OCCASIONAL PAPERS OF THE MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN ANN ARBOR, MICIXIGAN UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN PRESS A MEXICAN SUBSPECIES OF GROTALUX MOLOXXUX BAIRD AND GIRARD1 BECAUSE of the limited number and relatively poor coildition of specimeils available for study, great confusion has long existed in the systematics of the rattlesnakes of the Mexican Table-land. This condition was especially true i11 conilection with Crotalus naolosszcs Baird and Girard and Crotaltcs Basiliscus Cope. Recent collections from the states of San Luis Potosi and Zacatecas, especially those made by Dr. E. H. Taylor, Hobart M. Smith, and David Dunkle of the University of Kansas in 1933 and 1334, have been of considerable help in clearing np a portioi~ of tliis perplexing ~ituation.~ 1 Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of the University of Michigan. 2 For the privilege of studying tliis ~llaterial soon after its acquisition, I a111 cxtrei~lely gratef~~l to tllcse friends and forilier colleagues. I also.ivisll to express my tl~anlts for the loan of speciinens used in this study to Mr. Karl P. Schmidt, Field Muscum of Natural IIistory; Dr. Tlloilias Barbour, Museu~li of Co~nparative Zoology; Dr. G. K. Noble, Alilericall Museum of Natural IIistory; Mrs. IIele~i T. Gaige, University of Michigan Musetun of Zoology; Dr. Leollhard Stejneger and Dr. Doris M. Cochran, U. S. National Museum; Mr. M. Graham Netting, Carnegie Museu~n; Dr. A. H. Wright, Cornell University; and Mr. L. M. Klauber, Sail Dicgo, Calif oraia.
2 Howard If. Gloyd A coniparison of this material with a large series of molossus and a considerable number of specimesis of basiliscus, including the type specimens of both species, has led to the conclusion that C. basiliscz~s is a valid form, restricted according to present knowledge to the west coast of Mexico, and that C. nzolossus is represented on the Mexicaii PIateau by an ~~iidesc~ibed race which may be lcnowil as Crotalus molossus nigrescens, new subspecies DIAGNOSIS.-This subspecies may be distinguished from Crotalzcs 7~aolosszcs nzolosszcs by its smaller number of scale rows (nsually 25), its lower range of ventral scutes (168-186 ; males average 174; females 177), and distinctive coloration. The mid-dorsal blotches are for the most part closed off at the sides, not coniiectis~g with those of the lateral series to form transverse bands as in ~nolossz~s. The general coloration is much darker, tlie bro~~~nisli black ground color often obscuring all but the light borders of the blotches. TYPE Sr~c~~~~.-IJniversity of Micliigan Museum of Zoology, No. 77833, adult male, collected 4 miles west of La Colorada, Zacatecas, Mexico, July 10, 1934, by Hobart M. Smith aid David Dnnltle. Paratypes, U.M.M.Z. 77834 and 77835, both females, sanie locality. DESCRIPTION OF TYPE sl~ec~~e~.-head with 8 large plates arraiigecl syriirrietrically as follo~vs : a pair of internasals, a pair of canthals (prefrontals) followed by a pair of medium-sized plates in the anterior frontal region, and a pair of supraocnlars. Srnaller scales in irregular arraiigenieiit occupy tlie posterior frontal ancl parietal regions, a larger one on eacli side overlapping the iliecliaii posterior eclges of each supraocular. Rostra1 slightly wicler than high, acutely truncate above, and in direct contact 1vit11 botlr prenasals. Anterior nasals somcn-hat square, t~vice the ~viclth of posterior nasals; iiostril in sutnre between tliem. Loreals 2 on each sicle, the upper partially divided, probably representii~g a fusion wit11 the posterior eantlial. Preoculars 2 on eacli side. Lachrymals 1 on each side ; postoculars G on the left and 5 on tlle right. Tl~ree rows of scales between
supralabials and orbit. Upper temporals lreeled, the 4 lowest rows smooth. Prenasals anteriorly ill direct contact with the first supralabials but posteriorly separated from them by a small scale on each side. Maxillary pit bordered above by tlie inferior loreal and lower preocular and in contact with the fonrlh sapralabial belo~v; the triangular space anterior to the pit between nasals and labials filled by 8 small scales on tlie left side and 9 on the right. Supralabials 16 on each sicle; infralabials 16 011 left and 17 on right; first infralabials not divided, in contact at median line beliind mental. One pair of enlarged chin shields about twice as long as wide, followed by 8 irregular pairs of median gulars. Between first ventral seate aiid angle of rno~zth, 9 or 10 oblique rows of lateral gulars. Dorsal scale rows 29-25-19, all keeled except tlie 2 lowest rows on each side. Ventral scutes 174, subcaudal scales 25, the distal 2 divided. Anal plate not divided. Length of head 51 mm. ; total length 990 mm. ; leiigtli of tail 78 mni. liattle consists of G segments, the distal portion miss- 111g. The dorsal ground color is light brownish olive, paler 011 the sides aiid obscured posteriorly by brownis11 blaclr pigment which gradually increases in intensity becoming completely blaclr toward the tail. Each scale is nearly unicolor and there are no minute dark punctations. The body pattern consists of a media11 series of large diamond-shaped rhombs about 20 of which are discernible anterior to the black of the posterior body and tail. Within the borders of tlie rhombs are a few lighter scales oil each side of tbe niidline. Each blotcb is outliaecl with a conspicuous border of yellowish gray scales. The light borders are in contact at the midline between the blotches and, on the posterior half of the body, extend dowii the sides to connect with sinall lateral brown blotches which are absent anteriorly. Some of the posterior rhombs are not closecl at tlieir lateral points but form, with the lateral blotches, crossbaiids wllich extend to the veiitrals as in C. 172. ~~ZO~OSSZLS. The top of the head is largely black with a few light colored scales i11 the occipital region but has no definite pattern. A
4 fiowarc1 Ii. Gloyd browiiish black stripe, 3 scales wide at the posterior edge of the orbit, extends backward with diminishing width toward the eommissure but becomes obsolete before reaching it. In front of this is an oblique light streak which extends posteriorly from the o~bit to the upper labials. The rostral, sides of the muzzle, and upper edges of the supraoculars are brownish olive; the lower eclges of tlie labials are cream. The entire ventral side of the head is creain slightly clouded with gray in the chin region. The creani colored ventral surface is indistinctly clouded with gray laterally, the dark pigment increasing toward tlie tail. The tail and basal segment of the rattle are blaclr. Paratype No. 77835 is similar to the type specimen in scutellation but has internasals divided at the inner posterior corners, scales between supraoculars ir~g~~lar (3 + 3), eanthals 2 on each side, loreals 3 on the left and 2 on the right, postoculars 4A, supralabials 16-15, infralabials 17-16, scale rows 29-25-20, ventrals 181, caudals 19, last four divided. This specimen is generally darker in color ~vitli a pattern of 32 rhomboid blotches on the body and 5 inclistinct dark crossbands oil the tail. The inner borders of the blotches are black, the outer borders and lighter scales ~vithiii are pale brown. On the posterior third of the body the dorsal blotches extend clown to the venlrals in narrow, irregular crossbands. The ventral surface is heavily blotched with gray. In paratype No. 77834 the scales between the supraoculars are irregular (24-4), caiithals 2-2, loreals 2-2, postoculars 44, supralabials 16-13, infralabials 16-18; scale rows 29-25-19, ventrals, 182, caudals 20, last 5 divided. The pattern of this specinlen is especially well defined. The muzzle and crown are blaclc; the posterior part of the head is marlred with 3 pairs of wide blaclr bands extending backward and outward, the first from the orbit, the second from the parietal region, and the third froin the occiput. The dorsal blotches are blaclr with a few light brown scales on each side of tlie midline and with borders of light yellowish brown. The more posterior blotches are extended downward as narrow crossbands on the sides and
A Mexicun flubspecies of Crotulzis molosszis 5 are much obscured by the general blaclr color on the posterior fourth of the bocly and the tail. R~~c~.-Throughout the Jtexican highlancls from southern Chihuahua south to northern Oaxaca. Specimeils from southern Chihuahua and northern Dnrango are intermediate between this forin ancl CT-otalz~s ~~zolosszu ~~zoloss~~s Baird and Girard. A detailed cliscussion of the variations and relatioliships of this forin is reserved for a subseqi~ent paper.