Livestock Identification / Registration among the West Eurasia Countries Results of a Survey Abdul Baqi Mehraban Livestock Development Officer FAO-SEC
Objectives of the Survey: To gain an insight of the Livestock Identification/registration systems already in place among the West Eurasia Countries To identify/prioritize areas of improvement To identify possible areas of international/trans-boundary cooperation between neighboring countries
Description of the Survey A questionnaire distributed 3 weeks before the Baku meeting. Almost all questions as YES/NO or tick-boxes. Dully filled questionnaires received from 10 Countries Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Syria, Tajikistan, Turkey Many thanks to all who responded!!!! Livestock Identification / Registration Survey
Description of the Survey Questions restricted to FMD susceptible species: cattle - sheep/goats - pigs Questions covered 5 main areas : Livestock Registration Systems (list of all the holdings, or farms or villages keeping livestock at national level (for the entire country ) or at local level Livestock identification systems: (systems for marking animals individually in order to identify them) Movement Tracing: (movements of animals inside the country but also between countries) Movements of animals in case of FMD General remark : Replies were more relevant for Cattle and Sheep - Goats, less for Pigs (in half of the replies there were either no pig replies or a comment for a very small pig population).
Results: (1) What are the most common husbandry system(s) for cattle? 100% 80% 60% 40% 40.00% 30.00% 20% 20.00% 0% (1.1) Nomadic herds and ones that make seasonal movements (1.2) Animals grazing mostly outdoors no seasonal movements (1.3) Animals kept mostly indoors no seasonal movements (1.4) Industrial holdings - intensive rearing
Results: (1) What are the most common husbandry system(s) for sheep/goats? 100% 80% 80.00% 60% 40% 20% 0% (1.1) Nomadic herds and ones that make seasonal movements (1.2) Animals grazing mostly outdoors no seasonal movements 0.00% (1.3) Animals kept mostly indoors no seasonal movements (1.4) Industrial holdings - intensive rearing
RESULTS: LIVESTOCK REGISTRATION SYSTEMS National lists of livestock (2) Is there a national list of holdings, or farms or villages keeping livestock? (2) 100% 100.00% 90.00% 80% 60% 40% 20% 30.00% (1) Cattle (2) Sheep/Goats (3) Pigs 0% (1) Cattle (2) Sheep/Goats (3) Pigs
RESULTS: LIVESTOCK REGISTRATION SYSTEMS National lists of livestock (2.2-2.5) What is the Information included in the national list? 100% Cattle 80% 70.00% 80.00% 80.00% 70.00% 70.00% 80.00% Sheep/Goats Pigs 60% 40% 30.00% 30.00% 30.00% 30.00% 20% 20.00% 0% (2.2) List of livestock owners (2.3) List of farms (premises) (2.4) List of villages keeping livestock (2.5) List of herds (2.2) List of livestock owners (2.3) List of (2.4) List of farms(premises) villages keeping livestock (2.5) List of herds (2.2) List of livestock owners (2.3) List of (2.4) List of farms(premises) villages keeping livestock (2.5) List of herds
RESULTS: LIVESTOCK REGISTRATION SYSTEMS National lists of livestock (3) Who is responsible to keep and update the national list? 100% Cattle 80% 80.00% 70.00% Sheep/Goats Pigs 60% 40% 30.00% 40.00% 20% 20.00% 20.00% 20.00% 0% (3.1) National Veterinary Authorities (3.2) National Authorities other than the Veterinary Authorities 0.00% (3.3) National Farmers associations (3.4) Other (3.1) National Veterinary Authorities (3.2) National Authorities other than the Veterinary Authorities 0.00% (3.3) National Farmers associations (3.4) Other (3.1) National Veterinary Authorities (3.2) National Authorities other than the Veterinary Authorities 0.00% (3.3) National Farmers associations (3.4) Other (3)
RESULTS: LIVESTOCK REGISTRATION SYSTEMS National lists of livestock (3.5) How often is the national list updated? 40 35 36 (1) Cattle 30 25 Months 20 15 12 12 12 12 10 5 0 6 1 1 6
RESULTS: LIVESTOCK REGISTRATION SYSTEMS National lists of livestock (3.5) How often is the national list updated? 40 35 30 36 (2) Sheep/Goats Months 25 20 15 12 12 12 10 5 0 6 1 1 6
SUMMARY ON LIVESTOCK REGISTRATION SYSTEMS Husbandry systems Cattle, kept indoors / grazing outdoors are rarely subject to seasonal movements. In small ruminants the majority of countries reported nomadic systems/seasonal movements as the most likely practices. Pigs, an apparently less significant population, are either kept indoors or make part of a few industrial holdings in some countries.
SUMMARY ON LIVESTOCK REGISTRATION SYSTEMS All countries have national lists of cattle and sheep goats(9/10), but only a few for pigs (3/10) The National Lists of cattle and small ruminants : usually include lists of owners, farms and villages 60% of the countries they are electronic They are usually filled by the National Veterinary Authorities of each country in most cases updated once per year (in some countries every 1-6 months or up to 36 months)
SUMMARY ON LIVESTOCK REGISTRATION SYSTEMS Most countries (80%) also keep Local Lists of cattle /small ruminants: Almost same information like the relevant national lists Kept by the Local Veterinary or other Authorities Updated with the same frequency with National Lists
RESULTS: LIVESTOCK IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS (6.1-6.2) Do they apply- are they mandatory? 100% 80% (6.1) Identification systems are present 60% 50.00% 40% 20% 0% 0.00% (1) Cattle (2) Sheep/Goats (3) Pigs 6.1
RESULTS: LIVESTOCK IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS (6.1-6.2) Do they apply- are they mandatory? 100% 80% (6.1) Identification systems are mandatory 60% 40% 20% 30.00% 20.00% 0% (1) Cattle (2) Sheep/Goats (3) Pigs 6.2)
RESULTS: LIVESTOCK IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS (6.3) Estimated percentages of farm animals that bear some individual identification Cattle (replies from 7 countries) 100 100 95 90 80 75 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0.5 4 10 10 0
RESULTS: LIVESTOCK IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS (6.3) Estimated percentages of farm animals that bear some individual identification Sheep/Goats (replies from 4 countries) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0.5 100 10 90
RESULTS: LIVESTOCK IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS (6.4) What are the common methods used for individual animal identification? 100% 100.00% Cattle 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 20.00% 0.00% (1) Ear tag (2) Tattoo (3) Electronic bolus (4) Branding (5) Other (6.4)
RESULTS: LIVESTOCK IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS (6.4) What are the common methods used for individual animal identification? Sheep/Goats 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% 40.00% 20.00% 0.00% 0.00% (1) Ear tag (2) Tattoo (3) Electronic bolus (4) Branding (5) Other (6.4)
RESULTS: LIVESTOCK IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS (6.6) The animal identification records, are they paper based or electronic? 100% 80% 80.00% 60% Cattle Sheep/Goats Pigs 40% 20% 30.00% 30.00% 20.00% 20.00% (6.6) 0% Paper Based Electronic Paper Based Electronic Paper Based Electronic
RESULTS: LIVESTOCK IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS (6.7) Who fills the animal identification records? 100% Cattle Sheep/Goats Pigs 80% 80.00% 60% 40% 30.00% 40.00% 20% 20.00% 20.00% 20.00% 20.00% 0% (1) Government veterinarian (2) Private veterinarian (3) Farmer (4)Other (1) Government veterinarian (2) Private veterinarian 0.00% (3) Farmer (4)Other (1) Government veterinarian 0.00% (2) Private veterinarian 0.00% (3) Farmer (4)Other (6.7) Livestock Identification / Registration Survey
SUMMARY ON LIVESTOCK IDENTIFICATION SYSTEMS Practically present only for cattle, in half the countries (mandatory only in 3 countries). In 1-2 countries reported for small ruminants and pigs too. In most countries, where cattle identification is present, it is estimated that 10% or less of the cattle bear individual identification (mostly ear tags). A couple of countries however reported high levels (above 90%) of individual identification among all ruminants. Records of livestock identification are mostly paper based (some electronic records reported too) and usually filled by Government Veterinarians.
RESULTS: MOVEMENT TRACING Inside the country (7.1) Do livestock animals need some kind of authorization prior to movement inside the country? Authorisation is required prior to movement 100% 80% 60% 90.00% 80.00% 40% 40.00% 20% 0% (1) Cattle (2) Sheep/Goats (3) Pigs (7.1)
RESULTS: MOVEMENT TRACING Inside the country (7.2) What kind of authorization is needed for movements of animals inside the country? Cattle 100% Sheep/Goats Pigs 80% 80.00% 70.00% 60% 60.00% 60.00% 50.00% 40% 40.00% 20% 20.00% 20.00% 0% Movement permit Health certificate Other Movement permit Health certificate Other Movement permit Health certificate Other (7.2) Livestock Identification / Registration Survey
RESULTS: MOVEMENT TRACING Inside the country (7.3) Are there any records of animal movements? 100% Cattle Sheep/Goats Pigs 80% 60% 50.00% 40% 30.00% 30.00% 40.00% 30.00% 30.00% 40.00% 20% 20.00% 0% YES paper YES electronic NO YES paper YES electronic NO YES paper YES electronic NO (7.3)
RESULTS: MOVEMENT TRACING Inside the country (7.4) Who authorizes animal movements within the country? Cattle Sheep/Goats Pigs 100% 90.00% 90.00% 80% 60% 60.00% 40% 20% 0% (1) Veterinary Authorities 0.00% (2) Police (3) Other (1) Veterinary Authorities 0.00% (2) Police (3) Other (1) Veterinary Authorities 0.00% (2) Police (3) Other (7.4)
RESULTS: MOVEMENT TRACING International (to and from other countries) (8.3) What is the competent authority responsible to authorize import and export of live animals to other countries? 100% 100.00% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% (1) Veterinary Authorities 0.00% (2) Customs (3) Police (4) Other
RESULTS: MOVEMENT TRACING Border Controls 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% (8.5) What are the COMPETENT AUTHORITIES responsible for official border controls of live animals? (imported or exported) 80.00% (1) Veterinary Authorities 30.00% 20.00% 0.00% (2) Customs (3) Police (4) Other Country No of Border Inspection Posts Afghanistan 9 Armenia 9 Azerbaijan 11 Georgia 13 Iran 41 Iraq 14 Kazakhstan 34 Syria 23 Tajikistan 17 Turkey 8
SUMMARY ON MOVEMENT CONTROLS WITHIN EACH COUNTRY In the majority of countries (80-90%) movements of Cattle and Sheep/Goats are subject to authorisation (health certificate ±movement permit) granted mostly by the Veterinary Authorities. In pigs some movement control reported too (authorisation required in 40% of the countries). Livestock movement records reported to exist in 7/10 countries (paper or electronic).
SUMMARY ON MOVEMENT CONTROLS WITHIN EACH COUNTRY Official controls to detect unauthorised livestock movements are carried out jointly by the Veterinary Authorities and the Police. Half or more of the countries reported that UNAUTHORISED movements of ruminants/pigs may occur sometimes.
SUMMARY ON MOVEMENT TRACING BETWEEN COUNTRIES (IMPORTS EXPORTS) In all countries Imports Exports of live animals are authorised by the Veterinary Authorities In most cases border controls are carried out by the Veterinary Authorities and/or Customs, sometimes assisted by the Police. Unauthorised IMPORTS of livestock were reported to occur (30%) or rarely while unauthorised EXPORTS less frequently, 20%-10%). The number of Border Inspection Posts per country is usually around 10-15, although a couple of countries reported more than 20 or 30.
GENERAL CONCLUSIONS - REMARKS Livestock registration (owners, farms, villages) is in place to some extent for cattle as well as small ruminants. Individual animal identification is very low in most countries and practically present only in cattle. Situation may vary significantly between countries. Movement restrictions in case of FMD may vary significantly between countries, in some cases they do not even apply.
GENERAL CONCLUSIONS - REMARKS Most countries plan to improve their animal movement control systems (particularly for ruminants) both within their territory as well as for exports/imports. If achieved this could greatly contribute in FMD control in the area. Introduction of electronic systems both in Livestock Registration as well as in Livestock Identification could help improve the situation. The presence of nomadic sheep / goat populations in many countries poses an extra challenge for FMD control in West Eurasia.
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