Hirofumi Kugita OIE Regional Representative for Asia and the Pacific Action for Combatting AMR in Veterinary Sector AMR Symposium, 1 st G7 CVO Forum 24 November 2016 * Tokyo, Japan
OIE: An intergovernmental technical and science-based Organisation 1924 1945 2003 Creation of the Office International des Épizooties (OIE) Creation of the United Nations New preferred name: World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) Headquarters (Paris, France) Astana Regional Representations Sub-Regional Representations & Offices World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 2
OIE: Mandate Improving animal health and welfare worldwide STANDARDS for international trade of animals and animal products TRANSPARENCY of the world animal disease situation EXPERTISE Collection and dissemination of veterinary scientific information SOLIDARITY between countries to strengthen capacities worldwide under the mandate given by the WTO including zoonoses animal disease prevention and control methods Capacity building tools and programmes World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 3
+1 billion people by 2050 Demand for animal protein, increase by more than 50% Demand for food Focus on developing countries Globalisation Population growth Unprecedented movement of people and commodities World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 4
AMR shared responsibility Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is not a new phenomenon, but concerns are growing Antimicrobial agents are essential to ensure human health, animal health and welfare, and food security The human, animal and plant sectors have a shared responsibility to prevent or minimise the development of antimicrobial resistance by both human and non-human pathogens. World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 5
83rd General Session in May 2015: Adopted: Resolution No 26 Combating Antimicrobial Resistance and Promoting the Prudent Use of Antimicrobial Agents in Animals Tripartite collaboration Support to Global Action Plan Support to Development of National Action Plans Collaboration with Public Health officials Asked for an OIE database on AMU in animals Improvement on veterinary legislation Improvement of AMR inclusion in Vet education Others World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 6
OIE ACTIVITIES ON AMR DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARDS & GUIDELINES FOR HARMONISATION TRAINING AND EDUCATION OF VETERINARY HEALTH PROFESSIONALS AVAILABILITY OF QUALITY ANTIMICROBIALS GOOD GOVERNANCE AND CAPACITY BUILDING OF OIE FOCAL POINTS ANTIMICROBIAL USAGE DATA COLLECTION IN ANIMALS AWARENESS AND COMMUNICATION SURVEILLANCE OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE OTHER INITIATIVES World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 7
Development of Standards DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARDS & GUIDELINES FOR HARMONISATION WHO and FAO participate in the ad hoc Group on AMR Updated and adopted between 2012 and 2015 http://www.oie.int/en/international-standard-setting/terrestrial-code/access-online/ World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 8
Development of Standards DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARDS & GUIDELINES FOR HARMONISATION World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 9
Development of Standards DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARDS & GUIDELINES FOR HARMONISATION World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 10
Development of Standards DEVELOPMENT OF STANDARDS & GUIDELINES FOR HARMONISATION OIE List of Antimicrobial Agents of Veterinary Importance: updated and adopted in May 2013 and May 2015 to take into account concerns for human health (WHO and FAO participated in this task) VCIA Both Criteria 1 and Criteria 2 Veterinary Critically Important Antimicrobial Agents VHIA Criteria 1 or Criteria 2 VIA Neither Criteria 1 or 2 Veterinary Highly Important Antimicrobial Agents Veterinary Important Antimicrobial Agents Recommendation: Any use of antimicrobial agents in animals should be in accordance with OIE standards on responsible and prudent use World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 11
Training and Education TRAINING AND EDUCATION OF VETERINARY HEALTH PROFESSIONALS Veterinary Education World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 12
Training and Education TRAINING AND EDUCATION OF VETERINARY HEALTH PROFESSIONALS Veterinary Education SPECIFIC COMPETENCIES FOR DAY 1 GRADUATES: Epidemiology Transboundary animal diseases Zoonoses (including food borne diseases) Emerging and re-emerging diseases Disease prevention and control programmes Food hygiene Veterinary products Animal welfare Veterinary legislation and ethics General certification procedures Communication skills World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 13
OIE GLOBAL DATABASE ON AMU IN ANIMALS The WHO Global Action Plan: OIE, supported by FAO and WHO within the tripartite collaboration, should build and maintain a global database on the use of antimicrobial medicines in animals The first phase of data collection on antimicrobials used in animals was initiated at the end of 2015. 2 nd round of data collection is currently on-going (4 th quarter of 2016) World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 14
OIE GLOBAL DATABASE ON AMU IN ANIMALS Submission of questionnaires by OIE Member Countries 44/54 81.5 19/29 65.5 26/32 81.3 36/53 67.9 5/12 41.7 n=130 AFRICA AMERICAS World ASIAOrganisation for Animal EUROPE Health Protecting MIDDLE animals, EASTPreserving our future 15
OIE GLOBAL DATABASE ON AMU IN ANIMALS Completeness of Templates Baseline Information + Option No reply 28% 49% 23% n=180 Baseline Information only World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 16
OIE GLOBAL DATABASE ON AMU IN ANIMALS Reporting options = types of submission of data BASELINE INFORMATION OPTION 1 Qualitative Data 32% Quantitative 68% 64% 33% 3% OPTION 2 OPTION 3 n=89 World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 17
OIE GLOBAL DATABASE ON AMU IN ANIMALS Authorisation of antimicrobial agents as growth promoters Decrease in % of countries that authorise growth promotors (49% in 2012) 26% 74% YES NO n=130 YES = 34 NO = 96 World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 18
70 OIE GLOBAL DATABASE ON AMU IN ANIMALS Data Source 60 61 50 42 40 33 30 20 17 17 10 9 11 7 n=89 0 IMPORTS MANUFACTUERS MARKETING AUTHORISATIONS HOLDERS WHOLESALERS FEED MANUFACTURES USE VETERINARIANS PHARMACIE World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 19
OIE GLOBAL DATABASE ON AMU IN ANIMALS Route of Administration Oral Injection Other 15% 1% n=29 84% World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 20
60.0% 50.0% OIE GLOBAL DATABASE ON AMU IN ANIMALS Respective use of the antimicrobial classes 47.8% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 15.8% 10.0% 0.0% 1.9% 0.9% 0.0% 0.3% 0.3% 0.1% 4.0% 0.0% 0.3% 1.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 7.4% 0.5% 4.8% 0.1% 0.0% 7.3% 0.6% 7.0% n=89 World Organisation for Animal Health Protecting animals, Preserving our future 21