BASELINE SURVEY: HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MANUAL - PAKISTAN

DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF DECISION SUPPORT TOOLS TO CONSERVE AND SUSTAINABLY USE GENETIC DIVERSITY IN INDIGENOUS LIVESTOCK & WILD RELATIVES BASELINE SURVEY: HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MANUAL - PAKISTAN Collaborating Institutions; http://www.fangrasia.org/ 1 P a g e

GEF Asia Baseline survey: Household Survey Manual - Pakistan Introduction a. Sampling This survey will follow a stratified random sampling method stratified by ownership of chicken or goats and households randomly sampled within each category. In each village, the coordinator will first get the complete list of households and identify which households are owners of the stratified species. The second step is to, randomly (using table of random numbers or website: http://www.random.org/integers/) select the required number of owners and of non- owners of the stratified species. See below for the number of households in each category to be surveyed by village. Five replacement households will also be selected in each category (owners and nonowners) in case a household refuses to participate in the survey. A community leader, or someone else, will be tasked to inform the selected households in advance of the survey and make sure that they are willing and available for the interview For Pakistan the sampling is: Site Village Village number Number of households with stratified species (GOAT) Number of households without stratified species Total number of households to survey Bahawalpur (Site 1) Faisalabad (Site 2) 147 Murad 1 40 15 55 148 Murad 2 40 15 55 176 Fateh 3 40 15 55 244RB Wasiran 1 40 15 55 248RB Dalowal 2 40 15 55 249RB Baloch Wala 3 40 15 55 b. Presentation It is important that the enumerator and supervisor establish good rapport with the person to be interviewed. Below is an example of introduction. Hello. My name is XXX and I come from the YYYY.. I came here to ask you a few questions related to your household, farm activities and livestock if you have any. This work is for research purposes, and the figures you will give me are confidential. This means that we will not publish the data with your name, or give out this information to someone else. Only average data for your village, for example, average land size or herd size, will be reported without reference to your particular household. Your community will indirectly benefit from this work, as we will be able to better understand your situation and what needs to be done- in relation to livestock. If you have any questions, don t hesitate to ask. If not, let s start. c. Household definition 2 P a g e

HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MANUAL After introduction, the task is to define the household which will be interviewed. For this survey, a household is defined as followed: A household is a group of individuals, usually related, that conduct activities (farming and non-farming) together and pool their resources from their activities. They usually cook and eat together. Once the household has been defined, data to be filled in the questionnaire relate to all the individuals in this household. Example: one father with 3 married sons Option 1: the father and wife live with one of their son and his family. They cook and eat together and share resources. The father, his wife, their son and daughter-in-law and grand children constitute one household. When filling in the questionnaire, data on assets, crops, livestock and income etc.. are for these members. Option 2: the father and wife live with all their 3 sons and families, cooking and eating together and sharing resources. All of them (father, wife, 3 sons and daughters-in-law and all the grandchildren) constitute one household. When filling in the questionnaire, data on assets, crops, livestock and income etc.. are for these members- which means that if 2 sons for example work outside the farm, their salaries need to be added up in Table 9.1. d. Coding The code system is as follows: - 1 st digit indicates the type of survey: H for household and M for Market agent - 2 nd digit indicates the country: 1=Bangladesh, 2=Sri Lanka, 3=Vietnam, 4=Pakistan - 3 rd digit indicates the site: (see above) - 4 th digit indicates the village: (see above) - 5 th and 6 th digits indicate the household or market agent number (01, 02, 03 to 55). Replacement households will be coded 56-66. Complete code is therefore a 6-digit code: ABCDEE A = Survey Type, B = Country, C = Site, D = Village, EE = Household/Agent e.g.: The 14 th household in 147 Murad in Bahawalpur is coded as: H41114 The 4 th market agent in Dalowal in Faisalabad is coded as M42204 e. Roles and responsibilities The enumerators and supervisors work in a team to achieve the objective of filling the agreed number of questionnaires; in the most efficient manner (time and resources) in a way to get very good quality data The survey coordinator/ supervisor is in charge of the overall operations. He/ She will: Logistics: 3 P a g e

Oversee the survey operations in all the sites and ensure that the survey program succeeds. Arrange for adequate transport, accommodation etc.. for the survey operations Attend to technical and administrative problems Report on the progress of the survey to the NPD Perform, as the situation will demand, any such duties that will facilitate as far as possible the smooth execution of the survey activities. Data quality: Lead the selection of the households to be surveyed Ensure that the required number of households is surveyed in each village and site Ensure that the unique identifier code is allocated to each household Lead and guide enumerators, ensuring that they are performing their work according to instructions. Review each questionnaire provided by the enumerators, check for any missing information or inconsistencies, and if need be, request the enumerator to go back to the farmer to complete the questionnaire Ensure that all questionnaires are properly edited, accounted for, batched and dispatched to the data entry office Take the GPS coordinates of each household, using the same code as the one used on the questionnaire Ensure that each person taking part in the survey under his supervision carries his/her full load of work and that all work is completed quickly and accurately as specified by this manual. Maintain cordial atmosphere in the team, and with the local communities The roles of the enumerators are to: Visit each household on their list (obtained from the supervisor) and conduct interview each selected household Ensure all questions are addressed and data obtained is of good quality Review the questionnaire with the supervisor and if need be, go back to the farmer to get additional information Provide the final questionnaire as neat as possible to the supervisor Maintain cordial atmosphere in the team, and with the local communities Ethics and rules of conduct of enumerators and supervisors As an interviewer, it is your responsibility to keep completely confidential anything you learn and observe during an interview. Never disclose any facts about anyone you interview to someone else. Respondents should be told that the information they provide will be used in statistical form only and that their names will not be associated 4 P a g e

HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MANUAL with their answers when the data are analyzed. Things You Must Do You must read and intensively study your manual to become thoroughly familiar with its contents in order to do your work efficiently. You must introduce yourself on every visit and explain to the respondent the reason for your visit before starting the interview. You must ask the questions in exactly the same way to each respondent and in the same order in which they are presented in the questionnaire, since, if the interviews are to be comparable the question order needs to be standard from respondent to respondent. You must keep all information received completely confidential. You must make every effort to write legibly, and keep the documents you are working on clean and free from damage. You must attend to all `call-backs' as early as possible, and must be punctual in keeping all appointments made. You are solely responsible for all documents issued to you in connection with the survey, and you must ensure that they are secure at all times Things You Must Not Do You must not solicit or permit any unauthorized person to assist you with your work. No matter how intelligent they are, they will neither have had the training nor the authority to participate in interviewing. You must not combine with the survey work any canvassing for personal gains, religion, political party or any other organization. You should never become involved in religious or political discussions while you are on the job. Description of the questionnaire First page: Fill in the required information related to the identification of the household; location, name of the household head and respondent, and position in the household. You need to interview the person who is in charge of the farm and livestock activities, and who has a good knowledge of the household activities in general. If this person is not available, re schedules the interview. If he/she is not available at all, interview the second most knowledgeable person in the household. Name of the enumerator and date are also recorded. The household identification code (6 digits) is filled by the supervisor. The GPS coordinates are also collected by the supervisor who will provides the values to the enumerator AND record (mark) the location of the household on the GPS unit using the same household code. 5 P a g e

Once the interview is completed, the supervisor and enumerator review the questionnaire together carefully, looking for incomplete tables or sections, or inconsistencies. If need be, the enumerator goes back to the household to collect additional information to allow him/her to complete the questionnaire. Indicate name of supervisor, and date of reviews. Codes are always located after the question or table, in a shaded box for easy identification. If the household is unable to answer (for example the production parameters), put an X. 6 P a g e

HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MANUAL 1. General household characteristics 1.1. Provide the following details about the household head Make sure the details refer to the household head. If the head is the person being interviewed, this information refers to this person. If not, for example you interview the wife or the son; make sure you collect the information not for the person being interviewed but for the household head. Make sure you use codes when appropriate. See each country survey for details on Ethnicity question in Pakistan this question was not answered. 1.2. Who is the farm owner? [ ] 1.3. Who is managing day to day farm activities? [ ] For these 2 questions, use the codes which are located in the box below 1.3 In case of other member, put the code and write the relationship near the question. The term managing day-to-day farm activities means the person who is actually organizing the labor and resources for the activities, like the manager which may be different from the farm owner. For example, if the farm owner is an old man and his adult son makes the day-to-day decision regarding what crops to plant, where to send the animals for feeding, what to give them etc. e.g.: the person managing the farm is the head s niece. Use code 9 and write niece 1.4. Provide the following details about the farmer s house (code): In case there is more than one house, the information relates to the main house - where the head usually resides. For the number of rooms, ask the number of bedrooms and living room in the main house (don t include kitchen, bathroom and toilets and stores). When possible, use your own observations to fill in this table (e.g. construction type). For water we have both the water supply/source (answer using the codes below the table) and the water connection (whether their tap is connected with running water or not). In the absence of a tap in the homestead then the answer for water connection would be N/A = Not applicable. 7 P a g e

1.5. Give details of all household members List all the household members, starting with the head on the first row. A person is considered a member of the household if s/he has spent at least 3 months in the homestead during the last 12 months (see example 1). Include domestic servants and laborers if they live (eat and sleep) there. The following categories of persons are treated as household members even though they have lived less than 3 months in the household during the last 12 months: - infants who are less than 6 months old, - a newly married couple who have been living together for less than 6 months, and, - Persons living together for less than three months but who are expected to live in the household permanently (or for long duration). Persons who have lived in the household for more than three months of the past 12 months but have permanently left the household (e.g. separated or dead) are not considered members of the household for this survey. A vegetarian is someone who does not eat meat or fish (does not include babies who have not started eating yet they would be considered to be the same as their mother, i.e. if she is not vegetarian then the baby is not vegetarian). Make sure you complete filling a row, using codes when applicable. If a person has more than 1 activity, fill in the 2 most important activities. Activity refers to what the person does in general and may not be an incomegenerating activity, for example going to school or being a housewife. Be careful about codes! See example 2. In the last column, indicate number of years of schooling. Example 1: A son lives overseas and sends money regularly to the family. He visits his parents once every 2 years for about 1 month. For this survey, he s not considered a member of the household; don t include him in this table. But make sure you capture the remittances he sent in section 9 on income sources! Example 2: For activity, a child below 5 is coded 11. For children of schooling age (between 5 and 15 approximately), either use code 10 if the child goes to school or 12 is s/he s not going to school. 8 P a g e

HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MANUAL 2.1. Land tenure and land use 2. Farm activities and facilities Specify the unit of land that is most convenient to use. The unit will be used throughout the survey when indicating areas. If you need to use another unit (code 5), specify the unit and the conversion factor into acre (or ha). The farmer may give different units for the answers below, in which case you should convert them to the standard unit given in 2.1 after the interview or when reviewing the questionnaire with the supervisor. 2.1.1. What is the total area of your farm? This is land used for farming: vegetable gardens, crop fields, grazing land, land under fodder and fish ponds. If possible, exclude the land where the house is. Put zero if the household does not own land (land less farmer). Include the land the farmer owns and uses (i.e. rented-in land), but exclude land that the farmer may rent out to other people. Use the unit defined in 2.1 2.1.2. How much of this land area do you own? Indicate area that is owned, using the code defined in 2.1 2.1.3. If you rent in land (or sharecropping) Indicate area that is rented in, using the code defined in 2.1; also indicate how much rent (or value of the harvests) is paid per year. If they give a non-monetary value, e.g. 3 bags of maize, you need to ensure you note down the unit size (e.g. size of bag of rice) and ask the household head, supervisor and/or key informants in the village the approximate value of the quantity (e.g. how much does a 50kg bag of rice sell for). 2.1.4. If you rent out land (or sharecropping) Indicate area that is rented out, using the code defined in 2.1; also indicate how much rent (or value of the harvests) the household is paid per year. As above, try to quantify into local currency the value of the harvest that is paid. 9 P a g e

2.1.5. Do you use any community/ public land for grazing Indicate if community or public land is used for grazing. 2.2. Cropping Pattern This table records the crops grown on the household farm in the last 12 months, by season. Seasons are referred as spring and autumn, use local equivalents, making sure that the other enumerators use the same terms. For Pakistan; spring = mid-oct to mid-apr growing season, autumn = mid-apr to mid-oct growing season. Fill in one crop per row and season, indicating the area (in the same units as defined in 2.1), the main purpose of growing this crop and if/how fed to livestock (either as a fodder crop, or crop residues). Note that a crop can be grown in only one season or during the 2 seasons, and areas can differ. Example: The household grows rice, 0.1 acre during spring and 0.3 acre during autumn (code for area was defined in 2.1). The rice cultivated in spring is for home consumption and the one cultivated in autumn is for both home consumption and sale. Rice straws are fed to livestock throughout the year (2 seasons), to cattle and goat. Crops grown during spring Area Purpose Fed, to which species? Crops grown during autumn Area Fed, to which species? Purpose 2 0.1 1 1,4 2 0.3 3 1,4 2.3. Ownership of Household and Farm Assets. Use code for who owns List all the assets owned by the different members of the household. Refer to Table 1.5., as to who is considered a member of the household. Indicate number owned and the owner, using codes. Code 3 refers to assets that are owned jointly by the household while code 8 to those owned by more than one person but not by all, see example. Make sure all major assets are included; if needed, indicate other assets under other, then specify the type of assets. Example; The household owns one radio, which belongs to the household as a whole; mobile phone belongs to the son and daughter-in law. Household assets Nos. Who owns Radio 1 3 Phone (mobile or land line) 1 8 (son and daughter in law) 10 P a g e

HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MANUAL 3. Livestock Inventory 3.1. Does your household have any livestock? If the household doesn t own livestock (chicken, goat, pig, cattle, etc ), go to section 9 on sources of income. If the household has livestock, fill in the table. Ask about number of animals owned, who owns them, reasons for rearing, and the number kept. If there s a difference between numbers owned and kept, ask the reasons. Do not ask about pigs in areas where they are not found (i.e. Muslim culture) Number owned refer to animals the household own (either through purchase or gift, or born from own animals), and includes young (e.g. chicks, calves) Number of animals kept refers to the total number of animals the household manages on a daily basis, this could be the same, less than or more than the animals owned (see example). Example; The household has 5 goats on the farm; 3 are his own animals while 2 belongs to someone else, who gave these animals to this household following the traditional practice. The animals owned by the household, belongs to the household head that rears to sell them to the market when they are adult. Livestock Number owned Who owns them (code) Reasons for rearing (code -2 max) Number kept If no. kept different from no. owned, why? (code 2 max) Goat 3 1 3 5 3 3.1.1. Does the household keep chicken? If the household keeps chicken, fill in the table. Otherwise, go to the next section. Fill one row per breed, using breed codes provided on a separate sheet. For each breed, record the number of animal kept in each category (cocks for breeding, for meat etc...) List of terms is provided at the end of this manual, please refer to it. In the second column, record the total number of animals and in the last column, the overall reasons for keeping this breed (2 reasons maximum). The number of animals for all the breeds should be the same as the number indicated in table 3.1 under number kept. 11 P a g e

Example: The household keeps 2 breeds of chicken, Desi (RIR x unknown) and Naked neck. They have 1 Desi cock for meat and 2 Desi hens for meat. For Naked Neck, they have 1 hen which is brooding, 2 which are laying and 3 chicks. The Desi chickens are kept for meat while the Naked necks are kept for both meat and eggs. In total, they have 9 chickens. This total figure should always have been recorded in table 3.1 under chicken, number kept Breed Total number Cocks Hens Growers Chicks Reasons for code kept breeding Meat Other, brooding Layers meat Male Female All keeping specify pullet 2 max 7 3 1 2 1 2 6 1 2 3 1,2 3.1.2. Does the household keep goat? Use the same system as for the chicken table and record the number of goat kept by the household, by breed (one row for each breed) and category (e.g. buck). The goat breed codes are provided on the separate breed code sheet. Note there is no category for young female goat include in the Doe (mature female goat) column if post-weaning. The number of animals for all the breeds should be the same as the number indicated in table 3.1 under number kept. 12 P a g e

HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MANUAL 3.2. Breed preferences - only for chicken and goat 3.2.1. & 3.2.2 Chicken / Goat The table is only filled for households who keep chicken / goat. First, list all the breeds the household keeps; add other chicken / goat breeds that the household knows well (very good knowledge of the rearing of this breed, and characteristics). Try first to explain to the farmer the topic of the question and how you would like to capture his preferences for the different breeds for different types of characteristic. You can go through the list of traits one-by-one but try to ask the farmer whether he thinks the trait is important in an open way that makes it clear you only try to understand what he thinks. Refer to the list of terms at the end of this manual for an explanation of technical terms. If the term is important, put a 1 in the second column, and ask the respondent to rank the breeds according to this trait. See example for how to rank (if the respondent says two breeds are equal then they have the same rank, if a 3 rd breed is worse than the top 2 then it would have rank of 3). Ask for their overall preference (ranking): Which chicken breed do you prefer the best. Example: The household keeps 2 breeds of chicken, Aseel and Naked neck. Age of first laying is not very important for them as they mainly rear chicken for meat. High growth rate is important and the Aseel grows faster than the Naked neck (rank 1 for Aseel and 2 for Naked neck). Quality of the meat is also important, and they rank the meat of the 2 breeds the same way (rank 1 for both). Disease resistance is very important, but they are unable to rank the 2 breeds (they just started keeping the Naked neck breed enter X for don t know). Overall, they prefer the Aseel. Traits Is this trait important to you? 1= Yes, 0=No Age of first laying 0 Breed 1, indicate code: 1 Breed 2, indicate code: 2 High growth rate 1 1 2 Quality of meat 1 1 1 (taste, flavor..) Disease resistance 1 X X Breed 3, indicate code: Breed 4 indicate code: 13 P a g e

Overall ranking 1 2 14 P a g e

HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MANUAL 4. Production- chicken and goat only 4.1. Type of production systems Describe the production system, by species and breeds. Management system can change by season, use appropriate codes. For housing system, describe the system used during the day and then at night. If a specific housing structure is used, indicate the construction cost (in local currency) and the year it was built. If Construction built to house multiple breeds then divide cost by number of breeds and enter in each row Lastly, indicate whether the housing structure is used only for this breed/ species (code 0); if not, use the appropriate code. Example: The household keeps 2 breeds of chicken, Aseel (code 1) and Naked neck (code 2). They also keep black Beetal goats (code 1) and black beetal crossed with Teddy goats (code 11). Management system for the Aseel chicken is semi-intensive throughout the year, free ranging during the day and in confined shed at night. The shed was built in 2005 for 2000 (PAK RS) and ducks were also kept there. Management system for the Naked neck chicken is intensive during winter and rainy seasons and semi-intensive during spring and summer. Day and night, they are kept in a large cage, which was built in 2008 for 1000 PAK RS. Only naked neck chickens are kept there. Management system for the Beetal black(code 1) and Beetal black / Teddy (code 8) crossed goats is semi- intensive throughout the year; confined in fenced area during the day and in a confined shed at night. The shed was built in 2006 for 5000 PAK Rs and both types of goats are kept together. Animal type Breed code Spring (Feb Apr) Management system (code) during Summer (May July) Autumn (Aug Oct) Winter (Nov Jan) Housing system (code) If specific housing, indicate day night Construction cost When built (year) Used for other breed/ species? Chicken 1 2 2 2 2 1 4 2000 2005 3 (ducks) 2 2 2 1 1 5 5 1000 2008 0 Goat 1 2 2 2 2 4 2 2500 2005 0 11 2 2 2 2 4 2 2500 2005 0 15 P a g e

4.2. Production parameters 4.2.1. Production parameters for chicken Fill a row for each chicken breed kept by the household. Use the breed code sheet. Refer to the list of terms at the end of this manual for the definition of technical terms. Number died does not include deliberate culling/killing. The time between clutches should be > 1 week (some breeds do not go into brooding phase so need to be careful to confirm the length of a clutch) Provide average for the last 12 months, unless a different duration is specified in the table (e.g. no. of animals that died in the last 3 months). If the household doesn t know, put a X. 4.2.2. Production parameters for goat Use the same system as for the chicken table. The goat breed codes are provided on the separate breed code sheet. 4.3. Exits from the farm, either through death or sale- for chicken and goat This section records exits for chicken and goat. Exits refer to animals that died, were sold or given away. Period of reference is 3 months for chicken and 12 months for goat First ask whether the household had any chicken and goat that died, were sold or given away in the last 3 (chicken) and 12 (goat) months. If yes, tick the Yes box and fill in the table. If not, go to the next section. In the table, record each exit on a separate row. Start with the species code, breed, and then reason for exit, using codes provided. Indicate then the month and the number of animals that exited. Make sure that you fill a row for each event. 16 P a g e

HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MANUAL Example: The household sold one Naked neck chicken and Fayoumi chicken in October 2009. You need to fill 1 st row for naked neck chicken and another for Fayoumi, even though all the other information are the same. (Species, cause for exit, date and number). Species Breed (codes) Cause for exit MM/YY Number of animals slaughtered/ sold/ dead/ given away Chicken 2 7 10/09 1 3 7 10/09 1 Goat 4.4. Entries to the farm, either through birth or purchase- for chicken and goat only Use the same system as for exits. Entries refer to animals that were born on the farm, were purchased, or received as gift. Make sure that you fill a row for each event. In case of purchase, fill in the entire row, making sure you provide the information in the last 5 columns (under if purchased ). Indicate total cost (of all animals in that row/event) in local currency. In other cases (not purchased), only fill the species, breed, type of entry, date and number of animal. Example: 3 Aseel (breed code 1), chicks were born in November 2009. In September 2009, the household got 1 Naked Neck (breed code 2) pullet from a relative as a gift. The household also bought 2 Desi of unknown breed (breed code 7) in October 2009, at the market. Each hen was 1,000 Pak Rs. They bought them from another farmer at the market, with the objective of increasing their flock size. If purchased, or given, specify Species Breed Type of entry MM/YY Number of animals Animal type Price (total) From whom Where bought Reason for purchase Chicken 1 1 11/09 3 2 3 09/09 1 4 5 7 2 10/09 2 3 2,000 1 2 3 Goat 17 P a g e

5. Management- chicken and goat only 5.1. Feeding practices Fill a row for each breed and feed type combination, which means that for each breed, fill in 1 row per feed type. If purchased, fill in the last 5 columns. If not, go to the next row. If purchased, costs refer to the last 3 months for chicken and 12 months for goat. Costs are expressed in local currency. Obviously, there should be at least 1 row for each breed (as animals cannot survive without feed!) Example: Naked Neck (breed code 2) chicken are fed with kitchen waste all year long and food grains during rainy and winter seasons. These feed types are not purchased. The household purchases commercial concentrates all year long. In the last 3 months, they bought from the village shop 10 Kg of concentrates at 100 Pak Rs per Kg. Species Breed Spring/ light rains (Apr-Jun) Own farm- feed type during Summer / dry season (Jul- Aug) Rainy/ heavy rains (Sept- Jan) Winter / dry season (Feb- Mar) Purchased? 1=Yes 0=No Chicken 2 3 3 3 3 0 Goat 2 9 9 0 If purchased- 3 last months for chicken and 12 months for goat Quantity 2 4 4 4 4 1 10 1 100 2 unit Price/ unit where 18 P a g e

HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MANUAL 5.2. Watering practices Fill one row by breed. Indicate how often water is provided, sources of water during the different seasons, and who collects the water, using appropriate codes. If any, indicate cost of water in the last 3 months for chicken and 12 months for goats. Costs are expressed in local currency. 5.3. Animal health practices 5.3.1. Did you use animal health services in the last 12 months? First assess whether the household has used any animal health services in the last 12 months: traditional healer or quack, veterinarian, purchase of animal medicines etc. If yes, tick the Yes box and fill in the table. If not, go to the next section. For chicken, record the animal health services in the last 3 months, and 12 months for goat. Fill one row per service defined as one purchase of medicines, a visit to the veterinarian or to the quack. Costs are in local currency. Example: The farmer s brown beetal goat got sick 5 months ago and the household was able to recognize the disease, although he doesn t know the name. He didn t ask for advice from anyone. He bought the medicines and gave it to the animals. The cost of the medicines was 200 Pak Rs. Chicken Type of services For which breed? Who provided the service? Total costs in local currency Veterinary Professional fees drugs Goat 3 2 1 200 0 5.3.2. What are the 2 most frequent animal health problems that affect your herd/ flock (list most important one first)? By species, list up to 2 most frequent animal health problems, or those that affect most the household herd or flock. If the household is able to give you the name of the disease, or if you are able to recognize the disease, fill in the row disease/ condition. If the farmer doesn t know and/or you are not sure of the disease, fill in the symptoms row. In doubt, fill in the symptoms row. 19 P a g e

Indicate which breed (or breeds) is more affected using the codes. Record the number of diseases events (how many times the herd/ flock was affected) in the last 12 months and whether the animal (s) died, survived or was slaughtered, using the provided codes (if some animals survived and some died enter code for the majority of outcomes). If vaccines are available for that disease, indicate if the household usually vaccinate against that disease. 5.4. Division of labour 5.4.1. Who takes care of the animals? For each species, ask whether the household is engaged in that activity for a normal day like the day before the interview. If No, go to the next activity. If yes, ask who is primarily in charge ( main person ) and how much time s/he takes to perform this activity; record the duration in hour. If s/he spends less than 1 hour, for example 15 min, indicate 0.25. Use approximations! If s/he gives you values which is not hours/day (e.g. I spend 1 hour per week) then note this down and convert to hours / day when reviewing the questionnaire with the supervisor. Use approximations! Use working hours as 8 hours / day or 40 hours / week (probably an underestimation but used as standard) Then, ask if someone else is also engaged in this activity. If no, go to the next row. If yes, ask the same questions as for the main person. Once you ve completed a row, go to the next one. 20 P a g e

HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MANUAL Example: The household head s spouse (female) spends time tending the chickens. She prepares the food, feeds and waters the animals and estimates that in total she spends about 1 hour a day on these activities. Her son (12 years old) cleans out the chicken shed once a week and it takes him about 1 hour Type of activities Done? 1= Yes 0=No If Yes, fill in. If not, go to next activity Main person Chicken Feed preparation 1 2 0.3 Feeding animals 1 2 0.3 Watering animal Caring sick animal Collection of Farm Yard Manure (FYM) Animal shed cleaning 1 3 0.03 Egg collection Marketing of live animals Marketing of eggs Other (e.g. exercising animal) Goat Grazing animal Feed preparation Feeding animals Watering animal Milking Milk processing Caring sick animal Collection of Farm Yard Manure (FYM) Animal shed cleaning Marketing of live animals Marketing of livestock products e.g. meat, manure No hours/ day Second person No hours/ day 5.4.2. Does the household hire labour for chicken or goat activities? Ask first if the household hires labour for activities related to chicken or goat. A hired labourer is someone who is paid to work on the farm. If yes, fill in the table. If no, go to the next section. Fill in the table using one row per hired labourer. First indicate the name (1 st name, usually gender specific), then the unit in which s/he is paid using a code (day, week etc..). In the 3 rd column, indicate the wage (or salaries) per unit, in local currency. 21 P a g e

Indicate for how long the person has worked ( how many units ) in the last 12 months. You may need to convert the wages from what the farmer tells you to per unit. Indicate the percentage of time s/he spent on chicken and goat (i.e. time spent on chicken and goat separately, divided by the total time spent working on the farm) approximate calculations are OK. Indicate whether meal or lodging is provided by the household (on top of the salaries paid). As with previous table you may need to note down all the information and then make the conversion calculations during review of the questionnaire Example: The household hired 2 persons in the last 12 months, one takes care of the goat, the other one helped with the activities related to chicken farming. Nasroo is a full time employee and is paid 4,000 Pak Rs a month. In a normal working day of 6 hours, he spends about 2 hours taking care of the animals (about 33%). He lives with the household, and gets lodging and meals. Jaida was employed for about 4 weeks. He was paid 600 Pak Rs per week, working about half of his time (50%) on chicken. He was not given meals or lodging. Name Unit code Wages (salaries ) per unit How many units in the last 12 months? % time spent on chicken or goat Lodging and meals provided? (1=Yes, 0= No) Nasroo 3 4000 12 33 1 Jaida 2 600 4 50 0 6. Reproduction and breeding 6.1. What are the main Breeding Strategies you follow, fill the information First fill the breeds of chicken and goat kept by the household in the first row, using the codes provided on the separate sheet. Discuss the breeding strategy for each breed (one column per breed) and record the information using the codes provided. The first question relates to whether the breeding method is controlled (someone makes a decision regarding which male and/or female are used for breeding) or uncontrolled (no decision making). If natural breeding (i.e. not artificial insemination), state the reasons for using this method, using codes. 22 P a g e

HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MANUAL In the next rows, record the source of breeding males, then breeding females. Also record who takes decision related to breeding. If the household uses natural and controlled breeding, state the objective of using this method ( objective of controlling ), then the method ( how do you control ). For goat, ask the number of conceptions during the past one year (12 months), per female. For the 2 species, indicate the age (in years) when the breeding male is replaced (i.e. he s no used anymore for breeding), and the reasons. Once you finished filling in the information for one breed, ask the same question for the other breed(s). Then, continue with the next species. Note that technical terms are explained in Annex below. If the household is unable to give you an answer, put X in the cell they could not answer. Chicken Goat Breed code 11 4 Breeding method 1 2 If natural breeding, reasons for using it 2 2 Source of breeding males 1,3 2 Source of breeding females 1 1 Who makes decisions on breeding males? 0 1 If natural and controlled breeding, objective of controlling 1 If natural and controlled breeding, how do you control? 3 For goat, total number of conceptions during past one year (per female) 2 2 Age when breeding male is replaced (years) 5 X Reasons for replacing the breeding male (code) 3 X 6.2. List down the 3 main problems of breeding for each species (breed wise) Start filling in the table by writing the breed codes for the breeds kept by the household (in the first column). Ask the problems or challenges related to breeding. It is likely that the discussion you had with the respondent to fill table 6.1 provided you with some information. 23 P a g e

To identify and rank the problems, you may summarize this discussion and clarify some points. In the Problem 1 column, indicate the most important problem; in the Problem 2 column, the second most important problem, etc.. Once you have finished with one breed, follow the same method for the other breed(s), then species. Example: some households as the one described in 6.1. The discussion could be as follows: For the Beetal / Teddy cross goats, you told me that you are unable to control breeding. Is this a problem? Do you have any other problems regarding breeding of your these goats? The respondent would answer: the fact that I can t control the reproduction of my Beetal / Teddy cross goats is not a problem to me. You would then say: what about your Beetal black splashed goats? What are the problems related to breeding practices? Do you find easily a boar for your females? The answer may be: for my Beetal black splashed goats, my major problem is indeed to find a buck for my females as good quality breeding males are not widely available. My other problem is to control breeding, as sometimes another male (than the one I had planned) mates with my females. Breed Problem 1 Problem 2 Problem 3 Chicken Goat 11 0 4 6 7 6.3. Do you have any costs related to breeding? First, ask whether the household had any costs related to breeding services in the last 12 months? If yes, put 1 in the box & fill in the table. If not, go to the next section. If yes, ask for which species and breeds and fill in the first 2 columns using codes listed on the separate sheet. Then, enquire about the type of service (natural or AI) using codes. Fill in one row by breed and type of service. Fill in average cost by service (in local currency), the number of females served in the last 12 months using this service. In the last column, fill in the total expenses (costs) for that species, breed and type of service in the last 12 months. Note that the total costs may be higher than cost/unit multiplied by number of females served as the household may have had to pay for repeats (on the same animal). Express total costs in local currency, ensuring that these costs refer to the last 12 months. 24 P a g e

7.1. Chicken Do you sell chicken? HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MANUAL 7. Marketing of livestock and livestock products of chicken and goats If the household sold chicken in the last 3 months, tick the Yes box and fill in the table. If not, go to the next section. Fill one row by sale (same breed, animal type, buyer, location, reason for sale, whether other services were provided, who sold and who got the money from the sale). Only include sales in the last 3 months. If part or all payment in-kind try to evaluate value of the payment. Price and weight should be expressed per animal. Prices are in local currency. Example: The spouse of the household head sold one Aseel (breed code 1) adult male chicken (1.00 Kg) and three Naked Neck (breed code 2) chicks (0.25Kg per chick), one month ago for emergency cash requirement for health treatment. The animals were sold to a trader at the farm gate. She didn t get any free advice or service from the buyer. Price was 2,000 Pak Rs the adult male chicken and 500 Pak Rs per chick. Although she s the one who sold the animals, she gave the money to her father-in law. Compared to other periods, the sale during the last 3 months was higher than the yearly average. Breed Animal type Number of chicken sold Price per animal Weight in kg (per animal) To whom did you sell? Where did you sell? Reason for sale Any services provided by buyer? Who sold Who got the money 1 2 1 2,000 1.00 3 1 3 0 2 4 (father in law) 2 3 3 500 0.25 3 1 3 0 2 4 (father in law) Do you sell eggs? If yes, fill the table regarding sale of eggs in the last 3 months. If no, go directly to next section. Fill the information carefully and use appropriate code. 25 P a g e

Price is per egg and should be expressed in local currency. Example: A household keeps Desi (RIR x Aseel) laying hens and they sell 4 eggs per week @ 10 Pak Rs per egg to a trader at the farm gate. They sell eggs every week (so about 12 weeks in the last 3 months). The household head gets the money as a regular income source and he doesn t get any free advice or service from the buyer Breed Number of eggs sold per week How many weeks in the last 3 months? Price/ egg (local currency) To whom did you sell? Where did you sell? Reason for sale Any services provided by buyer? 6 4 12 10 3 1 1 0 1 1 Who sold Who got the money Do you sell any other products from chicken? Ask whether the household sells other products from chicken, for example chicken waste. If yes, fill in the table. If no, go to the next section. Fill in the table for sales in the last 3 months. Fill one row by sale. Total revenues are expressed in local currency. 26 P a g e

HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MANUAL 7.2. Goat Do you sell goat? If yes, tick the Yes box and fill in the table. If no, go directly to the next section. Details in the table refer to sale of live goats in the last 12 months. Fill one row by sale (same breed, animal type, buyer, location, reason for sale, whether other services were provided, who sold and who got the money from the sale). Only include sales in the last 12 months. Price and weight should be expressed by animal. Prices are in local currency. Example: The household head sold one Teddy female goat (25Kg) @ 4,000 Pak Rs. at the market to a trader. The household needed money for son s wedding. The household usually sells their animals to this trader, who provides them with a reliable market. The household head got the money. Breed Animal type Number of goats sold Price per animal Weight in kg To whom did you sell? Where did you sell? Reason for sale Any services provided by Who sold Who got the money buyer? 8 5 1 4000 25 3 2 7 (wedding) 6 1 1 Do you sell goat milk or milk products, or other goat products? If yes, tick the Yes box and fill in the table. If no, go directly to the next section. Details in the table refer to sale of goat milk or other goat products in the last 12 months. Total revenues from sale refer to the revenues in the last 12 months- you may need to ask the farmer whether s/he sells every week, then how many weeks per year. Revenues should be expressed in local currency. 27 P a g e

7.3. Marketing- general information 7.3.1. Do you have any grading method when selling? Grading refers to a method used to assess the weight, size or quality of the products being sold. If the household uses such method, tick the Yes box and fill in the table. If no, go to the next section. Each row in the table should correspond to a grading mechanism being used on a specific product (product- breed- species combination). Example: The household uses weighting scales at the market when selling RIR (breed code 4) chicks. The method has been set up by the farmers association and the household uses it for the last 5 years for all the sales of chicks. Species Breed Products Grading mechanisms used When do you use it? 1 4 5 (chicks) 1 4 (when selling chicks) Any external involvement? Since when do you use it? (year) 2 5 7.3.2. Do you plan to increase the amount of some or all livestock/ livestock products? If yes, tick the Yes box and fill in the table by providing details on the species, breed and products they plan to increase. Ask for the reasons for wanting to produce or sell more, and the method (how they will do it). For the reasons, make sure you get reasons similar to the ones listed in the codes, as explained in the example. Example: The household would like to produce more eggs for the market, using Aseel chicken. When asked the reason, the household head answered that they need to get more money from this enterprise. You then need to ask why the household plans to invest into Aseel chicken for higher egg production, and why not, for example, putting more efforts into vegetables growing or goat rearing. The household then explained that they have noted that there s an increasing demand for Aseel eggs and the price is increasing. They will achieve their objective by feeding better their animals and better breeding. Species Breed Products Reasons for wanting to produce or sell more How will you achieve it? (3 max) 1 1 3 3,4 2,4 28 P a g e

HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MANUAL If the household answers that they re not willing to increase their production, ask reasons. Provide up to 3 reasons- listing most important reason first. Example: The household doesn t want to increase his chicken or goat activity as they now focus on cattle rearing which is more profitable. Also, there s no market for chicken or goat products. If no, why? [ 1 ] [ 5 ] [ ] (3 top reasons, ranked) 7.3.3. Mode of payment and price determination Is there any occasion when you re not paid cash? First ask whether there are instances when they re not paid cash. If Yes, fill in the table. If no, go to the next question. Each row corresponds to a situation when the household is not paid cash. Provide details on species, breed, products, mode of payment and buyer. Example: The household sells regularly Desi (unknown cross) chicken to a trader. He often gives them cash advance, which are repaid on the following sales. Species Breed Products Mode of payment Who s the buyer? 1 7 1 1 2 Is there any occasion when price is not paid on prevailing market price? If yes, tick the Yes box and fill in the table. If no, go the next section. Example: The household had to sell a Beetal brown splashed goat because of urgent cash need. They had no choice but to sell to the butcher. The butcher set up the price Species Breed Products Price determination Who s the buyer? 2 5 1 1 3 8. Training and skills 8.1. What are the current sources of getting information about the breeding, feeding, production, marketing and any other schemes and techniques? Fill in the first row the breeds of chicken and goat kept by the household. For each species and breed kept, fill in the current sources of information, then the sources they like or prefer (it may be the same as the current ones, or other sources). Finally, fill in the type of training the household would need. 29 P a g e

Have you (or any other member of the household) received any training in the last 5 years Ask whether a household member received any training in the last 5 years. If yes, fill in the table; if not, go to the next question. To fill in the table, indicate year when training was received, who attended it (use the household member code from 1.3, e.g. 1 for household head, 2 for the second person listed on this table, etc..), the institution which gave the training, training content and duration. Ask whether the person benefited from the training (i.e. was it useful, did the person learn something?) and whether the person applied the training. If the person did not benefit and/or applied, ask why (last column). Example: in the last 5 years, 2 household members attended training. Two years ago, the household head attended some training from the Min of Agriculture on production in general. The training lasted 3 days and the household head learned a lot. However, he never applied the techniques he was taught as they need expensive inputs he can t afford. His wife (2 nd person listed in 1.5) attended 2 trainings. The first one is 2006 was provided by the NGO XXX on leadership skills. It lasted 5 days and she learned a lot about setting up and running women s groups. She applied these skills the year after when the village women started a women s group. Her second training was in 2008; it was organized by a development project called ZZZ. The training was about business management, and although she learned some tricks about running a business, she never had the chance to apply them as the training was not practical. The training lasted 2 days. When (year) Who attended the training From which organization/ institute- name Training content How long (days) Have you benefited (Yes=1, No=0) Have applied this training (Yes=1/ No=0) 2007 1 Min of Agri. 5 3 1 0 5 2006 2 NGO XXX 8 5 1 1 2008 2 Project ZZZ 7 2 1 0 6 If not benefited, or not applied why? code 8.2. Indicate the use and availability of livestock extension services Indicate in the table below whether extension services from the different providers are available in the area. If yes, ask whether the household is using it and indicate the number of visits in the last 12 months, as well as the cost. Note that a service can be accessible, but not used by the household. 30 P a g e

HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MANUAL Example: In the village and neighboring villages, extension services are provided by an NGO and also a farmers group. There s no other source of extension services in the area. The household doesn t use the services of the farmers group but is using the NGO services. In the last 12 months, they met 3 times and the service is free Livestock extension service providers Accessible in your area? 1= Yes 0=No If yes, number of visits in last 12 months Government 0 0 Cost in local currency/ year (put 0 if free) Project or NGO s 1 3 0 Private Practitioners 0 0 Cooperative/ farmer group 1 0 Others specify: 0 0 9. Income and Livelihood 9.1. Indicate in the table below information regarding sources of income. Go down the list and tick the sources of income (cash or monetary) available to the household. From the discussion so far, we have a good idea of the sources, but make sure we get any other you may have missed (e.g. sale of fish). For those you have ticked, assess the income in local currency in the last 1 year; if you cannot get this information, either because the household is unable or unwilling to give you the information, rank the various sources (1 for most important one, 2 for second one, etc..). For each of the ticked sources, indicate change of income over the last 5 years, using codes, and who is in control of that income (using codes). Pension is forms of payment made to retired people after they have been working. Payment such as money from house rent and savings comes under Other. Make sure you include the incomes of all household members listed in section 1.5. 31 P a g e

Example: The household has 4 sources of income: sale of livestock, salaries (wage income), remittances from a son living abroad and sale of fish. After some discussion, you find out that income from sale of livestock is 150,000 Pak Rs a year; wages amount to 30,000 Pak Rs per month (so 360,000 Pak Rs per year); their son sends them 100,000 twice a year; and sale of fish is less regular but they get about 5,000 a month (60,000 a year). You easily deduct the ranks. Income from sale of livestock and fish are constant, while wages and remittances are increasing. The household head controls all the income sources, except wages- it s the son s salary and he controls it Main sources of income Tick if relevant Food grain/ crops/vegetable 0 Fruits 0 Livestock and livestock product Forest products( herb/ 0 rank Income last year (local currency) Change in income over the last 5 year Main control over income 1 3 150,000 3 1 medicinal plant/timber) Land rent 0 Wage income 1 1 360,000 1 2 Business-shop, trade etc 0 Service 0 Remittance 1 2 200,000 1 1 Pension 0 Other sale of fish 1 4 60,000 3 1 9.2. In which of the following categories do you estimate your total monthly household income, from all farm activities, working members, business income, pensions and remittances from elsewhere: [ ] Ask the household to assess their total monthly income- from all sources and all household members. Although you can deduct it from the 9.1, ask the household - we will use the data to validate the figures in 9.1. The categories for the codes are approximately: 1= below USD 30/ month, 2= between USD 30 and USD 60/ month; 3= between USD 60 and USD 120/ month, 4= between USD 120 and USD 240/ month, 5= above USD 240/month 9.3. Diet diversity: What was the consumption level of the following food items? If possible, ask the wife, or another woman who prepares the meal, to answer these questions. 32 P a g e

HOUSEHOLD SURVEY MANUAL For this question, try interviewing the wife or another woman in the household as the data will be more reliable. Start asking the food items they ate the day before the interview, and ask how many times the item was consumed in the last week. Assess whether last week consumption level was average, higher or lower (use codes). Once you re through with the food items they consumed the day before, go through the list and see if there s any other food item they consumed in the last 1 week. If yes, ask number of times and level of consumption. If food only for baby (e.g. milk), write baby next to the consumption level. Example: The household consumed rice, dry fish, vegetables and fruits the day before the interview. They consume rice and vegetables twice a day, while fish is consumed once a day. Fruits are consumed about 4 times a week. They also take tea once a day. These levels of consumption are usual. Once a week, they also consumes chicken and milk (one serving per week), and this is below usual. Going through the list, there are no other food items the household consumed last week. Food Items How many times consumed last week? Was level of consumption last week regular/ usual (code) Beef Goat meat Poultry 1 1 Fresh water fish Sea water fish Dry fish 7 2 Mutton Pig meat (pork) Any other meat (specify) Milk 1 1 Eggs Wheat flour Rice 14 2 Maize Maize flour Other cereals Edible oils Sugar Salt Tea 7 2 Beans, pulses, Roots, tubers Vegetables 14 2 Fruits 4 2 Other (specify) Other (specify) 33 P a g e

It s the end of the interview. Thank the respondent and ask whether they have any questions. If yes, try to answer. If you re unable to answer, tell them that you will consult your supervisor and that you will get back to them. Make sure you keep to your promise! As soon as possible, answer questions in section 10, date and sign. 34 P a g e

Annex 1: list of technical terms Technical term Description Local term Description 1. Age of first laying 2. Age of maturity 3. AI (Artificial insemination) 4. Breeding methods 5. Broodiness When the hen starts laying The age of the animals in which he/she is able to reproduce Injection of semen artificially with the help of AI gun to a female animal The methods use for mating 6. Carcass weight Weight of meat Is a behavior of chicken to sit on the eggs for hatching 7. Chicks New born male and female chicken 8. Clutch Period of laying eggs 9. Clutching period Egg laying time in each clutch 10. Cock Adult Male chicken 11. Comb Growth on top of the head 12. Commercial concentrate 13. Conception rate 14. Confined fences confined by fencing 15. Controlled breeding Whole or milled grain or bran (from rice/wheat) or cake (from cotton, coconut, gingelly) or already mixed (layer/broiler/grower mash or pellets) Number of matings needed before conception although in this case the calculation is actually number of services per conception! When someone decides which animals are allowed to mate with which one 16. Culling Removing the animal from the herd or flock because of old age etc. 17. Docile Easy to handle and not aggressive 18. Dressing percentage 19. Extensive Only grazing 20. Farrowing interval The percentage of the meat after removing the intestine, skin, head and legs Interval between two farrowing (i.e. between two birthing events) 21. Fodder (green) A crop planted specifically to feed to animals 22. Free range When the animals are not confined and are free to move anywhere 35 P a g e

Technical term Description Local term Description 23. Gestation period Pregnancy period 24. Growers The male and female chicken 25. Hen Adult Female chicken 26. Inbreeding Mating between the close relatives i.e. brother-sister mating 27. Intensive Only stall feeding no grazing 28. Maternal behavior Ability to take care of off spring 29. Paddock Area in which animal are restricted 30. Pension Payment to people after they retire from working 31. Pullet Young female chicken 32. Remittance Money or goods sent to the household from someone outside (e.g. son sending home money from his job abroad) 33. Semi-intensive Combination of stall feeding and grazing 34. Shank Thigh of the chicken 35. Sow Mature female pig 36. Uncontrolled breeding When animals have the choice to mate with any others they want 37. Weaning Separation of offspring from mother 36 P a g e

Name of the disease Avian Influenza Coccidiosis Fowl cholera Infectious Bursal disease (Gumbro) New castle Pullorum Annex 2: List of Diseases and Symptoms Symptoms Chicken 1. Coughing, sneezing 2. Diarrhoea, edema of head and face 1. Dehydration often accompanies the diarrhoea 2. Followed ruffled feathers, anaemia, weakness and retraction of head 1. Nasal and oral discharges of mucus and watery and green mucoid diarrhoea 2. Swelling of the joints wattle and foot pad 1. Vent picking 2. Dispersion, anorexia, ruffled feathers and droopy appearance 1. Egg production stops in a few days 2. Low quality and soft shelled roughed and deformed eggs 3. Tremors, twisting head and neck and circling 4. Abnormal position of head and neck is common in young ones 1. White diarrhoea 2. High mortality in young birds Local term (Pakistan) Infectious bronchitis 1. Decrease egg production 2. Highly contagious and respiratory problems Anthrax Bronchitis Dysentery Goat pox Parasitic worm Enterotoxaemia Goat 1. Increased body temperature 2. High respiration and pulse rate 3. Discharge of blood from the died animals mouth, nose and anus 1. Nasal discharge 2. Swift and depth respiration rate 3. High body temperature and loss of appetite 4. Bloody diarrhea 1. Lack of skin glossiness and lack of appetite 1. Body temperature increased 2. Sore present around the mouth and tongue 1. Dehydration 2. Drowsiness, and weakness 1. Watery diarrhoea 2. Wobbly gait and depression 37 P a g e

PPR Dermatitis CCPP (Contagious Caprine Pleural Pneumonia) FMD CPD (Contagious Pastular Dermatitis) 1. Nasal discharge, pneumonia 2. Foul smelling diarrhoea 1. Skin lesions 2. Causes scraps on skin and lay out of blood 1. Nasal Discharge 2. Coughing 1. Vesicles on mouth and feet 2. Hyper Salivation 3. Lameness 1. Vesicles on oral cavity 2. Off feed 38 P a g e

Annex 3: Pictures of selected breeds Chicken Aseel Naked neck Fayoumi (less exotic) Rhode Island Red (RIR less exotic) 38 P a g e

Desi: Less exotic x other White leghorn (exotic) Other species of poultry turkey, duck, geese Goats Beetal Black Beetal Brown Beetal - White 39 P a g e

Beetal Black splashed Beetal Brown splashed Beetal - Gujrati Beetal Others (example) Teddy Dera Din Pinar (DDP) Nachi Angora 40 P a g e