Domestic Turkey Diseases Mohammad Soltani Board Certified in Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran.
Classification Managemental and Nutritional Infectious Parasitic Metabolic Respiratory and Enteric Complexes
Significance of Enteric disease Considerably higher cost of turkeys Secondary nutritional abnormalities More severe than chicken enteric diseases Preventive tool weakness
Aviadenovirus Alphavirus Astrovirus Coronavirus Enterovirus Parvovirus-like Picornavirus-like Campylobacter Clostridium Escherichia coli Cryptosporidium Eimeria Candida Poult Enteritis Complex (PEC)
Diseases Encompassed by PEC Coronavirus Enteritis of Turkeys Cryptosporidiosis Maldigestion syndrome Poult malabsorption syndrome Poult Enteritis Mortality Syndrome (PEMS) Spiking mortality of turkeys Runting and stunting syndrome Turkey viral enteritis
Poult Enteritis Complex (PEC) Economic significance of various syndromes Clinical manifestations -Between 10-28 days - Hyperactivity - Feed and water consumption - Diarrhea - Feathers - Uniformity - Other outcomes Epidemiology Diagnosis - Performance, serum, droppings, water, feed, tissues, contact and wet smears, Control
Control of PEC Don t use eggs from new breeders Supportive care - Vitamin E, electrolytes, betaine Antibiotics - Tylosin, penicillin and lincomycin Probiotics Anticoccidial programme Ambient temperature and litter moisture Any action that increase feed intake - Remixing, walking through the flock, turning feed lines on and off, whole grain Level and source of the dietary protein Segregate the birds into groups Thorough disinfection - Formaldehyde, litter Pest control Water sanitation
Turkey Coronavirus Enteritis Synonyms Closely related to IBV Hosts and age of incidence Transmission and vectors Clinical manifestation and pathology Diagnosis Control
Histomoniasis (Blackhead) Life cycle Pathogenicity - Hosts (Turkey of any age) - Bacterial flora - Vectors Clinical manifestation and pathology Diagnosis - Pathology, Smears, histopathology, culture and PCR Control - Elimination of infected eggs -Divide growing facility into subunits - Anticoccidial strategy - Chemotherapy
Hemorrhagic Enteritis A lymphotropis siadenovirus Synonyms (Bankruptcy gut) Hosts Most field cases occurring between 6 and 11 week of age Transmission Clinical manifestation and pathology -Mortality range from 1-60% - Usually more pronounced in duodenum Diagnosis Control - Biosecurity - Vaccination
Coccidiosis All ages are susceptible, but birds older than 6-8 weeks are more resistant Importance of prevention
Coccidiosis Control Specific vaccines Anticoccidial drugs continuously in the feed for at least 8 weeks Amprolium (0.0125-0.25%) Sulfonamides Monensin (54-90 g/ton) Lasalocid (75-125 ppm) Halofuginone (1.5-3 ppm) Diclazuril (1 ppm)
Newcastle Disease (ND) Avian Influenza (AI) Turkey Rhinotracheitis (TRT) Bordetellosis Colibacillosis Mycoplasmosis Chlamydiosis Aspergillosis Respiratory Complex
Turkey Rhinotracheitis (TRT) Synonyms (SHS, ART) Most important respiratory disease of turkeys Transmission - Only direct contact Clinical manifestation and pathology - Rale and respiratory discharges - Sinusitis - Submandibular edema - Uterine prolapse Diagnosis Control - Vaccination
Bordetellosis (Turkey Coryza) Synonyms (Alcaligenes Rhinotracheitis, ART) Hosts and importance of chicken isolates Age of incidence (Mainly 2-6 wk) Transmission Clinical manifestation and pathology - Abrupt onset of sneezing - Dry cough - Tenacious, brownish exudate - Submaxillary edema - Dyspnea - Tracheal softening Diagnosis Control -Antibiotics - Niacin - Vaccines
Chlamydiosis Public health significance Hosts Strain classification Transmission Clinical manifestation and pathology Diagnosis Control
Metabolic Diseases Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Turkeys (DCM) Aortic Rupture Sudden Death in Turkeys Associated with Perirenal Hemorrhage (SDPH) Pendulous Crop Hepatic Lipidosis of Turkey
Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Turkeys (DCM) Synonyms (Round Heart Disease, Cardiohepatic Syndrome) Turkeys at 2-3 weeks of age (Occasionally until 10-12 weeks) 0.5-3% mortality Pathology Troponin T Furazolidone Control
Aortic Rupture Synonyms (Dissecting Aneurysm) 7 to 24 weeks of age (Mainly 12-16 wk) Probable Ethiology - Hypertension - Dietary Protein and Fat - Cupper deficiency - Genetic Factors - Toxic ingredients of some feed components Pathology Control
Hepatic Lipidosis of Turkey Synonyms (Acute Hepatic Necrosis) Between 12-24 weeks of age Mortality may suddenly increase to 5% Clinical manifestation and pathology Probable nutritional, environmental and managemental origin -Dietary Energy, protein and essential amino acids - Lipid peroxidation - Temperature and lighting programme Control -Vitamin E - Choline - Methionine - Vitamin B12
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