Name period date assigned date due date returned Experiment 1. Take the pink sheet of paper and lay it on your desk. 2. Dump some of the Ziploc bag of dots onto the white paper. 3. Spread the dots out evenly so that they do not overlap each other. 4. Take the tweezers and get ready to pick up as many dots as you can. 5. Your table partner will time you for 15 seconds. Pick up as many dots as you can with the tweezers and place them in the petri dish. 6. Once time has been called, count how many dots you have picked up. Place your data in the table. Color of Dots white pink Number Picked Up 7. Which color was easier to pick up? 8. Why do you think that color was easier? 9. If you were a dot and did not want to be eaten by the tweezer monster, which color would you want to be?. Power Point questions 1. Charles Darwin a. studied b. In at age 22, he accepted a job on the HMS Beagle as a scientist. c. The HMS Beagle docked at the Islands off the coast of South America. 2. Darwin s Theories a. He knew plants and animals over time. b. He believed that organisms had changed over time and would changing. c. The and of the organisms controlled the change. 1
3. What Darwin saw on the Galapagos Islands: a. Each island had animals with slightly different. b. long or short tortoises depending on the plant. c. He was most famous for his study of the island s finches. Finches had many different beak and depending on their diet. 2
4. The Theory of : a. Organisms over time based on that help them. b. Organisms with traits that them survive grow and reproduce on those traits to their. c. Organisms with traits that help them survive are usually eaten or die and pass on their. 5. Examples: The Peppered Moth In England, there is a species of peppered moth. They come in two color variations and. The trees they lived on had a lighter colored bark. However, during the industrial revolution, soot from the factories darkened the tree bark. Which moths were better adapted to the trees before pollution? Which moths were adapted to the trees after the pollution? Short Trunked Elephants Let s say a group of elephants had mostly short trunks. A few of the elephants had longer trunks. When food and water becomes scarce, what advantage do the longer trunks have over the shorter trunks? Over time, as the short trunked elephants die of thirst and starvation, the long trunked elephants are left to reproduce. What will happen to the group of elephants over time? 3
Which Beak is Best? Darwin in the Galapagos When Charles Darwin explored the Galapagos Islands, he discovered 31 different species of ground finches with many different beak sizes and shapes. He theorized that that over time, different groups of finches adapted to their food source by changing their beak shapes. Each beak shape could be matched to the type of food the bird ate. Objectives add teks Materials spoon tweezers eye dropper beaker of water tray with sand pieces of string styrofoam fish graduated cylinder of water Procedure Look at the shapes of the bird beaks in the chart. Under each bird s picture, give at least two things you think it might eat based on the shape of it s beak. On each table there is a spoon, tweezers and an eyedropper. These items are your beaks. There is also a beach filled with worms, a pond filled with fish and a flower with liquid nectar. Using your beaks, decide which beak is best suited to catch and eat each type of food. 4
Using the cards to help you, complete the data table based on your beak observations: Food Source Beak Tool Bird Type sand worms fish nectar Questions 1. How did you know which tool (beak) was best for each type of food? 2. Was it easy or hard when you used the wrong tool? 3. The island that these birds live on has plenty of food for each type of beak. There are plenty of small ponds with fish, beaches with sand worms and flowers full of nectar. However, the climate begins to heat up and over several hundred years, all of the small ponds dry up. Which bird will probably go extinct if all of the small ponds dry up? 4. Within a few years of the ponds drying up, most of the flowering plants die because they no longer have fresh water. Which bird species would be affected if the flowers dis and there was no more nectar?. 5. So, this island started out with three types of birds who each ate a different food and had beak shapes to help them catch their food. Because of climate changes, two of the bird types were not able to adapt and went extinct. Which bird type is left after natural selection takes place? 5
Design your own bird: Now it s your turn to design a bird. This bird must be able to catch and eat fast moving rabbits. Think about what adaptations this bird will need to be successful. It should have a specific beak shape for catching and eating meat. It will probably have a certain type of feet. You must decide whether your bird runs fast over the ground to catch the rabbit or if it swoops down from the air. Make sure you give it the right adaptations to do this. Under you bird s picture, write a brief description about the different adaptations your bird has. 6
6 The process by which organisms that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than other organisms of the same species is known as - A variation B the rule of extinction C mutualism D natural selection 7 Which of the following factors can affect the process of natural selection? I. overproduction of offspring in a species II. competition among organisms of same species III. genetic variations within a population IV. niche necessity within a population A I, II, and III B II only C I and III only D III and IV only 8 The Galapagos Islands are home to a variety of finches. Charles Darwin observed the finches on the island and noticed that each species was well-suited to the life it led. For example, finches that ate insects had sharp, slender beaks and finches that ate seeds had strong, wide beaks. Beak shape in these finches is an example of - A adaptation B simulation C competition D environmentalism 7
9 Which statement describes Charles Darwin s contribution to science? A He formed the first periodic table by placing elements with similar physical properties in groups. B His observations on the Galapagos Islands led to his theory of evolution through natural selection. C His experiments with plants broke down physical characteristics into alleles that were dominant or recessive. D He explained how forces, matter, and motion were related with three laws. 8
tweezers spoonbill sand worms spoon hummingbird fish eye dropper robin nectar 9
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