The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species ISSN 2307-8235 (online) IUCN 2008: T61530A12507156 Lacerta viridis, Green Lizard Assessment by: Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic et al. View on www.iucnredlist.org Short citation: Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic et al. 2009. Lacerta viridis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2009: e.t61530a12507156. [see full citation at end] Copyright: 2015 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Reproduction of this publication for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorized without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale, reposting or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission from the copyright holder. For further details see Terms of Use. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is produced and managed by the IUCN Global Species Programme, the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership. The IUCN Red List Partners are: BirdLife International; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; Conservation International; Microsoft; NatureServe; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Sapienza University of Rome; Texas A&M University; Wildscreen; and Zoological Society of London. If you see any errors or have any questions or suggestions on what is shown in this document, please provide us with feedback so that we can correct or extend the information provided. THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES
Taxonomy Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Animalia Chordata Reptilia Squamata Lacertidae Taxon Name: Lacerta viridis (Laurenti, 1768) Regional Assessments: Europe Common Name(s): English: Taxonomic Notes: Green Lizard We follow the recent tendency to treat Lacerta viridis and L. bilineata as separate species, but this is only weakly supported by genetic data (Amann et al., 1997; Mayer and Beyerlein, 2002; Arnold et al 2007). The currently accepted taxonomy of the viridis-bilineata complex requires further research (Crochet and Dubois, 2004). Assessment Information Red List Category & Criteria: Least Concern ver 3.1 Year Published: 2009 Date Assessed: December 14, 2008 Justification: Listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, tolerance of a broad range of habitats, presumed large population, and because it is unlikely to be declining fast enough to qualify for listing in a more threatened category. Previously Published Red List Assessments 2006 Least Concern (LC) Geographic Range Range Description: This species ranges from extreme north-east Italy, eastern Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, eastern Austria, and Slovenia, east to Romania, Moldova and southern Ukraine, southwards into the Balkan Peninsula in Croatia (including some Adriatic islands), Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia, Albania and Greece (including some Aegean islands, and excluding the Peloponnese). It is also present in Turkey, where it is largely distributed in the area of Marmara and along the Black Sea coastal region. The species is now extinct in Poland (Bartosz Borczyk pers. comm.). It has been introduced to Kansas in the United States. It is found from sea level up to 2,130m asl. 1
Country Occurrence: Native: Albania; Austria; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Bulgaria; Croatia; Czech Republic; Germany; Greece; Hungary; Italy; Macedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic of; Moldova; Montenegro; Romania; Serbia (Serbia); Slovakia; Slovenia; Turkey; Ukraine Regionally extinct: Poland Introduced: United States 2
Distribution Map 3
Population It can be a common species. Populations at the north-west edge of the species range may be declining, and the populations are fragmented in that area. Current Population Trend: Decreasing Habitat and Ecology (see Appendix for additional information) It is found in bushy vegetation at woodland and field edges, within open woodlands, forested areas and shrubland, hedgerows, and in overgrown areas and cultivated land including orchards. It takes refuge in bushes and burrows. In north-east Germany the species is confined to areas with a mosaic habitats of coniferous forest and sandy open heathlands. The females lay five to 23 eggs in a clutch. Systems: Terrestrial Threats There appear to be no major threats to this wide ranging species. It is locally threatened in parts of its range, especially in the north, by general habitat loss, afforestation of suitable sites and predation by cats. In the northern parts of Turkey, this species is locally threatened by the pesticide use causing the absence of prey and ingestion of pesticide tainted prey. Conservation Actions (see Appendix for additional information) This species is listed on Appendix II of the Bern Convention, and on Annex IV of the European Union Habitats Directive. It has been recorded from many protected areas. There is a need to conserve genetically isolated populations especially in the north of the species range. In Germany, this species is listed on the national red data list as Critically Endangered. Credits Assessor(s): Reviewer(s): Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic, Milan Vogrin, Claudia Corti, Valentin Pérez Mellado, Paulo Sá-Sousa, Marc Cheylan, Juan Pleguezuelos, Hans Konrad Nettmann, Bogoljub Sterijovski, Petros Lymberakis, Richard Podloucky, Dan Cogalniceanu, Aziz Avci Cox, N. and Temple, H.J. (Global Reptile Assessment) 4
Bibliography Amann, T., Rykena, S., Joger, U., Nettmann, H.K. and Veith, M. 1997. Zur artlichen Trennung von Lacerta bilineata Daudin, 1802 und L. viridis (Laurenti, 1768). Salamandra: 255-268. Arnold, E.N. 2003. Reptiles and amphibians of Europe. Princeton University Press., Princeton and Oxford. Arnold, E. N., Arribas, O. and Carranza, S. 2007. Systematics of the Palaearctic and Oriental lizard tribe Lacertini (Squamata: Lacertidae: Lacertinae), with descriptions of eight new genera. Zootaxa 1430: 1-86. Baran, I. and Atatür, M.K. 1998. Turkish herpetofauna (amphibians and reptiles). Republic of Turkey Ministry of Environment, Ankara. Böhme, M., Fritz, U., Kotenko, T., Džukić, G., Ljubisavljević, K., Tzankov, N. and Berendonk, T. 2007. Phylogeography and cryptic variation within the Lacerta viridis complex (Lacertidae, Reptilia). Zoologica Scripta 36(2): 119-131. Çevik, E. and Kumluts, Y. 1999. Lacerta viridis (Lacertidae) Populasyonlarinin. Türkiye'deki Taksonomik Durumu. Tr. J. of Zoology 23 Ek Sayi: 37-46. Council of Europe. 2003. Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats. Group of experts on the conservation of Amphibians and Reptiles. Mälmo (Sweden), 26-27 September 2003. Report T-PVS (2003) 18. Gasc, J.-P., Cabela, A., Crnobrnja-Isailovic, J., Dolmen, D., Grossenbacher, K., Haffner, P., Lescure, J., Martens, H., Martínez-Rica, J.P., Maurin, H., Oliveira, M.E., Sofianidou, T.S., Veith, M. and Zuiderwijk, A. 1997. Atlas of Amphibians and Reptiles in Europe. Societas Europaea Herpetologica and Musée National d'histoire Naturelle, Paris. Godinho R., Crespo E.G., Ferrand N. and Harris D.J. 2005. Phylogeny and evolution of the green lizards, Lacerta spp. (Squamata: Lacertidae) based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. Amphibia- Reptilia 26(3): 271-285. Henle, K. 1985. Ökologische, zoogeographische und systematische Bemerkungen zur Herpetofauna Jugoslawiens. Salamandra: 229-251. IUCN. 2009. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2009.1). Available at: www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 22 June 2009). Kasapidis, P., Provatidou, S., Maragou, P. and Valakos, E.D. 1996. Neue Daten über die Herpetofauna von Lesbos (ägäische Inseln, Griechenland) und einige biogeographische Bemerkungen über die Inseln des nordöstlichen ägäischen Archipels. Salamandra 32(3): 171-180. Krimse, W. 1994. Zur aktuellen Situation der brandenburgischen Smaragdeidechse (Lacerta viridis). Die Eidechse: 2-4. Kumlutaş, Y. 1996. Karadeniz Bölgesi Lacerta viridis (Sauria: Lacertidae) Populasyonlari Üzerinde Taksonomik Araştirmalar. Turkish Journal of Zoology 20: 223-247. Mayer, W. and Beyerlein, P. 2002. Genetische Differenzierung des Lacerta viridis/bilineata Komplexes und von Lacerta trilineata in Griechenland: mitochondriale DNA-Sequenzen. Mertensiella: 52-59. Necas, P., Modry, D. and Zavadil, V. 1997. Czech Recent and Fossil Amphibians and Reptiles. Edition Chimaira, Frankfurt am Main. Nettmann, H.-K. 2002. Die Smaragdeidechsen (Lacerta s.str.) Eine Übersicht über Verwandtschaft und 5
Formenvielfalt. Mertensiella 13: 11-32. Nettmann, H.K. and Rykena, S. 1984. Lacerta viridis - Smaragdeidechse. In: Böhme, W. (ed.), Handbuch der Reptilien und Amphibien Europas, Band 2/I., Echsen II (Lacerta)., pp. 129-180. Aula-Verlag, Wiesbaden. Nöllert, A., Nöllert, C. and Ritter, A. 1986. Einige Beobachtungen zur Herpetofauna der bulgarischen Schwarzmeerküste und Südwestbulgariens (Teil 2 - Die Reptilien). Herpetofauna 8(44): 30-34. Schmidtler, J.F. 1986. Orientalische Smaragdeidechsen: 1. Zur Systematik und Verbreitung von Lacerta viridis in der Türkei. Salamandra: 29-46. Sindaco, R. and Jeremčenko, V.K. 2008. The Reptiles of the Western Palearctic. 1. Annotated Checklist and Distributional atlas of the turtles, crocodiles, amphisbaenians and lizards of Europe, North Africa, Middle East and Central Asia. Edizioni Belvedere, Latina (Italy). Sindaco, R., Doria, G., Razzetti, E. and Bernini, F. 2006. Atlas of Italian Amphibians and Reptiles\\Atlante Degli Anfibi E Dei Rettili D'Italia. Societas Herpetologica Italica - Edizioni Polistampa, Firenze. Sindaco, R., Venchi, A., Carpaneto, G.M. and Bologna, M.A. 2000. The reptiles of Anatolia: a checklist and zoogeographical analysis. Biogeographia 21: 441-554. Strödicke, M. 1995. Die Smaragdeidechse, Lacerta viridis (Laurenti, 1768), in der Mitte und Norden der Tschechischen Republik (Squamata: Sauria: Lacertidae). Herpetozoa: 73-80. Citation Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic, Milan Vogrin, Claudia Corti, Valentin Pérez Mellado, Paulo Sá-Sousa, Marc Cheylan, Juan Pleguezuelos, Hans Konrad Nettmann, Bogoljub Sterijovski, Petros Lymberakis, Richard Podloucky, Dan Cogalniceanu, Aziz Avci. 2009. Lacerta viridis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2009: e.t61530a12507156. Disclaimer To make use of this information, please check the Terms of Use. External Resources For Images and External Links to Additional Information, please see the Red List website. 6
Appendix Habitats (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes) Habitat Season Suitability Major Importance? 1. Forest -> 1.4. Forest - Temperate - Suitable - 3. Shrubland -> 3.4. Shrubland - Temperate - Suitable - 3. Shrubland -> 3.8. Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation - Suitable - 4. Grassland -> 4.4. Grassland - Temperate - Suitable - 14. Artificial/Terrestrial -> 14.1. Artificial/Terrestrial - Arable Land - Marginal - 14. Artificial/Terrestrial -> 14.2. Artificial/Terrestrial - Pastureland - Suitable - 14. Artificial/Terrestrial -> 14.3. Artificial/Terrestrial - Plantations - Suitable - 14. Artificial/Terrestrial -> 14.4. Artificial/Terrestrial - Rural Gardens - Suitable - Conservation Actions in Place (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes) Conservation Actions in Place In-Place Land/Water Protection and Management Conservation sites identified: Yes, over entire range Occur in at least one PA: Yes Research Needed (http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes) Research Needed 0. Root -> 100.2. OLD 3-Research actions 1. Research -> 1.1. Taxonomy 1. Research -> 1.2. Population size, distribution & trends Additional Data Fields Distribution Lower elevation limit (m): 0 Upper elevation limit (m): 2130 7
Population Population severely fragmented: No 8
The IUCN Red List Partnership The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is produced and managed by the IUCN Global Species Programme, the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership. The IUCN Red List Partners are: BirdLife International; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; Conservation International; Microsoft; NatureServe; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Sapienza University of Rome; Texas A&M University; Wildscreen; and Zoological Society of London. THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES