Symposium on the OIE s activities and Japan inviting Dr. Monique Eloit, Director General of OIE Date: 24 March 2017 Venue: Yayoi Auditorium Ichijo Hall, The University of Tokyo Actions for combatting Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Tamotsu ISOGAI Director, Animal Products Safety Division Food Safety and Consumer Affairs Bureau Ministry of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF)
1 1 Situation on AMR1 Combatting AMR is a major and global issue Unless action is taken, the burden of death from AMR could balloon to 10 million lives each year. Source:Antimicrobial Resistance in G7 Countries and Beyond, G7 OECD report, Sept. 2015 Source:Tackling Drug Resistant Infections Globally, Final Report and Recommendations: The Review on Antimicrobial Resistance Chaired by Jim O Neill
1 2 Situation on AMR2 International actions Adoption of WHO Global Action Plan on AMR (May 2015) One of main topics of G7 summit (May 2016) The high level meeting of UN General Assembly on AMR (September 2016) Domestic actions Development of National Action Plan on AMR to consolidate measures against AMR that were taken in relevant areas such as human and animal medicine and promote them. (April 2016) Tackling antimicrobial resistance in animals is important to keep efficacy of antibiotics for animals; and mitigate the risk of transmission of antimicrobial resistance bacteria from animals to humans, through livestock products
2 1 AMR situation in the livestock sector in Japan1 Japan launched a nationwide AMR monitoring (Japanese Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System; JVRAM), in 1999. The rates of E. coli resistant to tetracyclines, the third generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones were comparable to other countries. International comparison of resistance in E.coli isolated from livestock animals in 2013 Denmark Austria Switzerland Tetracyclines (%) * Denmark Cephalosporins (the 3 rd generation) (%) Denmark USA Fluoroquinolones (%) ** USA Netherlands Hungary Germany Croatia Belgium Poland Japan Spain Cattle Pigs Broilers USA Netherlands Japan Cattle Pigs Broilers Switzerland France Japan Germany Austria Belgium Hungary Cattle Pigs Broilers France Spain * No data on pigs in Germany and Croatia, cattle in Croatia and France ** No data on cattle in Switzerland and France, pigs in Germany and Belgium
2 2 AMR situation in the livestock sector in Japan 2 Use of antimicrobials for animals Total 1,292 t Total 979 t Veterinary medicinal products 1,059 t Feed additives 233 t Polyethers* Polyethers* 2001 2014 Estimation based on sales/production quantities Includes companion animals Tetracyclines 325 t (43 %) 753 t 226 t Polyethers 143 t ( 63 % of feed additives) * Polyethers: coccidiostats
3 The outline of National Action Plan on AMR Goal 1 Awareness and education 2 Monitoring and surveillance 3 Infection prevention and control 4 Appropriate use of antimicrobials 5 Research and development 6 International cooperation Point of actions in animal sector Raise awareness of stakeholders including livestock producers Further promote collaboration between human health and animal health sectors Expand the scope/target of monitoring and surveillance in aquaculture Establish a monitoring and surveillance system for companion animals Ensure compliance of the Standards of Rearing Hygiene Management Thoroughly implement risk management measures based on risk assessments Further promote prudent use of antimicrobials Promote R&D of alternatives to antimicrobials including vaccines Contribution to the Asian Region
4 Strengthen monitoring and surveillance on AMR Current activities Monitoring and surveillance for healthy animals Monitoring and surveillance for sick animals FY2017 (new actions) Further promote collaboration between human health and animal health sectors (data sharing between the two sectors) Expand the scope/target of monitoring and surveillance in aquaculture and establish a monitoring and surveillance system for pets Strengthen surveillance on gene for resistance to colistin Strengthen surveillance on MRSA and ESBL producing bacteria in animals
5 1 Strictly implement risk management measures Risk assessment Risk management Food Safety Commission (FSC) assesses the impact to human health Based on the results of risk assessment conducted by FSC, MAFF establishes and implements risk management measures Principles of risk analysis (OIE code, Codex guidelines) Strictly implement science based risk management measures, including revocation* of feed additives that are assessed as not negligible risk. * MAFF is planning to revoke 2 feed additives in FY2017. MAFF will remain vigilant so that the revocation will not lead to increase in the use of antimicrobial veterinary medicinal products (VMPs), taking the EU s lessons into account. Risk based approach in line with the international standard (Codex Code of Practice to Minimize and Contain Antimicrobial Resistance)
5 2 Antimicrobial feed additives Some countries use several antimicrobials as feed additives, which are added to feeds at feed mills for the purpose of growth promotion or disease control. 23 antimicrobial additives * can be used for the purpose of growth promotion based on Act on Safety Assurance and Quality Improvements of Feeds, under strictly limited conditions. * including polyethers that are used for preventing coccidiosis in the EU (In Japan, purpose of use of polyethers is categorized as growth promotion.) Veterinary Medicinal Products Feed Additives Vets not negligible risk to human negligible risk to human Feed Mills Treatment Control Revocation Growth promotion Including polyethers that act as coccidiostats Ref. antimicrobial use in Japan
6 Contribution to the Asian region OIE Regional Short term Training on Antimicrobial Resistance in Tokyo, Japan (14 th 18 th Nov. 2016) Participants Cambodia Chinese Taipei Hong Kong SAR, China Mongolia Myanmar The Philippines Thailand Vietnam
Basic concept of addressing AMR issue in the animal sector Monitoring/ Surveillance on AMR Risk management measures based on risk assessments In line with international standards (OIE and Codex) Implement effective AMR measures based on science Secure public health and ensure consumer confidence in national livestock products