Name: Biology Review: Amphibians NOTE: USE THE SCANNED CHAPTER ON MY WEBSITE, NOT YOUR TEXTBOOK FOR THIS ASSIGNMENT 1-6. Amphibians were the first group of vertebrates to adapt to a land existence. What were three conditions amphibians had to deal with coming on to land and how did they respond to these pressures? (Class lecture) 6 points Condition Adaptation to that condition 7-8. Why are amphibians never completely free of an aquatic life, even though they can survive on land? (See page 804 and Eyewitness: Amphibian pg. 12-13) 9-11. Explain three strategies amphibians use to conserve water. (Eyewitness: Amphibian pg.12-13) 12-15. The skin of amphibians have several unique features; list four. (See page 804 and Eyewitness: Amphibian pg. 6) D. Features of the Circulatory System (See page 805) 16-19. Amphibians are the first animal to have a double circulation, or two separate loops. What is the difference between pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation? BE SPECIFI (continued on next page) Pulmonary circulation
Systemic circulation - Use the reading on page 805 and Figure 40-8 in your text book to help answer 20-26. 20. The adult frog has a (20) chambered heart as opposed to fish, which have (21) 21. 22. The left atrium receives (22) blood from the (23). 23. 24. The right atrium receives (24) blood from (25). 25. 26. Both left and right atria contract at the same time, forcing blood into a single chamber called the (26). Features of the respiratory system (See page 806) 27-30. Amphibians can exchange gases with their environment through a number of ways. Distinguish between pulmonary respiration and cutaneous respiration. Pulmonary respiration Cutaneous respiration In which situation would each type of respiration be used? Features of the digestive System. See page 807 and the diagram 31. Frogs hold onto their prey in two ways. They have two (31) that project from bones in the roof of the mouth and a row of (32) in the upper jaw. 32. 33. A frog s tongue is attached at the (33) of its mouth. (See Eyewitness pg.18-19) 34. Refer to Eyewitness pg. 18-19. Look at the ornate horned frog swallowing that mouse! Why do frogs blink their eyes when they eat? 35. The (35) is a cavity at the posterior end of amphibians through which waste products, eggs, and sperm cells pass through. Features of the external anatomy and sense organs (See page 809) 36. Unlike fish, amphibians have eyelids to protect their eyes against dirt and dehydration. Frogs also have a third eyelid called the (36). 37. Frogs have no external ears (known as pinnae). Instead they have thin eardrums or (37) located on the surface of the skin just behind the eyes.
38. Why is it important that the frog is able to hear well? Features of the reproductive system, growth and development (see pages 810 and 811 and Eyewitness Amphibian pages 33) 39. On male frogs, the inner toes are enlarged into structures called (39) which are used during the breeding season to clasp the female. 40. In frogs, sex has a special term known as (40), whereby the females eggs are fertilized by the male. 41. The series of drastic physical changes that takes place from tadpole to adult frog is called (41). 42-45. What are the changes that a tadpole goes through during its metamorphosis? D. THE HEART DEVELOPS A THIRD CHAMBER, PARTIALLY SEPARATING O2 RICH BLOOD FROM O2 POOR BLOOD 46. Young amphibians are like fish, in that they (A) are gill breathers (B) live partially on land (C) have pectoral fins (D) absorb oxygen from the air 47. The following are typical of amphibians except (A) internal fertilization B) thin, wet, smooth skin (C) webbed feet (D) vegetarian youngsters 48. Amphibians can be found in (A) wet environments (B) dry environments (C) hot environments (D) cold environments (E) All of these 49. Frogs and toads differ from salamanders, in that salamanders have (A) claws (B) lungs (C) gills (D) tails 50. Toads, unlike frogs (A) cause warts (B) eat insects and worms (C) don t lay their eggs in water (D) are better adapted to life on land 51. Frogs survive periodic drying of their ponds by (A) burrowing underground (B) laying dormant eggs (C) decreasing their activity (D) A and C 52. The male frog attracts the female (A) with a box of flies (B) by releasing pheromones (C) with vocal calls (D) by driving a fast car 53. The well developed structure responsible for hearing is the (A) glottis (B) eustachian tube (C) tympanic membrane (D) cloaca 54. To ensure the healthy survival of amphibians, we need to (A) reduce water and air pollution (C) educate ourselves about them (B) preserve key habitat locations (D) all of the above
Notes from the video, The Toadskin Spell For each of the frog or toad species listed below, briefly describe their unique features 1. Titikaka frog 2. Jesus Christ frog 3. Horned toad 4. Tomato frog 5. Caine toad 6. Poison Arrow frog 7. African Clawed frog 8. African Bull frog 9. Gray Tree frog - 10. Marsupial frog 11. Surinam toad 12. Water Holding frog 13. Breviseps 14. African Sun Worshiper 15. Canadian Gray Tree frog 16. Red Eyed Tree frog 17. How can we benefit from frogs and toads? 18. How do amphibians function as indicators of environmental health? 19. Why should we be concerned with declining amphibian populations?