Veterinary Pharmacy Edited by Steven B Kayne BSc, PhD, MBA, LLM, MSc (Med Sci), DAgVetPharm, FRPharmS, FCPP, FIPharmM, MPS (NZ), FNZCP, FFHom Independent Consultant Pharmacist and Visiting Lecturer, School of Pharmacy, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK Michael H Jepson BPharm, MSc, PhD, FRPharmS, MCPP, MlnstPkg, FIPharmM, DHMSA, MBIRA(Hon) Former Head of Pharmacy Practice, University of Aston, Birmingham, UK Course Director, Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain Diploma in Agricultural and Veterinary Pharmacy Member, Veterinary Products Committee 1994-2001 London Chicago (PP) Pharmaceutical Press
Preface xi About the editors xiii Contributors xv Abbreviations xvii Part 1: Animals and human health 1 1 Keeping animals - implications for human healthcare 3 What is a pet? 5 Keeping pets 5 Choosing a pet 6 Responsibilities of pet owners 9 Advantages of keeping pets 11 Disadvantages of keeping pets 14 The pharmacist's involvement with pet care 27 References 28 Further reading 30 2 Food-borne zoonoses 31 Definition of food-borne zoonoses 31 Food-borne zoonoses and society 31 The infective pathway 32 Food-borne zoonoses associated with meat 32 Milk-borne diseases 48 UK Food Standards Agency (FSA) - scope and mission 56 Reducing zoonotic risks in food 56 References 60 Further reading 61 Part 2: Introduction to veterinary pharmacy 63 3 Veterinary medicines 65 History 65 Definition of veterinary medicines 69
vi vii Control of veterinary medicines and their use 69 Supply of licensed and unlicensed veterinary medicines 70 Categories of licensed veterinary medicines 70 Unlicensed veterinary medicines 74 Reporting of adverse drug reactions 75 Types of veterinary medicines 75 General characteristics of veterinary medicines 76 Main chemical groups of veterinary medicines 85 Types of presentation 104 Some factors affecting the efficacy of veterinary medicines 112 References 114 Further reading 114 Useful address/website 114 Veterinary vaccines History of vaccines 115 Why use vaccines? 115 The immune system 116 Antibodies 117 Principle of vaccination 118 What is a vaccine? 120 Types of vaccines 121 Improving the specificity of vaccines 122 Homeopathic nosodes 124 Improving the immune response to vaccines 124 115 Osteopathy 154 Physiotherapy 155 Radionics 157 Concluding remarks 157 Further reading 158 6 Legal requirements for the sale and supply of veterinary medicinal products Classes of veterinary medicinal products 160 Record keeping for veterinary products 167 Labelling requirements for animal medicines 168 Veterinary surgeons 171 Legislation 173 Advisory booklets 173 Useful address/website 173 7 Business and financial aspects of veterinary pharmacy The markets 175 The companion animal market 179 Commercial animals 182 Selling profitably - the business plan 184 The pharmacist's involvement 188 Further reading 190 159 175 Vaccination regimes 125 Problems with vaccines 127 Part 3: Commercial animals 191 Vaccines as medicinal products 130 The future for vaccines? 132 8 Comparative anatomy and physiology 193 Further reading 133 Useful website 133 Complementary and alternative therapies Terminology 135 CAM and veterinary medicine - legal status 135 Acupuncture 136 Aromatherapy 141 Chiropractic 143 Flower remedy therapy 144 Herbal ism 145 Homeopathy 148 Massage 153 135 Skeletal structures 193 Digestive system 197 Respiratory tract 200 Reproductive tract 201 Integument 202 Sensory organs 204 Cardiovascular system 205 Veterinary medicines 205 Further reading 207 Animal nutrition Background 209 Ruminant specialisation 211 209
viii ix Energy balance problems 216 Calcium deficiency 218 Phosphorus deficiency 221 Magnesium deficiency 222 Trace compounds 224 Bloat 233 Further reading 234 10 Diseases of cattle, sheep and goats Sudden death 236 Neurological disorders 243 Metabolic disorders 246 Respiratory disorders 252 Abdominal problems 258 Diarrhoea ('scouring') 263 Weight loss 270 Lameness 274 Disorders of the tegument 281 Reproductive disorders 292 Urinary tract disorders 298 Reference 300 Further reading 300 11 Pigs The UK pig industry 301 Anatomy and physiology of the pig 302 Notifiable diseases 304 Vaccines 304 Bacterial diseases 306 Fungal diseases 319 Parasite diseases 319 Further redding 322 Useful website 323 12 The diseases and healthcare of bees The honeybee colony 326 Good beekeeping practice and the natural control of disease 329 Common diseases affecting honeybees 330 Methods of administering drugs and chemicals 338 Diagnostic services 338 235 301 325 Agricultural chemicals 339 Further reading 339 UK government publications/websites 339 Useful addresses/websites 340 Part 4: Companion animals 341 13 Cats and dogs, 343 History 343 Anatomy 345 Risks to human health associated with keeping cats and dogs 350 Allergies 351 Zoonotic diseases in cats and dogs 351 Other ailments of cats and dogs 392 Actions necessary to keep cats and dogs healthy 408 Travelling abroad with cats and dogs 420 References 422 Further reading 423 Useful addresses 423 14 Other small pets 425 Small mammals 425 Reptiles 443 Aviary and cage birds 450 Further reading 454 15 Health and nutrition of horses 455 Nutrition 456 Management 457 Endoparasite control 457 Ectoparasite control 464 Other conditions affecting horses 465 Further reading 473 16 Pigeon healthcare 475 The pigeon year 477 Common conditions affecting pigeons 484 Other conditions 492 Medication and drug administration 495
x The pharmacist's involvement 497 Further reading 498 Useful websites 498 17 Fish 499 Morphology 499 Environment and disease 500 Treatments for fish diseases 510 Commercial fish farming 511 Acknowledgement 512 Further reading 512 Part 5: Management of wounds 513 18 The management of animal soft tissue injuries 515 Structure of the skin 516 Classification of wounds 518 Wound healing 519 Initial management of veterinary wounds 528 Management of contaminated and infected wounds 530 Other components of the wound and its management 531 Factors which influence the effectiveness of wound healing 532 Management of non-surgical wounds 534 Management of surgical wounds 541 Wound management for transport 541 Conclusion 542 References 543 19 Wound management materials 547 Passive wound management products 548 Contemporary wound management products 556 Polymeric dressings 562 Conclusion 574 References 575 Further reading 576 Index 577