Questions for discussion Bank business 1. Explain the Bank business story to another person. 2. Why have people been protesting in the US and Australia recently? 3. Describe the profits some of the big banks make. 4. How do banks make money from their customers? 5. The money that banks charge people who borrow money is called. 6. What services do banks provide for their customers? 7. Why do people need banks? 8. Do you think the money banks make is justified? Explain your answer. 9. What do you understand more clearly since watching the BtN story? 10. The BtN story Bank business is an example of a a) Narrative b) Procedure c) Argument d) Report EPISODE 31 1 ST NOVEMBER 2011 Post a message on the Behind the News Guestbook http://abc.net.au/btn/guestbook.html. Shark attacks 1. What was the main point of the BtN story? 2. What sort of shark was thought to have killed a man in WA recently? 3. What was the name of the 1970 s film about a rogue shark? 4. What has the WA Fisheries Department been trying to do since the shark attack? 5. Since 1997 Great White sharks have been. 6. What has impacted on the shark population? 7. Humans are not part of a shark s normal diet. True or false? 8. How can humans protect themselves from shark attacks? 9. Do you think a shark should be killed if it attacks a human? Explain your answer? 10. Respond to the following statement: `We are more of a threat to sharks than they are to us. `Should a shark be killed if it bites a human? Vote in the BtN online poll http://www.abc.net.au/btn/ Malaria vaccine 1. Which insect carries the disease malaria? 2. In Africa, malaria is the biggest killer of kids under 5. True or false? 3. What is a parasite? 4. Draw a diagram that shows the spread of malaria through the body.
5. What are the symptoms of malaria? 6. How does malaria spread from person to person? 7. What can be done to reduce the risk of getting malaria? 8. What is the recent scientific breakthrough described in the BtN story? 9. What are some challenges facing the prevention of malaria in Africa? 10. Illustrate an aspect of the Malaria vaccine story. Play the Malaria Challenge game to learn more about the disease http://www.peacecorps.gov/kids/index.cfm?challenge=5 GPS 1. Briefly summarise the GPS story. 2. GPS stands for 3. What does GPS help people do? 4. Who developed GPS and what was it used for? 5. Small mistakes were built into early GPS receivers. Why? 6. Give three examples of where you might find a GPS. 7. Describe the new satellite navigation system being launched by the European Union. 8. Who was Galileo? 9. What do some people say are the advantages of having another navigation system? 10. Name three facts you learnt watching the GPS story. Write 5 true or false questions using facts from the BtN GPS story. Sheepdog trials 1. Which sport involves a dog, a whistle and a herd of sheep? 2. Which is a female sheep? a. Mare b. Ewe c. Heifer 3. Describe how dogs were used on farms in the past. 4. What are the sheepdog trials? 5. Is speed important in the trials? 6. How long has Lew been a sheepdog handler? 7. How are they trying to get younger people involved in the sport? 8. What part do kids play in the Barmera Sheepdog Trials? 9. How do sheepdogs and their owners work together to herd sheep? 10. Give an example of a command used to control the dogs. Test your knowledge in the online Sheepdogs quiz. Go to the BtN website and follow the links.
Malaria vaccine Focus Questions 1. Which insect carries the disease malaria? 2. In Africa, malaria is the biggest killer of kids under 5. True or false? 3. What is a parasite? 4. Draw a diagram that shows the spread of malaria through the body. 5. What are the symptoms of malaria? 6. How does malaria spread from person to person? 7. What can be done to reduce the risk of getting malaria? 8. What is the recent scientific breakthrough described in the BtN story? 9. What are some challenges facing the prevention of malaria in Africa? 10. Illustrate an aspect of the Malaria vaccine story. EPISODE 31 1 ST NOVEMBER 2011 Learning Area Health and Physical Education, Science Malaria vaccine Negotiate with students how many activities they will need to complete from each section. Remember and understand What do the following key words about vaccines mean? antigen, immunity, virus, antibodies, vaccine, immune system Use the facts from the BtN Malaria vaccine story to find out what malaria is and how it spreads. Students may find it useful to read the transcript on the story page to help answer the question. Create a facts chart about malaria using information from the BtN story and the internet. Quiz another student about some malaria facts. Play the Malaria Challenge and learn more about the disease http://www.peacecorps.gov/kids/index.cfm?challenge=5 Key learning Students will develop an understanding of what vaccines are, how they work and methods of controlling malaria. Apply and Analyse What do you know about vaccines? What vaccines have you received? Do you think vaccines are important? Why? Discuss your answers with a small group of students. How did your responses vary? Different methods are used to control malaria. These include: Insecticide treated bed nets Eliminating mosquito breeding areas Anti malarial medicines Educating people in affected areas about how to control malaria Vaccination research and development Working in pairs, students research one of the methods and present their
findings to the class. Encourage students to use photos or diagrams to add interest to their presentation. Learn more about malaria and help prevent the spread of the disease by completing the following Peace Corps webquest http://www.peacecorps.gov/wws/multimedia/videos/malaria/malaria_we bquest.pdf Investigate the impact vaccines have had on controlling disease and the potential risks of vaccinations. Why vaccinate against rare diseases? Students present responses to the questions using a desktop publishing program. Evaluate and create Develop a public education campaign for people living in malaria affected areas of Africa. The campaign needs to educate people about methods used to control the disease. What is the most effective way of delivering the information to the greatest number of people? Draw a flow chart that shows the stages of malaria beginning with an infected mosquito biting a human and the parasite multiplying in the body. On a world map, highlight countries and regions affected by malaria http://www.abc.net.au/btn/resources/story/worldmap.pdf Related Research Links ABC Science - Malaria: What you should know http://www.abc.net.au/science/slab/brown/story.htm CBBC Newsround A new malaria vaccine has promising results in Africa http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/15364039 World Health Organisation 10 facts about Malaria http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/malaria/en/index.html Malaria No More About Malaria http://www.malarianomore.org/malaria UNICEF Malaria http://www.unicef.org/health/index_malaria.html Peace Corps Play the malaria challenge http://www.peacecorps.gov/kids/index.cfm?challenge=5
Shark attacks Focus Questions 1. What was the main point of the BtN story? 2. What sort of shark was thought to have killed a man in WA recently? 3. What was the name of the 1970 s film about a rogue shark? 4. What has the WA Fisheries Department been trying to do since the shark attack? 5. Since 1997 Great White sharks have been. 6. What has impacted on the shark population? 7. Humans are not part of a shark s normal diet. True or false? 8. How can humans protect themselves from shark attacks? 9. Do you think a shark should be killed if it attacks a human? Explain your answer? 10. Respond to the following statement: `We are more of a threat to sharks than they are to us. Shark attacks Watch the BtN story Shark attacks and summarise the story in your own words. Watch the story again and listen carefully. Circle each of the following words as you hear them. Record any unfamiliar words. EPISODE 31 1 ST NOVEMBER 2011 Learning Area Society and Environment Key learning Students will investigate attitudes and misconceptions about sharks and the important role they play in the marine ecosystem. fatal rogue Great White protected threat shark patrols Ask students to write what they think is the meaning of each word (including unfamiliar words). Swap definitions with a partner and ask them to add to or change the definition. Check these against the dictionary definition. Ask students to write their own sentences using the key words. Students choose one or more of the following activities to complete: Students will research the issue of whether sharks should be killed if they attack humans. Encourage students to investigate both sides of the debate before arguing for or against the issue. Arguments need to include environmental and moral/ethical reasons to support their case. Students can present their argument as a persuasive argument or hold a mini debate about the issue. Why are sharks an important part of the marine ecosystem? Why are they important predators? What threats exist to shark populations? Create a poster that explains the shark s role as predator and threats to their existence.
Conduct a survey to find out what people think about sharks. Possible questions to ask include: Are all sharks dangerous? Why do you think people are afraid of sharks? Should a shark be killed if it attacks a human? Why? What was surprising about the results of your survey? Research some specific adaptations sharks have made to survive in particular habitats, for example, body shape, colour, tails and fins. Give an oral presentation explaining the adaptations. How does each of the shark s five senses help them search for prey? Draw a diagram to show your learning. What are some common myths about sharks? How do you think these myths are made? Research some common misconceptions/myths about sharks and shark attacks and create a myth busting quiz to share with students. In which countries are sharks found? Record on a world map also showing numbers of sharks now compared with 10 years ago. Related Research Links ABC Behind the News Shark attacks http://www.abc.net.au/btn/story/s2495775.htm ABC North Coast NSW Sharks not monsters http://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2011/10/24/3346631.htm ABC Catalyst Shark Attacks http://www.abc.net.au/catalyst/stories/s1774345.htm ABC News Diver killed in suspected shark attack http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-10-22/diver-killed-in-suspected-sharkattack/3595308 National Geographic Great White Sharks http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/fish/great-white-shark.html
BtN: Episode 31 Transcript 1/11/11 On this week's Behind the News. A series of fatal shark attacks near Perth so what should be done about it? Malaria breakthrough - a new vaccine that could save the lives of millions of kids. And blasting off some new technology that could rival your GPS devices. Hi I'm Nathan Bazley, welcome to Behind the News. Also on the show today we take a look at the sport of sheepdog trials and visit one which is run by kids. But before all that: Bank Business Reporter: Nathan Bazley INTRO: The big financial protests that started in Wall Street in New York have spread all around the world, even to Australia. Occupy Melbourne has been going for a couple of weeks now and one of the things they're protesting about is the greed of the big banks. But have you ever stopped to think how banks even make money? Let's take a look at where the money in the money business actually comes from.
NATHAN BAZLEY, REPORTER: They always say 'money doesn't grow on trees'. But it does multiply! Don't believe me? Well look at a bank and it'll prove it. Money goes into a bank, the same amount of money comes out of it and yet somehow, huge amounts are left over as profit. As much as 6 billion bucks for some of the big banks. See, it does multiply! Let me show you how. Johnny wants to make some cash and he's come up with a great idea - he's going to become his own mini bank! He's convinced five friends to lend him $100 each on the promise that he'll keep it safe for them. That gives him $500, but he doesn't own any of it. Even still, he then goes out and lends $200 of it to a friend who wants to buy a Nintendo DS and invests another $200 on the stock exchange. The last $100 he leaves in his wallet safe. By the time he's been paid back, Johnny now has 700 dollars. $100 dollars extra in interest from his DS loan and $100 extra from his investments. So even when his friends ask for all their money back, Johnny is 200 dollars better off! That's exactly what's happening when you put your pocket money in the bank. You, along with everyone else, deposit cash to keep it safe and sometimes to earn a little interest on top. But while it's in there, the bank makes the most of it. Some is kept on hand for when customers want it, but most is invested or given out in loans. So while your money is in there, it could actually be off helping someone buy a house, or it could be invested in a stock exchange way overseas. Either way, all the time your money is in there, it's making the bank more money on top. NATHAN: But that's not the only way they get cash out of you. Have you ever sat on a couch and had change slip out of your pockets and into the cushions? It happens every now and again without you really
paying much attention. Then when you're spring cleaning and look underneath, there is a fortune in there! In the same way, banks take little bit of your cash here and there in fees. It could be 50c for a transaction, or a few dollars a month for an account keeping fee. It's only a little bit each time, but if you think of how many customers sit on that couch, it adds up to a lot! Of course, for all of the money they earn, banks do provide you with a service. They hold your money and keep it safe, but they also give you convenient access to it when you need it, through cards or internet banking. They also provide ATMs so you can get your cash out and pay for tellers to help you with your banking. So banks do charge a fair bit, but at the same time, you are getting something for your money as well. And while they are making huge profits, people must still think they are worth using. Because the only other option is stashing your money under the mattress. And one thing I can guarantee is that your money won't do much multiplying under there! Presenter: OK let's see what else is making the news. Here's Matt with a quick round-up in the Wire. The Wire It's been a big few days for Qantas. The company announced on Saturday it wasn't going to fly any of its planes. An argument's been going on for months between workers and bosses. Bosses want to make changes to the business to save money but many workers are worried about jobs being lost in Australia. The latest move to cancel flights has made lots of people angry. Nearly 70 thousand passengers were stranded at airports here and around the world. In the end, Fair Work Australia, which acts a bit like an umpire in these situations, stepped in.
It said Qantas staff and bosses had to get back to work as normal and gave them 21 days to work out a new agreement. ******* Three Australian soldiers have been killed and seven others injured in Afghanistan. They were attacked by a local soldier they were training. Thirty three Australians have now been killed in Afghanistan since the war began. Shark Attacks Reporter: Sarah Larsen INTRO: There have been a few fatal shark attacks recently in Western Australia. Shark attacks are rare so to get a few close together has got some people worried. It's had many people calling for action and some saying the sharks responsible should be tracked down and killed. But is that the right response? Here's Sarah. SARAH LARSEN, REPORTER: It's something most of us don't like to think about when we go for a swim in the ocean. Recently an American was killed by a shark while he was diving near Perth. His friends said it was a three metre great white, just like one which took another swimmer a few weeks earlier. In all there have been 3 fatal attacks in the area in just a few months. It had a lot of people scared. Some even wondered if a single shark may have attacked more than once. The idea of a rogue shark isn't new. The 1970s film Jaws was based on the idea of a Great White that decided it liked the taste of humans and went after them. In Jaws a shark hunt is launched to track down the man-eater. And that's what's been happening here in Western Australia. The Fisheries department has been trying to find and kill the shark responsible and that's caused a fair bit of debate. Hunting down killer sharks was pretty common in the old days. But since 1997
Great Whites have been protected. Some state governments can give the order to kill sharks if they're a danger to humans but it's not very common. DR RACHEL ROBBINS, Shark Researcher: I think over the past couple of decades, after the Jaws phenomenon, people are actually starting to realise that they are a really important species. Dr Rachel Robbins is a shark researcher, and like many scientists, she's more worried about the threat that humans pose to sharks than the other way around. In many places they're hunted for their meat and fins and over fishing has taken away a lot of their food. So could sharks decide to go after humans instead? Could a shark like Jaws really exist? DR ROBBINS: No, absolutely not. There's no evidence at all that there is a rogue shark. Humans are too bony, we're hard to digest for them and we're definitely not part of their normal menu. Dr Robins says that the way sharks move around means sometimes there will be more in one place, which can mean more attacks and more sightings. But overall, she says, the number of shark attacks has stayed pretty steady over the years. There are some people who think that humans are putting themselves in danger by luring sharks for extreme activities like cage diving. But diving companies say there's no proof of that. So is there a way for humans to protect themselves? Staying out of deep water is a good idea, especially if you're by yourself. And try to stay away from murky water where are shark might mistake you for food. Many popular beaches have shark patrols. And Western Australia is going to increase those. But in the end, you can take comfort in the fact that shark attacks are still very rare. So you can enjoy your time at the beach without worrying too much about what lurks beneath
Presenter: OK let's make that our poll this week. Online Poll The question is: Should a shark be killed if it bites a human? To vote just head to our website. Now to the results of last week s poll. We asked; is the Queen's visit important to you? You were pretty much split down the middle on that one. 47 per cent said yes it is important. And 53 per cent said no. Thanks for voting. Malaria Vaccine Reporter: Natasha Thiele INTRO: You might've been bitten by a mozzie before and ended up with an annoying itch, which eventually goes away. But some countries have mosquitoes that can carry a disease called 'malaria' and that can make you really sick. For years, scientists have looked
at ways to stop people getting it. Now a new vaccine could hold the answer. Here's Tash. NATASHA THIELE, REPORTER: A mozzie has got you in its sights! It's preparing for a delicious meal of your yummy blood! But sometimes a little bite can leave you with more than just an itch. That's because some mozzies can carry a deadly disease called malaria. Now, you can't get malaria here in Australia, but in Africa it's the biggest killer of kids under 5. Every 45 seconds a child there dies from the disease. It can also be found in some parts of Asia and South America, especially where the weather's hot and humid. Malaria is a parasite, which means it's a tiny bug that lives off other living things. So when it gets into your blood it jumps into these big red blobs, which are red blood cells. The smaller dots are the parasites, which feed off the cells, multiply out of control and make our body stop working! It can take more than a week for symptoms to kick in like fever, vomiting and shivering. And if it's not treated, it can lead to death. People get it from infected mosquitoes and that's also how it's spread. If a mozzie bites someone with malaria, it can spread the disease to the next person it bites. The mozzie actually passes the disease on through its saliva. Stephen got malaria while spending time in Indonesia and he nearly died. You'd think that would put him off mosquitoes for life, but instead he decided to take on a career researching all about mozzies. STEPHEN FRICKER, MOSQUITO RESEARCHER: All around the world there's about three and a half thousand different types of mosquitoes. But this one here can carry malaria. They don't carry malaria in Australia but these types of mosquitoes overseas can cause a lot of damage around the world.
So luckily we don't have the problem in Australia. But for people living in other countries, there are ways to reduce the risk of getting malaria from mosquitoes. There are simple steps like covering up, sleeping under mozzie nets and wearing mozzie repellent. Then there's malaria tablets. They're used more by tourists, than by locals. That's because you have to keep taking either daily or weekly and that can be very expensive, particularly for people in poor countries. That's why lots of people are excited about a recent scientific breakthrough. A new malaria vaccine has been developed in Britain, which it's claimed could save millions of lives. It's was given to babies in Africa and the results show that the kids chances of getting malaria were halved. It's an exciting new development, but it'll need to be tested more and could take a few years to be approved. The question then will be if it's affordable to the people and the countries who need it the most. Quiz 1 OK, I'm itching for another quiz. How much do you know about mosquitoes? The question is: Which mosquitoes eat blood? Males Females Both Answer: Females
Many mosquitoes only eat nectar but the females of some species need to eat blood for protein so they can make eggs. OK, now to a story about finding your way around. GPS Rival Reporter: Sarah Larsen INTRO: Back in the old days people had to go to some pretty extreme measures so they didn't get lost. They read the stars put up landmarks and drew maps. But now anyone can know where they are and where they're going in an instant. It's all thanks to some neat devices and a bunch of satellites, known as GPS. Sarah finds out what that is and why it's about to change. SARAH LARSEN, REPORTER: Finding your way in the world is a lot easier than it used to be. Navigator voice: Turn right at the next intersection GPS has changed the way we navigate. Devices in our phones and or our cars tell us where we are and where we're going at the touch of a button. But have you ever wondered how it works? Well, to find out, we have to leave the city street and take a trip into space. Up here is where the GPS lives. It stands for Global Positioning System and what it actually is, is a group of at least 24 satellites orbiting the earth. The satellites send out signals which are picked up by receivers like the ones on your phone. By timing how long it takes the signal to get there, it can figure out exactly how far away you are from the satellite. That puts you at a point around the edge around a big circle on the earth. But your receiver also talks to a second satellite. By knowing how far away that is, it narrows down where you could be to the two points where the circles intersect. Measuring the distance to a third satellite will narrow it down to one spot; your location. And usually it will use a fourth satellite too just to be even more precise.
REPORTER: If you look at a GPS receiver like this you can actually see how many satellites you're talking to at any one time. Right now we're getting signals from 7 satellites, so it should be pretty accurate! The GPS was developed by the US government and originally it was only for the military REPORTER: When GPS receivers first became available to ordinary people, like bushwalkers, there were small mistakes built in to the system just to put you off in case you were looking for secret military information. But now GPS is everywhere and it's accurate, helping people navigate from mobile phones or cars or even tractors. It helps planes and ships find where they're going and it saves lives, helping to locate people who are lost at sea or on land. But the GPS isn't the only navigation system in space EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY: Un, deux, trois Recently the European Union sent a satellite into space with the help of a Russian rocket. Eventually it wants to send 29 more. Those 30 satellites will make up a satellite navigation system called Galileo. REPORTER: That's a name you've probably heard before, especially if you're into star-gazing. Galileo Galilei was a famous Italian astronomer. Now Europe wants to be a big part of the future of space communications. They reckon Galileo will be more precise and more reliable than the GPS and it will mean the US won't be the only country in control of navigation. China also has a nav system it wants to expand and Russia and India have their own too. So it's set to get even more crowded in orbit as we move forward here on earth
Presenter: OK, let's see how much you know about satellites. Here's a quiz! Quiz 2 The question is: What was the name of the first satellite to be launched into space? Sputnik 1 Explorer 1 The Hubble Answer: Sputnik 1 It was launched by Russia in 1957. The Explorer was American and came later while the Hubble is the name of the famous space telescope. OK, let's focus on some stars of the sporting world now. Here's Matt with the Score. The Score The Australian netball team, the Diamonds has taken out the Constellation Cup after a close match in Melbourne. They beat archrivals New Zealand in the deciding match of the three test series. The final score was 44 to 41. The win means Australia not only secures the cup, but also takes the world number one ranking from the Silver Ferns.
******* The biggest game in baseball, the World Series, has been won by the St Louis Cardinals. They beat the Texas Rangers to the title. The series was levelled at 3-all - so it went to seventh game to decide the winner. The Cardinals scored 6 runs to 2 to claim an 11th title. ******* And in the A-League it was goals galore in Brisbane as the Roar smashed Adelaide United seven goals to one. Another goal for Brisbane would have equalled the record for the biggest win in A-League history, a record that's actually held by Adelaide! Sheepdog Trials Reporter: Nathan Bazley INTRO: Finally today most sports involve a ball, or a bat, or a stick. But do you know any sports that involve a dog, a whistle and a herd of sheep? Well we're talking about the sport of sheep dog trialling where farmers and dogs show their skill at driving sheep through a course. It's all based on an activity some famers still use. But very few young people get involved anymore. Well very few outside of one comp that's run entirely by kids.
Man's best friend has it pretty easy these days. Their job is to play with you, keep you entertained and make you happy. But back in the day, they had to earn their keep in a very different way. DOG MAN: See you honey, I'm off to work. DOG WOMAN: Big day today? DOG MAN: Ewe betcha! Most dogs had full-time employment as sheepdogs. Long before motorbikes and trucks, farmers used dogs to jump, sprint and nip at sheep to drive them where they needed to go. They were invaluable on the farm, and on some farms they still are. DAMIEN WILSON, GRAZIER: You could have had 20 men working the place and they wouldn't have brought the mob in like a couple of dogs can. And all these whistles, commands and gestures became such an art form; they eventually turned into a sport. These are sheep dog trials, which are basically obstacle courses for sheep. The challenge is, the sheep don't want any part in it! So competitors have to work with their dogs to guide them through the course as fast as possible. Damien is one of the competitors here today, and one of his rivals is Lew, a veteran of sheep dog handling for more than 70 years. You might notice something looking at these two athletes. Neither are exactly spring chickens are they? And that's a problem with the sport, there aren't any young pups coming through the ranks. But at this trial they are trying to fix that. Here are the commentators of the Barmera trials in South Australia. Here are the time keepers. Here are the scoreboard attendants and here are the sheep handlers. They're all kids!
JESS PRESS: To begin with it was just to get off school, but, you know, eventually as it goes on, you meet people, you start off and you get used to it, and when you know the rules and you know what's happening, it does turn out to be really fun. TOM BROOKE: It's just appealed to me. I like working with animals, especially dogs. And they need to work well with them, because things can get a bit woolly. Clearly that shows. It's not easy to herd sheep. So how do sheep dogs and their owners work together to gain the upper hand? Well there are a few basic commands that tell the dogs where to go. In fact, it's kind of like controlling a video game. Saying 'bye' gets the dogs moving clockwise around the target sheep. 'Away' gets them herding counter-clockwise. Yelling 'Cast' tells the dogs to gather all the sheep into a group. And 'Look Back' let's the dogs know a sheep as been forgotten. That's just four of hundreds of possible commands. And then remember that they'll often be controlling two or three dogs at once. But none of that chaos is putting these kids off the sport. TOM BROOKE: I'd like to get a dog when I'm older and trial him in this. JESS PRESS: It's what Australians do. So hopefully it does stay around. And if there are keen handlers around there's no doubt there will always be keen dogs wanting to make a splash in this interesting sport.
Closer Looks like fun. And that's it for the show. You can jump onto our website if you want to get more info on any of the stories. You can send us your comment and don't forget to vote in this week's poll. I'll see you next time.