Bull. Iraq nat. Hist. Mus. (2010) 11 (1): 27-45 A. A. Hamodi & M. S. Abdul-Rassoul * KEYS FOR GENAR AND SPECIES OF FAMILY PHLEAOTHRIPIDAE (TUBUILIFERA: THYSANOPTERA) IN BAGHDAD-IRAQ Awatif Abdul-Fatah Hamodi** and Mohammad Saleh Abdul-Rassoul*** **College of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Baghdad University, Baghdad, Iraq ***Natural History Museum, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq ABSTRACT Keys to four genera and twelve species of the subfamily Phlaeothripinae (Phlaeothripidae) were constructed, these are: Haplothrips; Karnyothrips; Phlaeothrips; and Dolicholepta,and the species are: Haplothrips cerealis Priesner; Haplothrips tritici kurdjumov, Haplothrips hukkineni Priesner; Haplothrips subtilissimus (Haliday) Haplothrips reuteri Karny; Haplothrips jasonis Priesner; Haplothrips sallloumensis Priesner ; Haplothrips pharao Priesner ; Phlaeothrips sycomri Priesner ; Karnyothrips flavipus (Jones); Karnyothrips melaleucus (Bagnall) ; Dolicholepta micrurus (Bagnall). These were collected from Baghdad during the period 2002-2006. The keys were established according to morphological characters, such as number of sensecones on the third and fourth antennal segments, number of intercilia on the inner margin of fore wing; shape of fore tarsal tooth and shape of body setae. Farther more, host plants, dates of collection and locality were recorded. INTRODUCTION Thrips are small insects 1-8 mm in length, dark brown black in color, are Polyphagous feeding on flowers and buds of different plants, such as field crops and weeds. Some of these feed on fungi or on the mycelium growing on dead wood and some causes gall plant (Mound, 2005), some of thrips are predators on mite and small insects( Lewis, 1997). The Phlaeothripidae are disturbed in the Palaearctic Region, Neotropics Region and Ethiopian Region ( Hamodi, 2001), their genera appear to be adapter and able to survival in many region as the genus Haplothrips Amyot & Serv.( Cott,1956). Their main character are similar with other Thysanoptera insects but differ from them by the tenth abdominal segment which is long as a tube shape and the ovipositor disappear (Comstok,1948 ; Lewis,1997). The eggs are laid singly on host plants or near it (Mound& Walker, 1986; Cott, 1956; Pitkin, 1976). Classification of family Phlaeothripidae The family Phlaeothripidae are distinguish by the following characters: Antenna eight segmented, the third segment carried three sense cons, the fourth carried 4-5 sense cons, the check with a small teeth on each sides,the wings are without veins, fore wing with duplicate cilia, the abdominal tergits 2-7 are provided by tow pair of wing- retaining. The family is divided to two subfamily (Mound, 1998): * Apart of PhD Thesis of the first author 27
Keys for Genar and Species 1 Subfamily Idolothripinae; Feed on fungi or spores and living in the base of the weed and dead leaves. 2 - Subfamily Phlaeothripinae; which is divided to three linje (lineage): Feed on many plants and weed. Key to the genera of Phlaeothripinae 1. Mouth cone pointed, head and pronutum with long and pointed seta (figs.12-a, 13- a )... 2. Mouth cone circular shape, head and pronutum long and alternate setae (figs.1 a,2 -a,3 a,4 a,5-a,6-a,7-a,8-a,9-a,10-a)...... 3 2. Moth cone long, reaching posterior margin of prosternum (fig. 13-a). First ocular seta carried on hump; middle antennal segment cylindrical in shape (fig. 13-c). Fore femur not elongate (fig.13-b), fore wing without duplicate seta (fig.13-d). Colored dark brown or black...... Dolicholepta Priesner. Moth cone short reaching a half prosternum (fig.12-a) first ocular seta normal, middle antennal segments four time of wide in length (fig.12-c). fore femur elongate (fig.12-b), fore wing with duplicate seat (fig.12-d), colored yellowish dark brown....... Phlaeothrips Haliday 3. Moth cone reaching half anterior prosternum, antenna 1.2-1.4 time length of head, check convert without transversal lines (fig.1-a,2-a,3-a,4-a,5-a,6-a).third antennal segment with 1 3 sense cones or absent, fourth with 4-5 sense cones (fig.1-c,2-c,3-c,4-c,5-c,6-c7-c). Anterior margin of prothorax wider than base of head. Fore femur a little elongate, tooth tarsi small or absent. Seta of fore wing smooth or plumes ( fig.1-d,2-d,3-d,4-d5-d,6-d,7-d), annuls seta shorter or equal in length, tube alternative in shape (fig.1-f,2-f,3-f,4-f,5-f,6-f,7- f,8-f,9-f)..haplothrips Amyot & Serville.Moth cone short, antenna 1.0 1.5 time of head, check a little convert with transversal lines in male (fig. 9-a,10-a,11-a). Third antennal segment with 2 sense cone, fourth with 4 sense cone (fig. 9-c,10-c,11-c). Anterior margin of prothorax equaled with base of head, fore femur elongate with small tooth, seta of fore wing smooth (fig. 9-d,10-d,11-d) with 5 6 duplicates seta in both sexes, annuls seta longer or equaled tube (fig. 9-f,10-f,11- f)....karnyothrips Watson Key to isolated species of the genus Haplothrips Amyot & Serville: This is a large genus combination with 240 species in the world, eight of them are recorded in Iraq in this study sex of these were known for the first time. 1. Sides of head dented (fig. 4-a ) seta of wings rough (fig. 4-d ) plumes or feather, tarsal tooth very small near the terminal (fig. 4-b), tube with secularized in middle and sides (fig. 4-f), fore wing with eight duplicate seta, body 1.79 1.86 mm in length.. H. reuteri Karny. Character not as above.... 2 2. Body corrugation at base of head and tube, the sculpted on prothorax clear, bodies setae various..... 3 - Body without corrugation or a little at base of head and tube also the sculpted on prothorax, body seta blunt and pointed..7 3. Moth cone thin and circle pointed reaching anterior of prosternum; base of head and tube with wrinkle, check with straight side, seta of head and prothorax opened (fig. 6-a), aedeagus straight and narrowed near tip (fig. 6-g), body 1.36 2.1 mm in length. H. jasonis Priesner 28
A. A. Hamodi & M. S. Abdul-Rassoul. Moth cone circler and wide at tip, other characters not as above.. 4 4. Seats body behind compound eye and prothorax opened at tip (fig. 3-a ), third and fourth antennal segments yellowish brown with dark sides (fig. 3-c), sense cones on four segment small or absent some time. Moth cone short reaching anterior margin of prosterna. Tooth on fore tarsi small (fig.3-b). Sides of tube straight and narrows suddenly at back (fig. 3-f). Duplicated seta on fore wing 7. Body 1.64 1.79 mm in length.... H. subtilissimus (Haliday). Character not as above..... 5 5. Large in size, head larger than wide at 1.2 time (fig. 8-a), fourth antennal segment with 5 sense cone (fig. 8-c), tip of mid and hind tibia pall yellow (fig. 8-b), body 2.25 2.29 mm in length... H. pharao Priesner. small in size, fourth antennal segment with 4 sense cone ( fig.2-c ), all mid and hind tibia in same color.. body 1.00-1.92 mm..in length...6 6. Body seats pointed and blunt, pale in color, wings reached at fifth or sixth abdominal segment. Moth cone reaching half prosterna (fig.2-a), fore tarsi tooth toward out (fig. 2-b), fore wing with sex duplicated seta (fig. 2-d) tube narrow and straight side (2-f),body 1.93 2.07 mm in length H. hukkinenie Priesner. Body seats pointed, thin and longer. Wings reached at seventh abdominal segment, moth cone reaching half prosterna (fig.1-a). Tooth of fore tarsi small (fig.1-b). fore wing with seven duplicated seta (fig.1-d), tube short with wide base (fig.1-f). Body 1.91 2.04 mm in length... H. cerealis Priesner 7. tooth of fore tarsi small in female and large in male(fig. 5-b). Moth cone elongated and reached more half of prosterna (fig.5-a).fore wing with sex-eight duplicated seta (fig. 5-d). The inner margin of claspers elongated on base and narrow at tip (fig. 5-g), color brown reddish body 2.00 2.57 mm. in length... H. tritici Kurdj. Fore tarsi pale yellow brown, tooth small in both sex (fig. 7-b), moth cone short (fig. 7-a), bodies seta dark brown in color, tip of fore wing curved at downward duplicated seta sexeight in female and five-sex in male (fig. 7-d ). Inner margin of claspers not narrow (fig. 7-g ), color dark reddish brown with white area in middle and sides abdominal segments, body 1.79 2.15 mm in length H. salloumensis Priesner Key to isolated species of genus Karnyothrips Watson 1. Pelta of fore abdominal segment circular (fig. 9-e), Fore wing with sex duplicate seat in female and seven in male (fig. 9-d), seta on hind angle of pronutum different blunt and pointed, reticule on check in male clear and wider than female (fig. 9-a), middle abdominal segments without yellowish white area. Body 2.00 2.14 mm..in length... K. flavipus.. Pelta of fore abdominal pointed (fig. 11-e). Fore wing with sex duplicate seta in female (fig. 11-d), body bicolor brown and pale yellow, middle abdominal segments with yellowish white area, predator species, body 1.68 1.72 mm in length... K. melaleucus LITERATURE CITED Bagnall, R.S. 1914. Brief descriptions of new Thysanoptera. 1 Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. London. 12 (8): 290-299. Bagnall, R.S. 1916. Brief descriptions of new Thysanoptera. 7. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. London 17 (8): 213-222. 29
Keys for Genar and Species Bagnall, R.S. 1923. Brief descriptions of new Thysanoptera. 13. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. London 12 (9): 624-629. Bagnall, R.S. 1934. A contribution towards a knowledge of Thysanoptera 5. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. London 14 (10): 491-493. Bagnall, R.S.1933. A contribution towards a knowledge of the European Thysanoptera 4. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. London 11 (20): 651-655. Bailey, S.F. 1938. Thrips of economic importance in California. Circular of the California Agriculture Experim ent Station. 346,77pp. Cott, H.E. 1956. Systematics of the suborder Tubulifera (Thysanoptera) in California. Unv. California publications in Entomology. 13:1-216. EL-Haidari, H.S. and Daoud, A.K. 1971. On a collection of Thrips from Iraq. Bull. Iraqi. Nat. Hist. Mus. 5(1): 23-25. Haliday, A.H. 1836. An epitome of the British genera in the order Thysanoptera with indications of a few of the species. Ent. Mag. 3 (5): 439-451. Hinds, W.E. 1902. Contribution to a monograph of the insects of the order Thysanoptera, inhabiting North America. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus. 26 (1310): 79-180. Hood, J.D. 1915. An outline of the subfamilies and higher groups of the insect order Thysanoptera Proc. Bio. Soc. Wash. 28:53-60. Kirk, W.D.J. 1997. In Lewis, T. (ed.). Thrips as crop pests. CAB. International, walling ford, 7. 7. Distribution abundance and population dynamics p. 217-259. Lewis, T. 1997. Thrips as crop pests, CAB. International walling Ford. 740 pp. Metcalf, C.L. 1967. Destructive and useful Insect 4 th ed. McGraw, Hill Book, Co. Inc. 1071 pp. Morison, G.D. 1957. A review of British glasshouse Thysanoptera Trans. R. Ent. Soc. London 109:476-521. Mound L.A.and Walker.A. 1986. Fauna of New Zealand No.10: Tubulifera (Insecta: Thysanoptera). Mound L.A. 1968. A review of R.S. Bagnall s Thysanoptera collections. Bull. Br. Mus. Nat. Hist. (Ent.). Suppl. 11:1-181. Mound L.A. 1997. In Lewis, T. (ed.). Thrips as crop pests CAB. International Walling Ford. 6. Biological diversity. Pp. 197-215. Mound L.A. and Morris, D.C. 2005. Gall - inducing Thrips: An Evolutionary perspective. Acacia Thrips.In Rama,A. Schaefer,Cw & Withers,T.M.(eds).Biology,Ecology and Evolution of Gall-inducing Arthopods. Science Publishers,Inc., Enflield (NH).USA.Pp.59-72. 30
A. A. Hamodi & M. S. Abdul-Rassoul Mound L.A. Morris, D.C. 2004. Thysanoptera phylogeny - the morphological background. Acta phytopathogica of Entomologica Hungaria. 39 (1-3): 101-113. Mound LA 1993. The first thrips species (Insecta) inhabiting leaf dowatia: Domatiathrips cunninghamll Gen. Et, Sp. nov.(thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae).10 (3): 424 430. Mound, L. A. 1998. Thysanoptera from Lord Howe Island. Australian Entomologist. 25 (4): 113 120. Mound,L.A. 2003.Thysanoptera of Australia Checklist, indicates taxon is represented in the Australian National insect collection, CSIRO Entomology. Canberra. Mound.L.A..2005. Thysanoptera: Diversity and interactions. Annu. Rev. Entomlo. 50: 247-269. Palmer, J.M. and Mound, L.A. 1978. Nine genera of fungus feeding Phlaeothripidae (Thysanoptera) from the OriEntal region. Bulletin of THE British Museum (Natural History). Entomology series 37 (5): 152-215. Pitkin.B.R. 1976. Arevision of the Indian species of Haplothrips and genera. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Entomology. London. 34(4): 221-280. Priesner, H. 1926-1927. Die Thysanoptera Europas. Wagner- verlag- Wien. 755pp. Priesner, H. 1930. Review of the African Haplothrips species. Bull. Soc. ENT. Egypt. 14:230-277. Priesner, H. 1936. Studies on the genus Haplothrips Serv. Bull. Soc. ENT. Egypt. 20:61-75. Priesner, H. 1949. Genera Thysanopterorum, keys for the identification of the genera of the order Thysanoptera. Bull. Soc. Fouad 1 st. Entom. 33:31-157. Priesner, H. 1950. Further studies in Haplothrips and allied genera. Bull. Soc. Fouad 1 st. Entom. 34: 69-120. Priesner, H.1937. Contribution towards a knowledge of the Thysanoptera of Egypt. 9. Bull. Soc. Ent. Egypt. 21:208-210. Priesner, H.1960. Amonograph of the Thysanoptera of the Egyptian deserts. Publications de L`institut du Desert d`egypte. 533 pp. Uzel, H. 1895. Monographie der ordnung Thysanoptera. 11:472 pp. Koniggratz. 31
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A. A. Hamodi & M. S. Abdul-Rassoul Bull. Iraq nat. Hist. Mus. (2010) 11 (1): 27-45 *مفاتيح تصنيفية لعزل أجناس وأنواع عاي لة PHLEAOTHRIPIDAE (TUBUILIFERA : THYSANOPTERA) في بغداد - العراق عواطف عبد الفتاح حمودي** و محمد صالح عبد الرسول*** **قسم وقاية النبات كلية الزراعة جامعة بغداد ابو غريب بغداد - العراق ***متحف التاريخ الطبيعي جامعة بغداد باب المعظم بغداد - العراق الخلاصة وضعت مفاتيح تصنيفية لعزل أربعة أجناس واثنا عشر نوع تعود لعويلة Phlaeothripinae (Phlaeothripidae) هي: ; Haplothrips Karnyothrips; Phlaeothrips. و Dolicholepta والا نواع الا تية: Haplothrips; Karnyothrips; Phlaeothrips; and Dolicholepta,and the species are: Haplothrips cerealis Priesner; Haplothrips tritici kurdjumov, (Haliday) Haplothrips hukkineni Priesner; Haplothrips subtilissimus Haplothrips reuteri Karny; Haplothrips jasonis Priesner; Haplothrips sallloumensis Priesner; Haplothrips pharao Priesner ; Phlaeothrips sycomri Priesner; Karnyothrips flavipus (Jones); Karnyothrips melaleucus (Bagnall); Dolicholepta micrurus (Bagnall). صممت المفاتيح اعتمادا على صفات الشكل الخارجي مثل عدد المخاريط الحسية على ق ط عتي قرن الاستشعار الثالثة والرابعة وعدد الا هداب المزدوجة على الحافة الداخلية للجناح الا مامي الرسغ الا مامي وشكل شعيرات الجسم وكذلك سجل اسم النبات العاي ل وتاريخ ومكان الجمع. وشكل س ن *بحث مستل من أطروحة الدكتوراه للباحث الا ول. 45