www.vet.minpolj.gov.rs REPUBLIC OF SERBIA Veterinary Directorate Echinococcus: Serbia preventing human infection through on farm measures Tamara Bošković, DVM Veterinary Public Health Departement
Republic of Serbia Area - Total 88,361 km 2 Population - Total 7 181 505 Capital and largest city Belgrade 25 districts National anthem: God of Justice Bože pravde
REPUBLIC OF SERBIA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY AND WATER MANAGEMENT Minister ADVISOR DIRECTORATE Director Chief Veterinary Officer CVO GROUP FOR INTERNAL AUDITS & QMS DEPARTMAN FOR INTERNATIONA L TRADE AND CERTIFICATIO N UNIT FOR INTERNATIONA L TRADE GROUP FOR CERTIFICATION AND HARMON. OF - SANITARY MEASURES DEPARTMAN FOR BORDER INSPECTION INSPECTION GROUP FOR ANIMAL HEALTH AND ANIMAL WELFARE UNIT BORDER INSPECTION 3 CHIEF OF THE UNIT AND 4 CHIEF OF GROUP BVI BORDER INSPECTION POST (17 BIPs) INSPECTION GROUP FOR QUALITY AND SAFETY OF PRODUCTS AND BY- PRODUCTS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN LOCAL EXPORT FACILITIES INSPECTORS DEPARTMAN FOR INSPECTION INSPECTION GROUP FOR EXPORT FACILITIES REGIONAL INSPECTION OFFICES 25 - CHIEFS OF THE UNITS LOCAL FOOD SAFETY INSPECTORS DEPARTMAN FOR LEGAL, GENERAL AND FINANCIAL AFFAIRS INSPECTION GROUP FOR PRODUCTION AND TRADE CONTROL MEDICINES AND MEDICAL DEVICES, FEED AND MEDICINES FEED LOCAL ANIMAL HEALTH AND WELFARE INSPECTORS UNIT FOR REGISTRATIO N AND APPROVAL AGRI FOOD ESTABLISHME NTS AND FOOD SAFETY DEPARTMAN FOR PUBLIC HEALTH GROUP FOR FEED & ABP ESTABLISHMENTS UNIT FOR EPIZOOTIO LOGY DEPARTMAN FOR ANIMAL HEALTH, ANIMAL WELFARE AND TRACEABILITI Y GROUP FOR REGISTRATION OF ANIMALS AND TRACEABILITY UNIT FOR REGISTRATION OF ORGANISATIONS AND SERVICES GROUP FOR ANIMAL WELFARE INSTITUTES/ LABS ANIMAL HEALTH RESIDUE MONITORING FOOD SAFETY STATIONS PRACTICES
SERBIA - FOOD SAFETY SYSTEM Legal Framework: Law on Veterinary Matters (OG RS, No. 91/05, 30/10, 93/12) Multiplespecies diseases : Echinococcosis/hydatidosis Law on Food Safety (Official Gazette of RS, No. 41/09) Rulebook on method and procedure of performing official control of food of animal origin and method of performing official control of animals before and after slaughter (Official Gazette of RS, No. 99/10) postmortem inspection Programme of establishing the measures for animal health protection for 2013.
Programme of establishing the measures for animal health protection for 2013. Dehelmintization of dogs and cats over three months against canine tapeworms Echinococcus granulosus In order to prevent the spread of parasite eggs in the environment, at least 48 hours after treatment of dogs, their feces seem harmless. The slaughter of animals for human consumption, owners who slaughter animals for their own use, affected organs are safe by boiling, incineration or processing in the rendering plant The slaughterhouse is recorded each identified case of echinococcosis and on the notify the veterinary inspection
IMPORTANCE Echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Echinococcus spp. The hosts: dogs and cats, carry the adult tapeworms subclinically. Dogs are particularly important - close relationships with humans. Intermediate hosts are initially asymptomatic Cysts in the liver and lungs, can lead to illness and death. The incubation period from months to years
The most common species - Serbia Echinococcus granulosus - sheeps/goats, cattle, pigs, wild animals Echinococcus multilocularis - wild animals E. vogeli E. oligarthrus Eggs dogs, cats, foxes
The prevalence: Depends of Region in R Serbia Domestic animals Souther - East Serbia sheep 98% (certain municipalities) Region of Belgrade - sheep and goats - 12.3% South parts of Serbia - sheep 3.98%, cattle 4.54%, pigs 4.18% Wild animals Echinococcus granulosus - foxes - 0.23% Echinococcus multilocularis - beaver (2012)
No District 2011 Finding on the slaughter line Echinococcus Cattle /pig /sheep 1 SEVERNOBAČKI 27 2 SEVERNOBANATSKI 72 3 SREDNJEBANATSKI 0 4 JUŽNO BANATSKI 348 5 ZAPADNOBAČKI 0 6 JUŽNO BAČKI 1745 7 SREMSKI 0 8 MAČVANSKI 3264 9 KOLUBARSKI 3875 10 PODUNAVSKI 358 11 BRANIČEVSKI 2216 12 13 14 15 ŠUMADIJSKI 829 POMORAVSKI 16111 BORSKI 0 ZAJEČARSKI 6068 16 ZLATIBORSKI 0 17 MORAVIČKI 3116 18 19 20 21 22 23 RAŠKI 2666 RASINSKI 188 NIŠAVSKI 9172 TOPLIČKI 195 PIROTSKI 1787 JABLANIČKI 0 24 PČINJSKI 375 25 OIE seminar, GRAD Belgrade BEOGRAD 15-17 October 2013 2504 TOTAL 54916
No District 2012 Finding on the slaughter line Echinococcus Cattle /pig /sheep 1 MORAVIČKI 399 2 MAČVANSKI 4121 3 TOPLIČKI 86 4 PIROTSKI 1903 5 JABLANIČKI 5085 6 SEVERNOBAČKI 23 7 PODUNAVSKI 388 8 ZAPADNOBAČKI 131 9 ZLATIBORSKI 3395 10 SEVERNOBANATSKI 30 11 SREDNJEBANATSKI 0 12 JUŽNOBANATSKI 114 13 JUŽNOBAČKI 544 14 SREMSKI 0 15 KOLUBARSKI 5156 16 BRANIČEVSKI 2405 17 ŠUMADIJSKI 244 18 POMORAVSKI 14188 19 BORSKI 2239 20 ZAJEČARSKI 2246 21 RAŠKI 238 22 RASINSKI 993 23 NIŠAVSKI 6.778 24 PČINJSKI 477 25 OIE seminar, Belgrade GRAD BEOGRAD 15-17 October 2013 1658 TOTAL 42948
Cases at human population: In 2012. there were 39 people who were infected*: Echinococcosis hepatis 34 people Echinococcosis pulmonis 1 person Echinococcosis alia non specificata - 4 people Region of Central Serbia - 29 people Region Vojvodina - 10 people The most of sick people are older then 15, with domination of female population 61,5% It is detected over the year, there is no seasonal fluctuation * Published report of Institute of Public Health of Serbia Milan Jovanović Batut
Echinococcosis is particularly widespread in Serbia due to Lack of knowledge of cattle/pig breeding Lack of appropriate livestock and Poor zoohygienic services regarding animal by product disposal Holdings keep livestock with the dogs. Real host becomes infected by eating infected liver and lungs Vectors - oral intake of eggs that a real host throws feces. Rural households are often the result of "intentional" feeding dogs infected organs during pig slaughtering.
PREVENTION Conduct regular eradication of helminthes of dogs, especially those who are in contact with domestic animals and humans Difficult to prevent exposure to Echinococcus spp. eggs from wild animals; Food safety precautions + combined with good hygiene. Adequate removal of animal waste in order to prevent the circulation of infectious material. Education of people trough the media, broshures, liflets
PREVENTION The hands should always be washed after handling pets, farming, gardening or preparing food, and before eating. In some areas, foxes could be treated with antiparasitic drugs in bait, to decrease the prevalence of E. multilocularis. Improve laboratory technics: molecular genotyping techniques, RT- PCR and sequencing mitochondrial CO1 gene Drugs: benzimidazolic, mebendazole, albendazole, praziquantel
FURTHER STEPS The better system of recording the cases of echinococcosis in slaughterhouses link between animals/human health/food safety tasks; Twinnig Project Proposal for IPA 2014: Data collection on zoonotic diseases Based on Directive 2003/99/EC on the monitoring of zoonoses and zoonotic agents; The offal s analysis in foxes
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