Chick quality: hatchery impact on broiler performance. Scott Martin LLC - USA

Chick quality: hatchery impact on broiler performance Scott Martin LLC - USA

Chick Quality Hatchery Impact on Performance Scott Martin SCOTT MARTIN, LLC.

Field Performance

FCR Advantage Advantage of 2 points of FCR ($332/ton Feed Cost) Feed Conversion Advantage Cost / Kg. Live Change in Profit $0.0074 Target Live Weight x 2.25 Kg Cost / Bird Change in Profit $0.0165 Number of Birds / Week x 1,000,000 Change in Profit / Week $16,500.00 Number of Weeks / Year x 52 2 points FCR Advantage in Profit: $ 858,000

Egg Assessment

Things To Consider When Holding Eggs Egg age Setting fresh eggs and old eggs tends to hurt hatch Flock age Eggs from younger flocks hold better than older flocks Flock history Some flocks just hold better than others

Proper Egg Assessment Monitor the temperature of the eggs Use temperature recorders on the farms, in the egg trucks, in the hatchery egg rooms, etc. Know the history of the eggs How old are the eggs? What is the age of the breeder flock? Evaluate the egg size Know the average egg weight and the minimum acceptable weight for small eggs. Evaluate the condition of the eggs Dirty, cracked, deformed, double yolk, inverted

Effect Of Egg Storage On Hatchability 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 Days of Storage

Conditions Of The Eggs Dirty Eggs (Omphalitis?) Cracked (No Hatch Cull Chicks) Deformed (No Hatch Cull Chicks) Double Yolk (Cull Egg) Inverted (Low Hatch Cull Chicks)

Dirty Eggs

Condensation

Contamination

Hen house 75-85 o F Egg Temperature Flow Chart On farm egg room 63-68 o F Egg transportation truck 63-68 o F 104 106 o F Hens body Setter machine Hatchery egg room 63-68 o F 99.5-100 o F Setter hall 75-80 o F

AC AC 64.9 63.8 63.5 63.9 61.3 61.4 63.9 61.0 60.7 63.0 62.8 62.2 64.6 62.3 62.1 64.5 62.0 62.1 63.3 61.8 61.6 60.6 61.9 62.0 64.8 62.7 63.5 64.0 61.8 61.6 63.8 60.8 60.8 61.9 63.1 61.8 64.6 62.3 62.3 64.6 62.0 62.0 63.5 55.8 55.9 57.1 61.8 61.6 64.7 62.5 62.4 64.5 61.9 62.0 63.6 60.9 56.8 58.3 62.0 62.0 Holding Room Temperature Without Fan

AC AC 63.2 63.8 63.7 63.1 63.5 63.7 63.3 63.8 63.2 63.2 63.1 63.3 63.5 63.9 63.6 63.3 64.2 64.4 63.5 63.7 63.9 63.3 63.7 63.9 63.4 63.9 64.0 63.0 63.6 63.3 63.3 63.8 63.7 63.5 63.0 62.6 63.8 63.8 63.7 63.1 64.5 64.6 63.3 63.7 63.6 62.6 59.5 60.6 63.5 63.9 63.9 63.0 64.0 63.5 63.9 63.7 63.7 63.3 59.6 61.7 Holding Room Temperature Within Fan

Ventilation

AREAS Hatchery Ventilation The Proper Set-up HVAC CFM/1000 TEMP RELATIVE HUMIDITY AREA PRESSURE Egg Receiving & Holding 1 65-68 60-75% Neutral To +.01 Setter Bays 4-5 76-80 55-62% +.01 To +.015 Hatcher Bays 12-16 76-80 55-62% +.01 To +.015 Chick Holding 12-16 72-75 65-70% Neutral To Neg.01 Chick Pull & Wash 12-16 72-75 65-70% Neg.010 To Neg.015 Clean Equipment Room 0 72-75 N\A Positive Hallways 0 75 N\A Neutral

Dead Banding Method With Room Temperature Monitoring 10 COOL 5 SET POINT -5-10 24 HOURS HEAT

HVAC System Cooling Coil Heat Exchanger Fresh air intake Fresh Air modulating dampers which opens and shut Return Air modulating dampers which opens and shut 25% to 75% returned air from the fresh air room (fresh air plenum)

Ventilation Equipment Always Clean and Disinfect!!!! Condensation trap Walls Clean filters Always date

Cooling Coil (Dirty)

Cooling Coil (Clean)

Cooling Coil (Back) (Correct Flow)

Environment Influences on Machines Improper Cycling Heat & Cool on at the same time Front & Rear heat out of sync Fresh air dampers closed (after machine recovery)

Environment Influences on Machines Room Conditions Pressure Control Extreme Positive Pressure Extreme Negative Pressure Temperature Humidity

Air Flow 100.2 100.7 100. 9 100.8 99.8 99.4 100.5 F 98.0 F 0-3 DAYS 3-7 DAYS 7-10 DAYS 10-14 DAYS 14-17 DAYS 17-18 DAYS

Maintenance

Preventative Maintenance Calibrate machines and rooms Monitor settings Check embryo temperatures Check moisture loss Check pipping Check chick temperatures Confirm: what you think you have is what you have

Incubator Assessment Know your incubator set points Temperature Humidity Have a program for recording how each machine is operating Conduct an embryodiagnosis to verify the performance of your incubators

Water Temperature Entering Cooling Coil 18 ๐ C

Cooling Coil Inside Setter

Bad Door Gasket

Good Door Gasket

Improper Egg Rack Seal

No Egg Rack Seal

Curtains Not Sealing

Nozzle Adjustment and Leaks

Tools

Hatchery Tools Magnehelic Gauge Humidity Temperature Meter Digital Thermometer Data Logger Air Meter Rectal Thermometer Smoke Emitters Stroboscope Infrared Thermometer

Egg Set

Set Times TARGET = 504 HOURS Adjust for breeder flock age and egg storage time Breeder Flock Age Up to 28 weeks add 6 hours 29 30 weeks add 3 hours Egg Storage Time 1 to 6 days normal target 7 days add 1 hour 8 days add 2 hours 9 days add 3 hours 10 or more days add 4 hours

Set and Transfer Know your incubation time Set consistently (same time every day with exceptions) Transfer consistently (same time every day) Keep flock age consistent or segregate

Sanitation

Sanitation Run base line studies Use reliable products Monitor hatcheries Fog rooms Fumigate inside of machines Keep a good air flow through the hatchery

Embryodiagnosis

Candle And Residue Breakouts 1 2 3 4 5 6 7*** 8 9 10 11 12 13 14*** 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Early Middle Late Candle eggs ( 10-12 days or at transfer) residue ( at hatch ) Look for day embryonic death occurred Check flock and machine again Check same flock in a different machine Check different flock in same machine Look for mold Look for patterns Use hatch of fertile%

Hatch Of Fertile By Age Of Breeder Flock 25-33 wks 34-50 wks 51-68 wks Hatch Of Fertile 90.8% 91.8% 89.6% Example: 86.4% Hatch \ 96% Fertility = 90% Hatch Of Fertile

HATCHABILITY OR HATCH OF FERTILE HATCHERY A HATCH 86 FERTILITY 97 HATCH OF FERTILE 88.66 B 82 91 90.11 C 84 94 89.36

Egg Age FERTILITY DOESN T CHANGE PROLONGED STORAGE REDUCES HATCH ALWAYS DIAGNOSE THE HATCH LOSS

WHAT HAPPENED? FLOCK FERTILITY EGG AGE HATCH% HOF% 999 95 4 86 90.5 999 95 9 84 88.4

Infertile or Fertile?

Infertile

Fertile

Infertile or Fertile? Infertile Fertile

Embryo Size Day 1 Day 2

Day 14 Embryo turns head towards large end of egg

Day 15 Intestines are drawn into abdominal cavity

Day 17 Amniotic fluid decreases Head is between legs

Day 18 Growth of embryo nearly complete Yolk sac is still on outside of embryo Head is under the right wing

Day 19 Yolk sac draws into body cavity Amniotic fluid gone Embryo occupies most of space with in egg(not in the air cell)

Day 20 Yolk sac drawn completely into body Embryo becomes a chick(breathing in air cell) Internal & external pip

Incubator Assessment

Incubator Assessment Incubator # 3 7 11 17 Total % Standard Flock # 387 343 396 404 x x Flock Age 37 61 39 29 x x Chick Count 100 101 100 100 100.25 x Activity Level loud loud loud loud x x Red Hocks 2 8 6 3 19 Red Beaks 0 Culls 2 2 Dehydrated 0 Navel Large 1 7 2 3 13 Navel Small 43 59 63 51 216 Wicks 2 2 Leaky 1 23 7 31 Good 56 18 29 45 148

7 or 14 Day Mortality? Look at the mortality patterns!

Chick Quality Normal Daily Mortality Mortality 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Days

Chick Quality Dehydration Mortality 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Days

Dehydration Post Hatch

Pull Times 0 512 0 508 0 504 PULL

Dehydration All birds start dehydrating after hatch Post Hatch Try to squeeze a few more (popcorn) Timing from Ready to Delivery Logistics, Labor, Trucking, Bottlenecks Pull early Open navels Not thirsty? Produce Good Quality Compromise after hatch Proper chick hold space Farm distance, 20 min to 6 hours

Hydrated

Dehydrated

Dehydrated

Dehydrated

Dehydrated

Dehydrated

Dehydrated

Dehydrated

Dehydrated

Comfortable

Pre-Pull Hatch Window, Hatch Spread 30 hours or less (hatch starts) 23 hours- 30% 12 hours- 70 to 80% Check Chick Temperatures before pull

Step Programs Lower Temperature in hatcher Timing is important (step down before chick overheats) Take temperatures at pre-pull and at pull times Remember! Step programs are designed to keep chicks from overheating Not to cool down

Clean Residue

Dirty Residue

Chick Holding Chick Holding Locations Hatcher Separator or Pull Room Chick Room Transport

Separator Room

Loading and Transport

Dehydration Scale Pull and Hold Time Hatcher 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10 Delivery

Stress In The First 5 Days Yolk Sac

The Yolk Sac Contains essentials Nutrients (25% protein, 25% lipids) This is just for maintenance, the yolk itself doesn t provide enough alone for growth. Water (50%) Antibodies Absorption of yolk

Stress In The First 5 Days Baby chicks were split between 5 groups: A,B,C,D, and E Group A: stress high temperature Group B: stress low temperature Group C: control group Group D: placement without feed/water first 12 hours Group E: placement without feed/water first 24 hours

Stress In The First 5 Days All the baby chicks were of the same breeder flock, 45 weeks old Same egg weight and incubated in the same setter/hatcher machine Pulled at the same time

Stress In The First 5 Days (Temperature Variation ) Age (Days) Group A Group B Group C Group D Group E 1 95*F 80.5* 89.5* 89.5* 89.5* 2 94.1*F 79.7*F 88.7*F 88.7*F 88.7*F 3 93.2*F 78.8*F 87.8*F 87.8*F 87.8*F 4 92.3*F 77.9*F 86.9*F 86.9*F 86.9*F 5 91.4*F 77*F 86*F 86*F 86*F

Stress In The First 5 Days (Body Weight) Age (Days) Group A Group B Group C Group D Group E 1 41.7gr 41.7gr 41.7gr 41.7gr 41.7gr 2 54.2gr 42.2gr 57.6gr 52gr 37.2gr 3 65.6gr 65gr 67.4gr 61.2gr 55.8gr 4 77.9gr 82.4gr 85.6gr 77.9gr 66.5gr 5 101.6gr 99.6gr 129gr 93.2gr 84.3gr

Uniformity

Uniformity C A B D E

Intestine Size E C D A B

FCR Advantage Advantage of 2 points of FCR ($332/ton Feed Cost) Feed Conversion Advantage Cost / Kg. Live Change in Profit $0.0074 Target Live Weight x 2.25 Kg Cost / Bird Change in Profit $0.0165 Number of Birds / Week x 1,000,000 Change in Profit / Week $16,500.00 Number of Weeks / Year x 52 2 points FCR Advantage in Profit: $ 858,000

Thank You Scott Martin SCOTT MARTIN, LLC. scottmartinllc@att.net