Hirofumi Kugita OIE Regional Representative for Asia and the Pacific Action for Combatting AMR in Veterinary Sector AMR Symposium, 1 st G7 CVO Forum 24 November 2016 * Tokyo, Japan
OIE: An intergovernmental technical and science-based Organisation 1924 1945 2003 Creation of the Office International des Épizooties (OIE) Creation of the United Nations New preferred name: World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) Headquarters (Paris, France) Astana Regional Representations Sub-Regional Representations & Offices World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 2
OIE: Mandate Improving animal health and welfare worldwide STANDARDS for international trade of animals and animal products TRANSPARENCY of the world animal disease situation EXPERTISE Collection and dissemination of veterinary scientific information SOLIDARITY between countries to strengthen capacities worldwide under the mandate given by the WTO including zoonoses animal disease prevention and control methods Capacity building tools and programmes World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 3
+1 billion people by 2050 Demand for animal protein, increase by more than 50% Demand for food Focus on developing countries Globalisation Population growth Unprecedented movement of people and commodities World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 4
AMR shared responsibility Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is not a new phenomenon, but concerns are growing Antimicrobial agents are essential to ensure human health, animal health and welfare, and food security The human, animal and plant sectors have a shared responsibility to prevent or minimise the development of antimicrobial resistance by both human and non-human pathogens. World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 5
83rd General Session in May 2015: Adopted: Resolution No 26 Combating Antimicrobial Resistance and Promoting the Prudent Use of Antimicrobial Agents in Animals Tripartite collaboration Support to Global Action Plan Support to Development of National Action Plans Collaboration with Public Health officials Asked for an OIE database on AMU in animals Improvement on veterinary legislation Improvement of AMR inclusion in Vet education Others World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 6
OIE ACTIVITIES ON AMR DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARDS & GUIDELINES FOR HARMONISATION TRAINING AND EDUCATION OF VETERINARY HEALTH PROFESSIONALS AVAILABILITY OF QUALITY ANTIMICROBIALS GOOD GOVERNANCE AND CAPACITY BUILDING OF OIE FOCAL POINTS ANTIMICROBIAL USAGE DATA COLLECTION IN ANIMALS AWARENESS AND COMMUNICATION SURVEILLANCE OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE OTHER INITIATIVES World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 7
Development of Standards DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARDS & GUIDELINES FOR HARMONISATION WHO and FAO participate in the ad hoc Group on AMR Updated and adopted between 2012 and 2015 http://www.oie.int/en/international-standard-setting/terrestrial-code/access-online/ World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 8
Development of Standards DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARDS & GUIDELINES FOR HARMONISATION World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 9
Development of Standards DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARDS & GUIDELINES FOR HARMONISATION World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 10
Development of Standards DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARDS & GUIDELINES FOR HARMONISATION OIE List of Antimicrobial Agents of Veterinary Importance: updated and adopted in May 2013 and May 2015 to take into account concerns for human health (WHO and FAO participated in this task) VCIA Both Criteria 1 and Criteria 2 Veterinary Critically Important Antimicrobial Agents VHIA Criteria 1 or Criteria 2 VIA Neither Criteria 1 or 2 Veterinary Highly Important Antimicrobial Agents Veterinary Important Antimicrobial Agents Recommendation: Any use of antimicrobial agents in animals should be in accordance with OIE standards on responsible and prudent use World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 11
Training and Education TRAINING AND EDUCATION OF VETERINARY HEALTH PROFESSIONALS Veterinary Education World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 12
Training and Education TRAINING AND EDUCATION OF VETERINARY HEALTH PROFESSIONALS Veterinary Education SPECIFIC COMPETENCIES FOR DAY 1 GRADUATES: Epidemiology Transboundary animal diseases Zoonoses (including food borne diseases) Emerging and re-emerging diseases Disease prevention and control programmes Food hygiene Veterinary products Animal welfare Veterinary legislation and ethics General certification procedures Communication skills World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 13
OIE GLOBAL DATABASE ON AMU IN ANIMALS The WHO Global Action Plan: OIE, supported by FAO and WHO within the tripartite collaboration, should build and maintain a global database on the use of antimicrobial medicines in animals The first phase of data collection on antimicrobials used in animals was initiated at the end of 2015. 2 nd round of data collection is currently on-going (4 th quarter of 2016) World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 14
OIE GLOBAL DATABASE ON AMU IN ANIMALS Submission of questionnaires by OIE Member Countries 44/54 81.5 19/29 65.5 26/32 81.3 36/53 67.9 5/12 41.7 n=130 AFRICA AMERICAS World ASIAOrganisation for Animal EUROPE Health Protecting MIDDLE animals, EASTPreserving our future 15
OIE GLOBAL DATABASE ON AMU IN ANIMALS Completeness of Templates Baseline Information + Option No reply 28% 49% 23% n=180 Baseline Information only World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 16
OIE GLOBAL DATABASE ON AMU IN ANIMALS Reporting options = types of submission of data BASELINE INFORMATION OPTION 1 Qualitative Data 32% Quantitative 68% 64% 33% 3% OPTION 2 OPTION 3 n=89 World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 17
OIE GLOBAL DATABASE ON AMU IN ANIMALS Authorisation of antimicrobial agents as growth promoters Decrease in % of countries that authorise growth promotors (49% in 2012) 26% 74% YES NO n=130 YES = 34 NO = 96 World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 18
70 OIE GLOBAL DATABASE ON AMU IN ANIMALS Data Source 60 61 50 42 40 33 30 20 17 17 10 9 11 7 n=89 0 IMPORTS MANUFACTUERS MARKETING AUTHORISATIONS HOLDERS WHOLESALERS FEED MANUFACTURES USE VETERINARIANS PHARMACIE World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 19
OIE GLOBAL DATABASE ON AMU IN ANIMALS Route of Administration Oral Injection Other 15% 1% n=29 84% World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 20
60.0% 50.0% OIE GLOBAL DATABASE ON AMU IN ANIMALS Respective use of the antimicrobial classes 47.8% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 15.8% 10.0% 0.0% 1.9% 0.9% 0.0% 0.3% 0.3% 0.1% 4.0% 0.0% 0.3% 1.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 7.4% 0.5% 4.8% 0.1% 0.0% 7.3% 0.6% 7.0% n=89 World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 21
OIE GLOBAL DATABASE ON AMU IN ANIMALS The database contributes to the Global Action Plan and will allow to establish baseline information on the use of antimicrobials in animals. The information gathered will also make it easier for Member Countries to: analyse and control the source of the veterinary medicinal products; obtain more reliable information on imports; trace their movements, and better evaluate the quality of the products in circulation; measure trends in the use of antimicrobial agents in animals over time. World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 22
Surveillance of AMR SURVEILLANCE OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE Surveillance of resistance of animal pathogens is another important element to assess the level and the evolution of AMR in animals. Currently, very little information is available worldwide on pathogens relevant to animal diseases. AMU data + Surveillance data + Population data AMR RISK ANALYSIS AND PLANNING PURPOSES World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 23
Quality Antimicrobials AVAILABILITY OF QUALITY ANTIMICROBIALS All the activities concerning the veterinary medicinal products must be covered by a national policy, compliant with OIE standards, including design, manufacturing, registration, import, distribution, wholesaling, storage, retailing and final use. The OIE actively promotes activities such as: Support to the International Cooperation on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Veterinary Medicinal Products (VICH) Control of the manufacturing, distribution and retailing Control of quality, falsification and counterfeiting Alternatives to antimicrobials (including priority vaccines) World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 24
Good Governance & Capacity GOOD GOVERNANCE AND CAPACITY BUILDING OF OIE FOCAL POINTS OIE PVS Pathway World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 25
Good Governance & Capacity GOOD GOVERNANCE AND CAPACITY BUILDING OF OIE FOCAL POINTS Collaborating Centres for Veterinary Medicinal Products ANSES (ANMV), Fouge res, France ; FDA (CVM), Rockville, USA; USDA, Ames, USA; NVAL, Tokyo, Japan. World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 26
Good Governance & Capacity GOOD GOVERNANCE AND CAPACITY BUILDING OF OIE FOCAL POINTS Network of national focal points on VMP and capacity building activities In each of the 180 Member Countries: All Delegates worldwide meet once a year (General Session) One OIE Delegate OIE National Focal Points Animal disease notification Animal production and food safety Animal welfare Aquatic animals Communication Laboratory Veterinary Products (started in 2009) Wildlife WORLD ASSEMBLY OF DELEGATES: The highest authority of the OIE. 1 country = 1 vote Regional capacity building workshop for National Focal Points for Veterinary Products in all regions World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 27
Good Governance & Capacity GOOD GOVERNANCE AND CAPACITY BUILDING OF OIE FOCAL POINTS Network of national focal points on VMP and capacity building activities Regional Training Seminar for OIE NFP on Veterinary Product, in Asia-Pacific 1 st ; Siem Reap, 2011 2 nd ; Bangkok, 2012 3 rd ; Tokyo, 2014 4 th ; Tokyo, 2016 World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 28
AWARENESS AND COMMUNICATION Communication Tool for Vet Services This handbook contains material that will help users to better communicate on animal health and welfare issues. The overall objective of this handbook is to improve the learner s communications skills. World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 29
AWARENESS AND COMMUNICATION AMR resources on the OIE Website http://www.oie.int/en/our-scientific-expertise/veterinaryproducts/antimicrobials/ http://www.oie.int/en/for-the-media/amr/waaw2015/ http://www.oie.int/en/ World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 30
AWARENESS AND COMMUNICATION Other Publications http://www.oie.int/en/our-scientific-expertise/veterinary-products/antimicrobials/ http://www.oie.int/en/for-the-media/amr/multimedia-ressources/ World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 31
Other Initiatives OTHER INITIATIVES The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), with support from the OIE, is hosting the 2 nd International Symposium on Alternatives to Antibiotics, 12-15 December 2016, at OIE Headquarters (Paris, France) World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 32
Other Initiatives OTHER INITIATIVES Regional activities (Asia-Pacific) AMR Laboratory Training at the National Veterinary Assay Laboratory (NVAL), Tokyo, Japan co-organised with OIE RR AP 14-18 November 2016: 8 trainees from Cambodia, HongKong SAR, Mongolia, Myanmar, Philippines, Chinese Taipei, Thailand, Vietnam 2017: This can be organised for other countries Regional workshop on AMR will be organized by OIE RR AP in collaboration with tripartite in later 2017. World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 33
OIE Strategy on AMR and Prudent Use of Antimicrobials Context 2015 Global Action Plan on AMR and the Tripartite Partnership OIE World Assembly Resolutions on AMR in 2015 and 2016 OIE Strategy launched in November 2016 Outlines a consolidated work programme under key objectives aligned with the Global Action Plan Objectives 1. Improve awareness and understanding 2. Strengthen knowledge through surveillance and research 3. Support good governance and capacity building 4. Encourage implementation of international standards World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 34
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