FAO-APHCA/OIE/USDA Reginal workshop on Prevention and Control of Neglected Zoonozes in Asia Obihiro,Japan, 15-16 July 2015 Brucellosis situation inmongolia Ch.Tungalag Ph.D, Sc.D, prof Department of infectious diseases and Public Health Mongolian University of Life Science
Veterinaty service focused on handling neglected zoonozes Livestock population Brucellosis situation Diagnostic capacity Control measures Challenges
Veterinary service in Mongolia o Policy - Ministry of Agriculture and Food o Implementation - Goverment implementation agency - Department of Veterinary service and Animal Breeding o Control - State Control Department
Veterinary services focused on zoonozes Cross coordination committee 2013 November One health center Center for communicable diseases by two Ministries- Ministry of Health and Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Industries Working group on Brucellosin Adaption Brucellosis strategy in Mongolia 2014-2021
Number of livestock in 2014 Goat 18.35 Sheep 16.99 Cattle 2.43 Horse 2.24 Camel 0.26 0 5 10 15 20 Millions Number of livestock
Sheep distribution /2014/
Goat distribution /2014/
Cattle distribution /2014/
Horse distribution /2014/
Camel distribution /2014/
Elevation and water sources Khuvsgul Uvs Selenge Bayan-Ulgii Khovd Dornod Bulgan Zavkhan Arkhangai Bayankhongor Govisumber Govi-Altai Umnugovi W E S Sukhbaatar Dundgovi Uvurkhangai N Khentii Tuv Dornogovi Aimag Boundary River Allevation (meters) <1200 1200-1500 1500-1800 1800-2100 2100-2400 2400-2700 2700-3900 >3900 11
Brucellosis situation in Mongolia o Though many infectious diseases are controlled, the cases of brucellosis communicable to humans are increasing, and according to the record of health organization, brucellosis among human infectious diseases ranks after infectious hepatitis.
o Until 1990 livestock had been in public ownership and belonged to agricultural farms and state cooperatives. Therefore, losses and diseases of livestock were centrally controlled, and preventive and fighting measures were implemented on the national level including individually owned livestock and animals. o After 1990 ninety five present of livestock were transformed into private ownership, consequently began to be provided paid veterinary services, and furthermore, the financial possibility to render support by the state became limited. These are the main reasons of the increase of brucellosis cases among livestock and the population.
Brucella melitensis - in sheep and goats Brucella abortus in cattle Camels and yaks can be infected by both Both species pathogenic for man
Alive vaccines Rev1 Br.melitensis for small animals Strain 19 Brucella abortus for cattle Use for long period of time 2000-2014 2014-2021
Brucellosis diagnosis Rose Bengal test CFT ELISA PCR Diffrenciation vaccinated and natural infected animals Targeted surveillance
1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Human brucellosis, Mongolia, 1958-2009 4000 40.0 3500 35.0 3000 30.0 2500 25.0 2000 20.0 1500 15.0 1000 10.0 500 5.0 0 0.0 Number of cases Incidence per 10.000 Current zoonoses situation, 2012
ELISA test 2013-2014 Eastern province Tests Province Species 2013 2014 ielisa celisa ielisa celisa pos samples % pos samples % pos samples % pos samples % Sukhbaatar Dornod Camel 6 99 0.06 10 110 0.09 10 93 0.11 38 139 0.27 Cattle 9 27 0.33 6 15 0.40 17 29 0.59 7 21 0.33 Goat 3 21 0.14 4 15 0.27 3 50 0.06 25 42 0.60 Sheep 1 17 0.06 1 10 0.10 5 40 0.13 27 29 0.93 Total 19 164 0.12 21 150 0.14 36 212 0.17 97 231 0.42 Camel 13 97 0.13 5 90 0.06 18 111 0.16 9 128 0.07 Cattle 4 13 0.31 4 5 0.80 21 32 0.66 13 27 0.48 Goat 0 14 0.00 0 9 0.00 0 30 0.00 7 18 0.39 Sheep 0 17 0.00 0 11 0.00 0 19 0.00 3 10 0.30 Total 17 141 0.12 8 115 0.07 39 192 0.20 32 183 0.17
0.45 0.40 0.42 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.12 0.12 0.14 0.17 0.20 0.17 0.10 0.07 0.05 0.00 ielisa celisa ielisa celisa 2013 2014 Sukhbaatar Dornod
ELISA test 2013-2014 Tests Province Dornogobi Umnugobi Khobd 2014 Species ielisa celisa pos samples % pos samples % Camel 9 191 0.05 7 209 0.03 Cattle 5 15 0.33 2 3 0.67 Goat 0 30 0.00 5 18 0.28 Sheep 0 38 0.00 3 14 0.21 Total 14 274 0.05 17 244 0.07 Camel 25 313 0.08 7 232 0.03 Cattle 0 0 0 0 0 0 Goat 0 0 0 0 3 0 Sheep 0 0 0 0 19 0 Total 25 313 0.08 7 254 0.03 Camel 5 90 0.06 2 136 0.01 Cattle 5 25 0.20 4 4 1.00 Goat 2 25 0.08 10 24 0.42 Sheep 2 50 0.04 12 20 0.60 Total 14 317 0.04 28 184 0.15
0.16 0.15 0.14 0.12 0.10 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.05 0.03 0.04 0.00 Dornogobi Umnugobi Khobd 2014 ielisa 2014 celisa
Brucellosis conttrol Mass vaccination in animals 2o10 2011 2012 2013
Mass vaccination program Group 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 1 А M Т Т Т Т Т Т Т Т Т Т Т 2 Б M Т Т Т Т Т Т Т Т Т Т 3 В M Т Т Т Т Т Т Т Т Т 4 Г M Т Т Т Т Т Т Т Т М All animals except males (cattle, sheep, goat) Т-only new born Group А Б В Г Zavhan Province Arhangai, Bayanhongor, Darhan,Orhan, Ubs, Hobd, Gobi-Altai, Bayan-Olgii Bulgan, Dundgobi, Gobisumber, Hobsgol, Omnogobi, Oborhangai, Selenge, Tob, Ulaanbaatar, Dornogobi Hentii, Dornod, Sukhbaatar
Key questions: Challenge Diagnosis /infected and after vaccination reaction/ C-ElISA/ Treatment strategy /it should be like as TB treatment/ Alive vaccine strain - reverse /research/
Active surveillance in targeted region Financial support Diagnostic capacity in local level Control system Fast diagnostic method for human case Treatment strategy Epidemiology capacity Eradication program
Science Policy Implementation Maintenance Free from Brucellosis
Comments and question Thank you
o The new document regulates relationship between herders whose interests and needs are to keep the livestock healthy, on one hand, and on the other hand, veterinarian s interest to provide veterinary services. However, without sound financial support from the government side it is not possible to implement the policy. o Cost effective methods based on realistic assessment of the present situation should be used to implement the brucellosis eradication and control program in Mongolia.
o One has to realize that there are socio-economic factors negatively influencing the fight against brucellosis. In addition, there are biological factors with negative influences.