Image courtesy: google.com Improving animal welfare in Europe by Empowering Veterinary Services to comply with OIE international standards First OIE Regional Workshop on Stray Dog population management for Balkan countries (SDB1) Bucharest, Romania 17-19 June 2014 Workshop Report With the financial support of European Commission Germany Romania
Content Acknowledgment...- 3 - List of Acronyms...- 4 - Overview and Conclusions...- 5 - Day by day report...- 9 - Annexes...- 22 - Annex 1 - List of participants... - 22 - Annex 2 Agenda of the SDB1 Workshop... - 24 - Annex 3 - Summary table of the country reports session... - 27 - - 2 -
Acknowledgment The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) deeply thanks the European Commission, Germany and Romania for their significant financial and/or technical support, which was determinant to the success of this First OIE Regional Workshop on stray dog population management for Balkan countries held in Bucharest, Romania, on 17-19 June 2014. The OIE also acknowledges with great satisfaction the commitment of the Balkans countries to embark into a multi-annual process towards the successful control of stray dog population in the sub-region. * * * - 3 -
List of Acronyms AW DG SANCO EC ICAM IZSAM NGO OIE RSPCA SAM Tool SDB1 TAHC VS Animal Welfare Directorate General for Health and Consumers European Commission International Companion Management Coalition Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'abruzzo e del Molise "Giuseppe Caporale" Non-Governmental Organisation World Organisation for Animal Health Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Self-assessment and Monitoring Tool (for Stray dog population management) First Workshop on stray dog management for Balkan countries Terrestrial Animal Health Code of the OIE Veterinary Services Image courtesy: Stanislav Ralchev - 4 -
Overview and Conclusions Presentation Story line In many countries, and in Eastern Europe countries in particular, stray dogs pose serious human health, animal health and welfare problems, such as the transmission of rabies and other zoonotic diseases, pollution (e.g. faeces and noise), biting, traffic accidents and risks to other companion animal species, wildlife and livestock. The illegal trade of puppies can also be considered as a stray-dog related issue. Effective management of stray dog populations should therefore be considered as a priority, and be an integral component of any rabies control programme. The OIE Platform on Animal Welfare for Europe, launched in December 2013, identified stray dog population management as one of the three priority topics of its Action Plan for 2014-2016, together with the transport by land and slaughter of food producing animals. Considering (i) the current worrying situation in the Balkan countries, (ii) the similarities in the socioeconomic, environmental and political impact of stray dogs in these countries, and (iii) the transboundary (or cross-border) dimension of the issue, the Steering Group of the OIE Platform decided that a regional event on stray dog should be organized as soon as possible. The First OIE regional Seminar on stray dog population management (SDB1) took then place in Bucharest, Romania, on 17-19 June 2014. A robust methodology was set up to address the problem in the long-term. A Self-Assessment and Monitoring Tool, mirroring the provisions of Chapter 7.7 of the OIE TAHC, was developed to help countries establish their (current) baseline situation in terms of compliance with OIE standards and measure progress achieved overtime, thanks to the implementation of dedicated national Roadmaps. All national Roadmaps should concur in a sharedvision for the sub-region. Ten countries or territories attended the Workshop: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM), Romania, Serbia, Turkey and Kosovo* 1. Only Montenegro didn t attend. Countries were represented by their OIE National Focal Point on Animal Welfare and a veterinarian working on stray dogs at municipal level. In total, 38 participants attended the Workshop. The main objectives of the SDB1 Workshop were to: Remind the provisions of the OIE Chapter 7.7 on stray dog population control; and present in details the Self-Assessment and Monitoring Tool (questionnaire) based on this Chapter Review National Control strategies on stray dog population and establish a preliminary baseline situation (in terms of compliance with OIE standard) in Balkan countries Identify the key weaknesses/constraints/challenges in implementation of the OIE standards Share best practices of sustainable management of stray dogs in the region Reinforce the coordination between central VS and Municipalities Exchange on a common Vision at sub-regional level and subsequent national Roadmaps to address the problem of stray dogs including its rabies component 1 Kosovo* is not an OIE member country, but was invited being geographically part of the Balkan region and facing the same problem - 5 -
The agenda was organized into lectures, country reports, sharing of country best practices and working group sessions. On Groups, participants were notably requested to identify the key challenges they are facing in implementing stray dog population control measures and to brain-storm on a possible common Vision at sub-regional level. Nota bene - This SDB1 Workshop is part of a comprehensive set of activities on stray dogs carried out under the framework of the OIE Platform, which will also include (i) a campaign awareness on stray dogs and the risk caused by rabies (2014); (ii) a regional OIE seminar for National Focal Point on Communication, with the example of an awareness campaign on stray dogs (2014); and (iii) a regional OIE seminar for National Focal Point on Animal Welfare, where the issue of stray dogs will be also addressed (2015). Main outcomes and outlook 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sixty per cent of the Balkan countries experienced increasing trends in stray dog population over the past years (see Map 1 page 7) and all of them reported rabies in wildlife and domestic animals, except Albania and Kosovo*. This strongly militates for an increased effort in addressing stray dog populations at the level of the whole sub-region. The countries gained a deep understanding on how to use/fill the Self-Assessment and Monitoring Tool (SAM Tool) developed by the OIE and IZSAM. All countries welcomed the Tool and agreed to use it to (i) establish their baseline situation (2014); and (ii) to monitor their progressive compliance with OIE standard on stray dog population control on a regular basis. The workshop allowed countries establish their baseline situation on stray dog control (to consolidate on the basis of the Self-evaluation Tool) and to understand the bottlenecks and gaps to sustainably address the issue in line with OIE standards. The main common challenges are listed in section 3. Irresponsible dog ownership seems to be a major challenge. The countries agreed on a shared Vision at sub-regional level to become compliant with OIE standard on stray dog population control by 2025, thereby implying that the stray dog population is reduced to an acceptable level and the risk of transmission of rabies and other zoonoses to humans through stray dogs is mitigated. The countries committed to develop national Roadmaps, which will provide a pathway towards achieving the sub-regional Vision stated above, based on realistic activities, timelines and indicators. National Roadmaps will require collaboration and cooperation among all interested parties for their development, implementation and monitoring. The countries strongly supported to have (regional) SDB Workshops on a regular basis; they proposed to hold them every two years (provided funding is available) under the framework of the OIE Platform, to review (i) the advancement in the implementation of their national Roadmap; and (ii) the progress achieved in terms of regional Vision. - 6 -
7 The countries all requested external aid to support the implementation of their (future) national roadmaps. While the needs will be further refined when using the SAM Tool, the list already includes best practices sharing, trainings, and technical advices. The OIE Platform will explore options to address those needs in collaboration with Partners and stakeholders in the region. Map 1 Evolution in stray dog population over the past years: Next steps The following steps were agreed: 1 2 3 [countries] To establish national baseline situation for 2014 using the Self-Assessment and Monitoring Tool for stray dog control, based on currently available data. The web-based version of the Tool will be available for countries by the end of September 2014; countries will have one month to fill it. [countries] To develop national Stray Dog Roadmaps, drawn from the baseline situation established through the SAM Tool. Priority activities should include (i) the estimation of national stray dog population (counting survey for instance); (ii) the identification of the sources of stray dogs; and (iii) a review of the national legal framework on stray dogs with all interested parties. [OIE and partners] To provide information and capacity building activities to support the implementation of national Stray Dog Roadmaps according to priorities identified for the subregion. The OIE Platform will notably stimulate sub-regional dialogue on stray dogs, organize and/or coordinate capacity building activities and post best practises/ material on its website. - 7 -
4 [OIE] To organize the SDB2 Workshop in June 2016 (provided funding is available), to support Balkan Countries in the implementation of their national Roadmaps and to monitor their implementation and the progressive compliance with OIE standards. - 8 -
Day by day Report DAY 1-17 JUNE 2014 - Chaired by the European Commission (Dr P. Dalla-Villa) Inauguration and opening The Workshop was officially opened by the OIE Delegate and Chief Veterinary Officer of Romania, Dr Cristian Duicu underlining the importance of stray dog population control for his country, considering the recent legislative amendments and the challenges faced to implement them in practice. Dr Duicu thanked the OIE for choosing his country to organise this first and important activity of the OIE Platform on Animal Welfare for Europe. He stressed that Romania will support and actively participate in all activities of the Platform, which will take place in Balkan countries. On behalf of the European Commission DG SANCO, Dr Paolo Dalla Villa welcomed all participants and reiterated the importance of the stray dog population control and the difficulties faced by the EU member states from Eastern Europe. He highlighted the current absence of any EU legislation on the welfare of dogs, except during transport in connection with an economic activity, and reminded that their protection remains the sole responsibility of the Member States. In this respect, he acknowledged the critical importance of the OIE international standards on stray dog population control. He also expressed satisfaction of the launching of the OIE Platform on Animal Welfare for Europe and underlined the continuous financial support by the EC to its first 3 years Action Plan. Finally, he informed the participants about the ongoing EC study on the welfare of dogs and cats involved in commercial practices, which is expected to be finalised by 2015 Representing the World Organisation for Animal Health, Prof Nikola Belev welcomed the participants on behalf of the OIE Director General, Dr Bernard Vallat. He stressed on the importance of the OIE international standards on animal welfare and in particular those for stray dog population control laid down in the Terrestrial Animal Health Code Chapter 7.7. He reminded the objectives of the Workshop and acknowledged the main financial contribution of the European Commission, Germany and Romania. Session 1 Setting the scene OIE achievement on Animal Welfare (Dr Tomasz Grudnik - OIE Headquarters) The Office International des Epizooties was initially created in 1924 it became the World Organisation for Animal Health in 2003 but kept its historical acronym OIE to ensure transparency of the world disease situation (including zoonoses). The OIE members mandated the organisation to take the lead internationally on animal welfare by developing scientifically based international standards and to support its member countries for their implementation. Animal Welfare was recognised for first time as a priority in the 3 rd OIE Strategic Plan 2001-2005. After a Resolution of World Assembly in 2002 leading to the creation of permanent Working Group on AW, the first animal welfare standards were adopted in 2005. Since then, the OIE organised three Global Conferences on AW and elaborated nine animal welfare standards for terrestrial animals and three for aquatic animals. The OIE is also implementing a rich capacity building program including regular Workshops for OIE National Focal Points on Animal Welfare and the Improved - 9 -
Animal Welfare Program for experts from Veterinary Services. The Implementation of Regional Animal Welfare Strategies is strongly supported by the OIE in order to assist different regions to comply with the OIE standards considering their economic, cultural, religious and other specific aspects. In Europe, Member countries decided firstly to develop an operational Action Plan, keeping the option to develop a regional Strategy at a later stage. Link to the presentation: http://217.19.49.202/fileadmin/doc/eng/sdb_1/oie_achievements_on_aw.pdf OIE Platform on Animal Welfare in Europe (Dr Stanislav Ralchev - OIE SRR Brussels) The Concept Note of the OIE Platform on Animal Welfare for Europe was adopted during the 81 st OIE General Session in May 2013, taking into account the outcomes of the 25 th Conference of the OIE Regional Commission for Europe held in Germany in September 2012. The Steering Group of the Platform comprises representatives from OIE Headquarters (Chair), OIE RR and SRR from Europe, European Commission, 3 non EU member countries (Serbia, Russia and Turkey), 2 EU member countries (Ireland and Spain), OIE Collaborating Centre on Animal Welfare for Europe (IZSAM in Teramo) and France (representing the donors). During the First meeting of the Steering Group held in December 2013 in Paris, a 3 year Action Plan covering 2014-2016 was adopted. The ultimate objective of the Action Plan is to improve the animal welfare in Europe by empowering the Veterinary Services to take actions to comply with the OIE Standards on animal welfare. The Action Plan, focussing on stray dog control, transport and slaughter of farm animals, comprises a list of key activities that includes: creation of website of the Platform; translation of documents in Russian language; organisation of Workshop (s) on stray dog population control; organisation of an awareness campaign on stray dogs; organisation of Training (s) on transport and slaughter; organisation of Training (s) on transport; production of a Newsletter ; organisation of meetings of the Steering Group twice a year. The second meeting of the Steering Group was held in May 2014 in Moscow to discuss and endorse activities scheduled in 2014. The OIE Platform on Animal Welfare and achievements will be presented during the 26 th Conference of the OIE Regional Commission for Europe in Bern, in September 2014, two years after its creation. Link to the presentation: http://217.19.49.202/fileadmin/doc/eng/sdb_1/oie_aw_platform.pdf OIE Animal Welfare Standards on stray dog population control (Dr Tomasz Grudnik - OIE SRR Brussels) In May 2006, the OIE recognised the importance of providing guidance to members on humane methods of stray dog population control and decided to dedicate a specific animal welfare standard to this important topic. In 2009, the Chapter 7.7 on stray dog population control is unanimously adopted. Chapter 7.7 provides comprehensive guidelines and proposes a holistic approach to stray dog control. In the standard, euthanasia of dogs is recognized just as one of the many possible measures for dog population control, to be used in combination with other measures since it is not efficient when used alone. The OIE indeed highlights the importance of controlling dog populations without causing unnecessary animal suffering. The standard also puts the Veterinary Services in coordination with other competent public institutions and/or agencies in the fore front in this field given their leading role in preventing zoonotic diseases and ensuring animal welfare. Dog population management is considered as an integral part of rabies control programs. - 10 -
Link to the presentation: http://217.19.49.202/fileadmin/doc/eng/sdb_1/oie_chapter_7.7_on_stray_dog_population_control.pdf Presentation of the Self-Assessment and Monitoring Tool for stray dog population control (Dr Shanis Barnard - IZSAM Teramo) The leading role of the Instituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale G. Caporale in Teramo, Italy as an OIE Collaborating Centre on Animal Welfare was underlined. A short overview of on-going projects (e.g., CALLISTO, Caro Dog, Caro Cat and others), scientific and practical achievements in the field of stray dog population control were presented. The OIE Self-Assessment & Monitoring Tool (SAM Tool), jointly developed by OIE and IZSAM Teramo, was presented in depth. The tool strongly reflects Chapter 7.7 on stray dog population control of the TAHC and includes 4 following sections: (i) understanding the situation; (ii) control measures; (iii) monitoring and evaluation and (iv) conclusions and future needs. At the end of each section, the level of compliance of the country with the OIE Chapter 7.7 can be estimated, having three options: (i) non-compliance; (ii) partial compliance; and (iii) full compliance. The aim of the SAM Tool is to set up the baseline situation at national level and measure progress achieved overtime. Link to the presentation: http://217.19.49.202/fileadmin/doc/eng/sdb_1/m_e_tool_izsam_teramo.pdf Session 2 Country reports General Overview The session provided a better understanding of the complexity of stray dog population control in each of the 10 Balkan countries. The majority of countries reported trends of increasing of stray dog population (except FYROM and Kosovo* where trends for decreasing were observed and in Romania and Bulgaria where trends remain unchanged least 3 years). In most of the countries, rabies is present in animals (except in Albania and Kosovo*); mostly in wildlife with some sporadic cases in domestic animals (cases from stray dogs were not mentioned). The main source of stray dogs is from abandoned owned dogs that reproduce freely due to irresponsible dog ownership. The session on country presentation initiated broad discussion and showed that the whole group of countries, despite their different level of compliance with the relevant OIE Standards, are facing similar challenges and welcomes external aid and cooperation to address them. A table summarizing country situations is available in Annex 3. Country report of Albania (Dr Lindita Papa) The increasing stray dog population poses serious concerns in terms of: (i) bites and transmission of zoonotic diseases to humans; (ii) barking noises (mostly at night); and (iii) road accidents. National authorities have difficulties to determine the exact number of stray dogs in the country. Some external aid projects for castration and vaccination of dogs give good results in Tirana and Dures. A regulatory framework for stray dog population control exists only in the capital city of Tirana. The Veterinary Medicine Faculty and municipalities are playing the main role in stray dog population control program. Various control measures are applied, including euthanasia when dogs pose a risk to humans. The strategy consists of: (i) citizens education and awareness; (ii) identification, catching, transport of dogs to shelters; and (iii) sterilization and vaccination of dogs. Monitoring and evaluation is not implemented satisfactorily. Control of stray dog population needs to be improved to achieve the desired results. The following weak points - 11 -
were identified: (i) lack of experience; (ii) logistical deficiency; and (iii) lack of financial resources. External aid to address identified these weak points is welcomed. Link to the presentation: http://217.19.49.202/fileadmin/doc/eng/sdb_1/country_report_-_albania.pdf Country report of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Dr Inga Dujmovic) Increasing stray dog population was observed in the country over the last 3 years. The Animal Welfare Act adopted in 2009 has no kill orientation. The country doesn t have a proper central database allowing dog identification and registration. Data on the size of the stray dog population are lacking. However, the main sources were identified as follows: (i) uncontrolled breeding, (ii) dogs without owners; and (iii) owned dogs that roam freely. Rabies is present in the country despite a decrease in the number of cases observed in 2014. Municipalities perform stray dog vaccination campaigns, but due to budgetary constraints, the vaccination coverage is insufficient. A variety of control measures is implemented, including euthanasia (for dangerous dogs). Monitoring and evaluation is performed at different levels (municipalities, shelters, veterinarians), mainly focussing on stray dog population size, welfare conditions, prevalence of zoonotic diseases in animal and human population, and responsible dogs ownership. The country considers that the steps initiated so far go in the right direction and are in compliance with OIE standards; however external aid is welcomed to address the following weak points: (i) lack of social empathy; (ii) insufficient public awareness; and (iii) lack of a central and unique database for dogs. Link to the presentation: http://217.19.49.202/fileadmin/doc/eng/sdb_1/country_report_- _Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.pdf Country report of Bulgaria (Dr Petya Ivanova) An adequate regulatory framework is in place. Trends in stray dog population remain unchanged over last 3 years. The main identified sources of stray dogs are: (i) unwanted pet animals; (ii) non-castrated animals; and (iii) illegal trade. Municipalities are playing a key role in stray dog population control with as general objective to reduce its size. Different stakeholders are involved in this complex process having well-defined responsibilities and competencies in accordance with the national legislation. Rabies is present in the country and the vaccination of dogs is mandatory. A broad spectrum of control measures is implemented. Euthanasia is allowed only for sick and aggressive animals, under strict and well regulated conditions. Monitoring and evaluation is performed on a monthly basis, covering the following aspects: size of the population, welfare conditions, zoonotic disease prevalence and responsible dog ownership. The main weak point is the lack of financial resources. Link to the presentation: http://217.19.49.202/fileadmin/doc/eng/sdb_1/country_report_-_bulgaria.pdf Country report of Croatia (Dr Branka Bukovic Sosic) The country doesn t have a proper estimation of stray dog population size. However, stray dogs are not considered to pose a problem for the population. Stray dogs come from owned and abandoned dogs. The national legislation is in line with the OIE Standards. The responsibilities and competencies of the different actors involved in stray dog population control are well defined. Rabies is present only in foxes. Control - 12 -
measures are implemented; euthanasia can be implemented under certain conditions (including for stray dogs transferred to shelters if they stay more than 60 days). Monitoring and evaluation, involving different authorities, is carried out. The major weak points include the lack of estimation of the size of stray dog population as well as of human and financial resources. Link to the presentation: http://217.19.49.202/fileadmin/doc/eng/sdb_1/country_report_-_croatia.pdf Country report of FYROM (Dr Dimitar Terzievski) Stray dog population control is a challenge for public authorities. The main risks relate to public health and safety. The Food and Veterinary Agency (FVA) is performing stray dog s surveys in the main 4 towns of FYROM. Decreasing trends in stray dog populations are observed in Skopje since 2010. However, data at national level are not available. Irresponsible dog ownership is considered as the main sources of stray dogs. National legislation, recently revised, is now in line with OIE standards. There is no National Strategy for stay dog control, since it is under the responsibility of the different municipalities; they are in charge of implementing control measures, which can include euthanasia under well-defined conditions (sick or aggressive animals; dogs staying more than 30 days stay in shelters). FVA has only a supervision and enforcement role. Rabies is present in the country. Monitoring and evaluation is performed mainly in Skopje and focussing on the size of stray dog population. The lack of implementation and enforcement of the existing legislation was identified as the main weak point. External aid is welcomed. Link to the presentation: http://217.19.49.202/fileadmin/doc/eng/sdb_1/country_report_- _FYR_of_Macedonia.pdf Country report of Greece (Dr Evangelia Pateli) Stray dogs pose a serious problem in Greece with regards to urban environments. Increasing stray dog population is observed in areas of low economic status. The number of stray dogs is estimated by means of capture and registration at local level; however, numbers of owned and stray dogs at national level are considered as not reliable. Stray dogs mainly come from owned dogs that have been abandoned and reproduce freely. Rabies is present in the country since 2012, after a period of freedom. Control measures are implemented by municipalities with no harmonised strategy at national level. Chemical euthanasia is implemented only in case of sick or dangerous dogs. Monitoring and evaluation is performed at municipal level. The pressure received from various animal welfare groups that are unaware of public health issues is a problem as they influence national policies. Main weaknesses include: (i) lack of a uniform policy of the Mediterranean countries for the control of zoonotic disease (e.g. Leishmaniasis and rabies); (ii) no financing from the EU; (iii) no cooperation between countries to press down illegal transport of animals; and (iv) lack of human and financial resources. Link to the presentation: http://217.19.49.202/fileadmin/doc/eng/sdb_1/country_report_-_greece.pdf Country report of Romania (Dr Adina Ciurea) - 13 -
Stray dogs pose a problem in Romania. They mostly come from abandoned dogs and the story could be traced back to the early 80 s when massive demolition of homes was performed in Romania and many owners abandoned their dogs. Over the last 3 years, a constant number of stray dogs was observed. After the death of a 4-year boy in 2013 bitten by a stray dog, Romania amended the legislation for stray dog control with the main objective to reduce the stray dog population. The new legislation imposes: mandatory identification and registration of dogs of all dogs, rabies vaccination for all the dogs, mandatory sterilization of all common breed dogs, rules for possession of dangerous or aggressive dogs, registration of kennels, minimum conditions to be fulfilled by the stray dog shelters. Euthanasia is performed in case of incurably ill dogs and when dogs stay more than 14 days in shelters. Each service dealing with stray dog management should develop and implement an action plan on the basis on the national legislation. A unique database for dog registration was created by the College of Veterinarians, which will be soon fully operational. The National Sanitary Veterinary and Food Safety Authority monitors the implementation of control measures and inspects each shelter at least once a year. A considerable challenge for Romania is to educate the population to take care of their companion animals properly and prevent their abandon. External aid is needed to: (i) promote long distance adoptions and the adoption of dogs kept in shelters; and (ii) ensure more financial support for identification, registration and sterilization of dogs in the rural area. Link to the presentation: http://217.19.49.202/fileadmin/doc/eng/sdb_1/country_report_-_romania.pdf Country report of Serbia (Dr Ivana Lazic) The size of the stray dog population has slightly increased in the last years and poses serious risks linked to: animal and public health and welfare concern, pollution (e.g. faeces and noise and socio-economic problems at municipality level. The main sources of stray dogs are abandoned owned dogs and un-owned dogs while lack of sustainable policy and financial resources are main reason for inappropriate stray dog management. The legal framework and the control measures it contains are in line with OIE standards; euthanasia is allowed respecting well defined procedures. Rabies is present in the country only in wild life (red foxes) with significant decreasing as a result of continuous oral rabies vaccination, but was never recorded in urban areas. Efficient dog identification (which includes stray dogs) and rabies control program is in place. Monitoring and evaluation of stray dog management is mandatory for local governments. The main weak points include: (i) lack of commitment among all stakeholders; (ii) insufficient human and financial resources; (iii) unsustainable stray dog management strategy; (iv) absence of awareness programme; and (v) inappropriate sharing of responsibility and involvement of all interested parties. Link to the presentation: http://217.19.49.202/fileadmin/doc/eng/sdb_1/country_report_-_serbia.pdf Country report of Turkey (Dr Orhan Aylan) A significant increase in stray dog populations is observed, which poses a problem for central and local authorities. Un-owned dogs that reproduce freely are considered to be the main source of stray dogs, despite that a significant number is also coming from owned dogs. The existing legislation dealing with stray dog population control is adequate. Stray dog management is under the responsibility of local authorities. Rabies is present in the country and stray dogs pose a risk for its transmission to humans. There is no Control Strategy at national level. Euthanasia is not practiced in general. The main week points include: (i) lack of revision and implementation of existing legislation; (ii) insufficient number of - 14 -
veterinarians at local level; (iii) inaccurate estimation of stray dog population; (iv) lack of responsiveness of municipalities to stray animals; and (v) insufficient cooperation with NGOs. External aid would be needed to: (i) develop national rabies projects in line with the One Health concept; (ii) develop stray dog management projects (with possible EU support); and (iii) ensure appropriate level of financial support (from outside sources). Link to the presentation: http://217.19.49.202/fileadmin/doc/eng/sdb_1/country_report_-_turkey.pdf Country report of Kosovo* (Dr Nol Kabashi) Stray dogs pose a problem in Kosovo* despite decreasing trends observed over the last 3 years. The main sources of stray dogs are irresponsible dog ownership and uncontrolled reproduction. No rabies was observed in Kosovo*. Control measures include castration and sterilisation or stray dogs; this may be implemented for owned dogs as well in the future. Euthanasia is practiced only for sick animals. Monitoring and evaluation is performed by carrying out regular inspections. However, stray dog population control measures need to improve. The following weak points were identified: (i) low level of communication with some municipalities; and (ii) insufficient level of trainings for castration and sterilisation of private veterinarians. Link to the presentation: http://217.19.49.202/fileadmin/doc/eng/sdb_1/country_report_-_kosovo.pdf Session 3 Identification of key challenges Working Group Session Identification of key challenges (work in two working groups of 5 countries) Following the discussions held during the country reports and working group sessions, countries agreed on the following list of key challenges that hamper the proper control of stray dog populations: Insufficient data collected and demographic surveys conducted to understand the situation with stray dogs and population trends (including rabies cases via stray dogs) Unidentified or non-precisely identified source of stray dog population Lack or insufficient level of identification and registration of dogs Insufficient legal framework and level of enforcement with clearly defined responsibilities and competencies Insufficient coordination between the different authorities involved in stray population control Lack of national strategies (with notably sufficient guidelines and instructions for municipalities) Insufficient expertise, competencies at the local level Insufficient human and financial resources assigned to stray dog population control Insufficient level of promotion of responsible ownership placing more responsibility on dog owners and making them aware of the relevant legal requirements Insufficient balance between educations vs. sanctions DAY 2-18 JUNE 2014 - Chaired by the VS of Romania (Dr C. Duicu and Dr A. Ciurea) - 15 -
Session 4 Addressing challenges Topic 1 Designing a modern legislation on stray dogs General presentation of Topic 1 (Dr Stanislav Ralchev / OIE SRR Brussels) There is not a universal legislation that could apply for all countries. Legal texts should exist only if there is a need to address specific problems and as such, they should contain technical solutions tailored to these problems. According to the OIE, veterinary legislation is a pillar of the good veterinary governance and should cover the veterinary domain as described in the OIE TAHC, including of course animal welfare. The difficulty with the stray dog legislation is that it falls under the responsibilities of different Competent Authorities as it relates to Public Security (Ministry of interiors and therefore municipalities) and Veterinary Public Health (Veterinary Services in most cases), not to mention Ministry of Justice for the enforcement of penalties (the juridical status of animals should in particular be described). As more than one Competent Authority is involved, a clear delineation of responsibilities among them as well as a reliable system of external coordination and cooperation should be in place to ensure consistency in the application of the stray dog legislation and related regulatory acts. As far as Veterinary Public Health is concerned, the stray dog legislation should include provisions in line with Chapter 7.7. of the OIE TAHC (it is notably recalled that OIE recognizes euthanasia of dogs as a possible control measure but only if combined with other control measures and implemented in a humane manner ); the TAHC serves as unique reference both for EU and non-eu member countries as the EU does not have a legal framework specific to stray dog population control. The process of drafting/modernising stray dog legislation is complex and should include first a detailed analysis of all existing texts in the matter, under the Veterinary Services and other Competent Authorities responsibilities. The process should also make sure to involve all interested parties, including NGOs when relevant. The OIE is providing continuous support to its member countries to comply with the OIE international standards and in particular to modernize their veterinary legislation accordingly, using the Veterinary Legislation Support Programme of the OIE PVS Pathway. Link to the presentation: http://217.19.49.202/fileadmin/doc/eng/sdb_1/topic_1_- _Designing_a_modern_legislation_on_stray_dogs_-_OIE.pdf Country experience on Topic 1 (Dr Ilie Maximilian Dragan - Romania) Romania has a specific legislation for stray dog population control since 2001. In the autumn of 2013, the death of a 4-year old boy, fatally injured by stray dogs, led to massive protests and high public pressure in Bucharest. This event triggered the amendment of the legislation with new elements including: (i) better management of shelters; (ii) euthanasia for dogs staying more than 14 days in shelters; (iii) compulsory identification, registration and sterilisation of all dogs; and (iv) creation of national database collecting this information. In addition, (v) a national register for owned and stray dogs was created as well as (vi) an animal police Department to control the process. A National Action Plan for stray dog management was also developed. Agreements with NGOs are currently being developed. Raising public awareness is an important component of the communication strategy, which targets different groups in the population. Link to the presentation: http://217.19.49.202/fileadmin/doc/eng/sdb_1/topic_1_- _Designing_a_modern_legislation_on_stray_dogs_-_Romania_compressed.pdf - 16 -
Topic 2 Identifying the source of the problem (stray dogs) General presentation on Topic 2 (Dr Alexandra Hammond-Seaman - RSPCA) RSPCA was created in 1824 and is the oldest animal welfare organisation; it is a charity and receives no government funding. The organisation has four scientific departments dealing with companion, farm and laboratory animals and wildlife and focuses its activities in East Asia, Africa and in Europe. RSPCA is notably very active in Central and Eastern Europe. In 2008, RSPCA together with other partners established the Western Balkan Veterinary Network aiming to improve animal welfare in the region. Estimating the number of stray dogs and identifying their main sources are crucial preliminary steps to design a proper stray dog management strategy. Many factors influence the size of stray dog populations, which need to be identified and analysed. ICAM developed a humane dog population management guidance 2, which includes a monitoring and evaluation tool. The tool measures the impact of implemented interventions. Methods of measurements includes: street surveys, direct observations, questionnaires, participatory methods, secondary surveys and clinic records. The choice of methods depends on the ratio of owned vs. un-owned dogs. Recommended indicators for measuring the reduction in population density and in population turnover were presented as part of the monitoring and evaluation process. Link to the presentation: http://217.19.49.202/fileadmin/doc/eng/sdb_1/topic_2_- _Identifying_the_source_-_RSPCA.pdf Country experience on Topic 2 (Dr Mitja Sedlbauer Slovenia) Several key tools of the Slovenian abandoned dog management system were presented: abandoned animal policy, mandatory registration (register and ID system) and promotion of responsible dog ownership. Registration of dogs includes microchiping with Slovenian ID by approved vets who perform vaccination against rabies and enter data in the central registry of dogs. The register contains rich data related to the dog, its health status, owner s contact details and history of attacks to humans. In accordance with the Animal Protection Act, municipalities have obligations to: establish shelters on their territory; establish agreement with existing shelters; and allocate fund for the public service and cooperation with NGOs. Shelters should report on regular basis to municipalities and Competent Authorities. Municipalities are responsible for dogs with no owner. Euthanasia is allowed after a 30-day stay in shelter with no interest for adoption. Promotion of responsible dog ownership includes different campaigns, publications, TV spots and individual notifications. However, cooperation with private companies, NGOs and municipalities is difficult. Future plans will focus on imposing local tax and reinforce police competencies to control of microchips. Link to the presentation: http://217.19.49.202/fileadmin/doc/eng/sdb_1/topic_2_- _Identifying_the_source_-_Slovenia.pdf Topic 3 Improving the level of coordination at national level (with focus on the relation Central VS Municipalities) 2 http://www.icam-coalition.org/downloads/humane_dog_population_management_guidance_english.pdf - 17 -
General presentation on Topic 3 (Dr Laurianne Tavernier France) In France, the population of dogs and cats is respectively of about 7,5 and 11 million. Stray or lost animals are estimated to amount to 1 per 250 inhabitants per year. Municipalities are responsible for stray dog population control. Due to deficiency of territorial shelter network and mayors knowledge about the legislation, a practical tool (guidelines) was developed and disseminated at national level. Shelter management procedures and all relevant standards are described in these guidelines. Once an animal is accepted in a shelter, its stay is of 8 days maximum with 3 options to exit: to be returned to the owner; to be hosted in an animal rescue centre; or to be euthanized. Improving the level of coordination with municipalities is a complex process that includes: wide communication, sharing of materials, guidelines and best practices and regular control. Link to the presentation: http://217.19.49.202/fileadmin/doc/eng/sdb_1/topic_3_- _Improving_coordination_-_France.pdf Country presentation on Topic 3 (Dr Petya Ivanova Bulgaria) Due to the complexity of stray dog population control, a multi-stakeholder approach is needed. To be successful, clear responsibilities and coordination procedures should be laid down and implemented in accordance with the OIE TAHC. Requisites for the good coordination include direct contact and group activities between the AW department and municipalities. It is a long term process which needs to be continuous and include different activities such as: round tables, discussions, trainings, practical exercises, sharing of best practices and feedback. Coordination procedures contribute to improving the legislation, identifying gaps, developing guidelines and standard operating procedures. Coordination is essential when: organising awareness campaigns, promoting responsible dog ownership, carry out control and enforcement, organising education campaigns at different levels, and controlling animal markets. Regular monitoring - preferably on a monthly basis - should be done using well-defined indicators. Main weaknesses to implement proper coordination come from: insufficient financial and human resources; weak legislation and its enforcement; poor planning; and lack of programme effectiveness evaluation. Link to the presentation: http://217.19.49.202/fileadmin/doc/eng/sdb_1/topic_3_- _Improving_cooperation_-_Bulgaria.pdf Topic 4 - Raising public awareness on stray dogs (and related rabies issues) General presentation of Topic 4 (Dr Alexandra Hammond-Seaman RSPCA) Promotion of responsible dog ownership can significantly reduce the number of stray dogs and the incidence of zoonotic diseases. Overpopulation and overproduction of dogs is linked to human activity and is therefore a societal problem which needs to be addressed as a complex and multifaceted issue. Community engagement is critical when planning and designing an intervention. It is important to know which public attitude and human behaviour to adopt when developing community owned interventions. Raising public awareness on stray dogs needs the creation of multi-stakeholder approach. Education is considered as a basic and very important step starting with children and continuing with citizens of different communities. Interventions could have the following objectives: (i) improve dog welfare; (ii) reduce dog population; (iii) reduce risks to public health; and (iv) improve public perception to dogs and - 18 -
others. There are many different indicators that could measure the public perception. Monitoring and evaluation is important in that respect in order to show the public the impact achieved by relevant interventions. Link to the presentation: http://217.19.49.202/fileadmin/doc/eng/sdb_1/topic_4_- _Raising_public_awareness_-_RSPCA.pdf Country experience on Topic 4 (Dr Budimir Plavsic Serbia) The experience of Serbia in stray dog awareness campaign was demonstrated; in particular, achievements of the national rabies eradication program were presented. As a result of the oral vaccination campaigns of wildlife, rabies cases significantly decreased over the past years. A massive awareness campaign was implemented under an EU funded project on One Health focussing on rabies. A website has been developed (http://www.vet.minpolj.gov.rs/projekti/besnilo/vesti/), gathering all awareness campaign material developed including: leaflets, short interviews, movies and cartoons for children. Link to the presentation: http://217.19.49.202/fileadmin/doc/eng/sdb_1/topic_4_- _Raising_public_awareness_-_Serbia.pdf Topic 5 Communication VS activities on stray dogs to general public Country experience on Topic 5 (Dr Branka Bukovic Sosic Croatia) Communication is important when developing stray dog legislation and when starting its implementation. Good communication on stray dog activities depends on proper skills and knowledge and could be done through: training and education, guides, brochures, leaflets, mass media campaigns and others. Promotion of good dog ownership is a crucial element that is often part of the communication of Veterinary Services to the public. Communication of legislative provisions to municipalities is another challenging issue that needs more attention and continuing efforts. Website is an important tool to communicate Information on the Veterinary Services activities to the general public. Link to the presentation: http://217.19.49.202/fileadmin/doc/eng/sdb_1/topic_5_-_communication_- _Croatia.pdf Country experience on Topic 5 (Dr Sylvia Heesen Germany) Handling of dogs in Germany is well regulated. It is forbidden to abandon pets, to incite one animal against another or to organise animal fights. Owner obligations, such as controlling movements in an outdoor space, are well-defined. Communication activities of Veterinary Services include to: (i) offer personal advice; (ii) control keeping dogs; (iii) order measure necessary to meet animal welfare requirements; and (iv) apply penalties. A person who finds an abandoned or lost animal has the obligation to inform the competent authority. Lost and abandoned animals become strays, if nobody claims for them. Shelters take care of abandoned animals and a rehoming strategy is in place. Euthanasia is allowed under strict conditions described in the animal welfare law. Animal shelters are financed by different sources including: local taxes from the Competent Authority, contributions and donations from private associations or private - 19 -
persons. Shelters and adoption of animals are promoted and communicated by the Competent Authority. Shelters visits exist and are organised with a view to promoting the adoption of stray animals. Link to the presentation: http://217.19.49.202/fileadmin/doc/eng/sdb_1/topic_5_-_communication_- _Germany.pdf DAY 3-19 JUNE 2014 - Chaired by OIE (Prof N. Belev) Session 5 Building a Vision towards sustainable stray dog control in the Balkans Summary Developing a comprehensive stray dog population control strategy in compliance with the OIE Standards (Dr Alexandra Hammond-Seaman - RSPCA) When developing a national stray dog control strategy, a key and basic step is to properly identify the source of the problem. The strategy should have clear objectives linked to a well-defined set of actions, clear impacts and related indicators, a realistic timeline and an appropriate budget. The national Strategy should be developed in consultation with stakeholders on the basis of chapter 7.7 of the OIE TAHC and should include elements such as education, communication, coordination and implementation of action plan at local level, adapted to specific situations. The responsibilities and competencies of the various parties involved should also be well delineated. Monitoring and evaluation is another important element of the Strategy to improve its performance and demonstrate the results achieved. Other important challenges to address when defining a National Strategy include: (i) public attitudes; (ii) political will; (iii) communication and coordination amongst different stakeholders; (iv) enforcement of existing law; (v) infrastructure and resources; (vi) education and trainings at all levels; (vii) outcome indicators to measure impact of stray dog population management; (viii) baseline data collection and others. The website of the ICAM contains much useful information in that respect: www.icam-coalition.org Link to the presentation: http://217.19.49.202/fileadmin/doc/eng/sdb_1/strategy_in_compliance_with_the_oie_-_rspca.pdf Working Group Session exchange on a common Vision at sub-regional level (work in two working groups of 5 countries) Countries agreed on: 1. A common Vision at sub-regional level to be compliant with the OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Code, Chapter 7.7. on stray dog population control by 2025, implying: - the stray dog population is reduced to an acceptable level - the risk of transmission of rabies and other zoonoses to human is mitigated 2. The use of the SAM Tool to measure the progress achieved at national level over every one or two years - 20 -
3. The need for regular coordination Workshops under the OIE Platform (SDB 2, SDB 3 etc.) every 2 years if possible to monitor the progress (using the Self-Assessment and Monitoring tool) and exchange on future actions 4. The development of national Roadmaps to achieve the vision by addressing the identified key challenges; a list of key activities was proposed: A1 - To assess the number of Stray Dogs and identify the source of the problem A2 - To assess current resources, policies, competent authorities and public expectations A3 - To develop appropriate national stray dog control strategy and subsequent action plan (roadmaps) A4 - To establish National Steering Group responsible for the implementation and monitoring of the national stray dog control strategy and subsequent action plan (roadmaps) A5 - To develop legislation in line with OIE standards and best practices A6 - To allocate financial and other resources to implement the national stray dog control strategy and subsequent action plan (roadmap) A7 - To define and promote clear roles and responsibilities of all relevant authorities A8 - To promote the national stray dog control strategy and its goals A9 - To monitor implementation of the national stray dog control strategy A10 - To check milestones and refine the national stray dog control strategy in 5 years (or less if relevant) 5. The use of relevant indicators, to support the situation monitoring overtime; a list of key indicators was proposed: I1 - Dog identification and registration program in place I2 - Dog disease control programs (active and passive) for main diseases (e.g. Rabies, Lyme, Leishmaniasis, Echinococcosis) I3 - Number of stray dogs I4 - Number of stray dogs attacks on humans I5 - Number of shelters and current animal welfare conditions I6 - Number of adopted animals I7 - Awareness campaign in place (number of articles, radio&tv presence, leaflets, workshops, seminars etc.) - 21 -