Genomics, A New Era Eric Olstad Dairy Production Specialist Zoetis
What is Genomics? Genomics: An inside look at the DNA of dairy cattle Ability to make predictions based on science A new management tool A game changer!!!
Technology Evolves Over Time
How Do I Use Genomics? What is Clarifide?
HERD OWNERS HAVE DECISIONS Which has the LEAST CHANCE of being profitable? Which has the BEST CHANCE?
Options for Dairy Heifer Selection Zero Reliability Random Selection Visual Appraisal Very Low Reliability Superior Reliability Genome Enhanced PTA Parent Average Low Reliability 6 PTA = Predicted Transmitting Ability
CLARIFIDE Comprehensive Info One Test 4 Composite Indexes Net Merit $, Cheese Merit $, Fluid Merit $, and Breed Performance Index (BPI). 5 Production Traits Milk Volume, Fat Volume, Protein Volume, Fat%, Protein%. 4 Milk Protein Components Alpha S-1 Casein, A1 Beta Casein, Kappa Casein I & II. 10 Health Traits SCS, DPR, HCR, CCR, Productive Life, Calving Ability, Sire & Daughter Calving Ease, Sire & Daughter Still Birth. 2 Inbreeding Info Individual Inbreeding, Future Inbreeding. * Parentage ID Verification!!! 14 Haplotypes Fertility: HH1-5, JH1, BSH1-2 Conditions: Mulefoot, Polled, Weaver, SDM, SMA. SDM= Spinal Dismyelination (Brown Swiss). SMA= Spinal Muscular Atrophy (Brown Swiss) 23 Type Traits & Indexes 18 Linear Conformation Traits, Type-Final Score, Udder, Feet /Leg, and Body Size Composites. Coat Color & 5 Genetic Conditions Black/Red Coat Color. DUMPS, CVM*, BLAD, Brachyspina*. 7 * Available as a add-on test for an additional fee.
Strategies can be One or More Next Generation Genetic Strategies Non-Select Precision Inventory Management Select - Conventional Semen Or Beef Semen Select - Sexed Semen ET or IVF Amplification Recipient Index? 8 Additional uses: Mate assignment Mgmt or later life culling decision
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Goal 21-day PR % 11 32 12 62 30 13 90 58 28 14 117 85 55 26 15 141 110 80 51 25 16 165 133 103 75 48 23 17 187 155 125 97 70 45 22 18 207 176 145 117 91 66 43 21 19 227 195 165 137 110 85 62 40 19 Current 21-day PR % 20 245 213 183 155 128 103 80 58 38 18 21 262 230 200 172 145 121 97 75 55 35 17 22 278 246 216 188 162 137 113 91 71 51 33 16 23 392 261 231 203 177 152 128 106 86 66 48 31 15 24 307 276 246 217 191 166 143 121 100 81 62 45 29 14 ADULT REPRO ECONOMICS Pick you current PR on top Then pick your goal PR on left Choose corresponding $ value of PER COW increased income Multiply that times # of cows in your herd 25 321 289 259 2331 204 179 156 134 113 94 76 59 43 28 13 Source: UW Extension Repro Money economics. Victor Cabrera $76 X 500 cows = $38,000 26 333 302 272 243 217 192 169 147 126 107 89 71 55 40 26 13 27 345 313 283 255 229 204 181 159 138 119 100 83 67 52 38 25 12 28 357 325 295 266 240 215 192 170 149 130 112 95 78 63 49 36 23 11 29 367 335 305 277 251 226 202 180 160 140 122 105 89 74 60 46 34 22 11 30 377 345 315 287 261 236 212 190 170 150 132 115 99 84 70 56 44 32 21 10
WORKING HAND IN GLOVE Reproduction and Genetics Work Hand In Glove to Accelerate Herd Progress and Increase Profitability $$$ Generation after Generation Increased Reproduction Improve Resulting Genetics for Reproduction & other traits More Heifer Calves Born AND more opportunity to use other Technologies (IVF/ET, Non- Dairy semen) Higher selection intensity to increase rate of genetic progress
Does Clarifide Work? Data tells the story
Herd Response to Genetic Selection N=345 Cows Avg. 305ME (GPTA Milk) Avg. 305ME (Sire PTA Milk) Top 25% 42643lbs 39985lbs 1 st Lactation Avg. 38647lbs 38647lbs Bottom 25% 35035lbs 38501lbs Difference between Top & Bottom 7,608lbs 1,484lbs
Associations Between DPR (h 2 =0.04) and Reproductive Outcomes First Lactation Heifers Genomic Group for Fertility 1 n 2 AI rate 3 Conception Rate (CR) 4 Pregnancy Rate (PR) Services per Conception DPR <0 4336 59% 32% 19% 3.1 DPR 0-1 2707 62% 39% 24% 2.5 DPR >1 531 63% 45% 30% 2.2 Overall 7574 60% 36% 22% 2.8 1 n Total number of breedings 2 AI rate= number of cows bred / the eligible cows 3 Conception Rate 10/15/12 & 10/15/13 4 21 days Pregnancy Risk Zoetis, Data on file, 2014
Herd Response to CLARIFIDE 2 nd Lactation n=340 GPTA Productive Life Rank 0-25% 26-50% 51-75% 76-100% % Culled DIM<30 11.8% 10.6% 4.7% 0% % Culled DIM<60 14.1% 11.8% 7.1% 2.4% % Culled DIM<150 27.1% 18.8% 11.8% 9.4% % Culled During 2 nd Lactation 44.7% 34.1% 24.7% 27.1%
Herd Response to CLARIFIDE N=1504 Heifers Avg. GPTA HCR Avg. 1 st Service Conception Rate Top 25% GPTA HCR 2.0 49% Heifer Average 0.4 43% Bottom 25% GPTA HCR -1.1 36% Difference between Top & Bottom 13%
Herd Response to CLARIFIDE N=298 Cows Avg. Log SCC (GPTA SCS) Avg. Log SCC (Sire PTA) 76-100% 1.31 1.43 51-75% 1.51 1.95 26-50% 1.97 1.66 0-25% 2.1 1.85 Difference between Top & Bottom 0.78 0.42 16 Presentation Title 00/00/12 (Optional)
Herd Response to CLARIFIDE N=300 Cows Lactation Average Fat % Lactation Average Protein % 76-100% 4.07% 2.91% 51-75% 3.88% 2.79% 26-50% 3.70% 2.71% 0-25% 3.48% 2.62% Difference between Top & Bottom 0.59 0.29 17 Presentation Title 00/00/12 (Optional)
14% 12% GPTA DSB vs. % Stillbirths 1st Calving 13% DOA 10% % Stillbirths 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% -2% 3 (0/4) 4 (2/69) 5 (12/488) 6 (56/1140) 7 (84/1243) GPTA Daughter Stillbirth (# Calvings Observed) 8 (85/769) 9 (40/312)
Genetic Progress Quicker than ever before
Impact of Decision Making: Genetic Progress 2014 Average=206NM$ 2015 Average=290NM$ 2016 Average=384NM$ 20
Producers/Farm Genetic Progress = 84NM$/year Genomic Tested Genetic Progress = 65NM$/year Industry Genetic Progress = 33NM$/year 21 Presentation Title 00/00/12 (Optional)
Projected Heifer Inventory- Genetic Audit 81253 22 Presentation Title 00/00/12 (Optional)
CLARIFIDE Areas of Opportunity Best bulls combined with best female genetics = ROI Culling decisions Studies show bottom 5-7% of your heifers are costly $$$ Sexed semen usage & conventional usage Use the best sexed bull on your best genetic heifers = HUGE genetic progress!!! Beef Semen Usage Numerous areas of opportunity to use over the lifetime of the animal Parentage ID (17% on avg. incorrect) Use in conjunction with a mating program Inbreeding control corrective mating Haplotype/Recessive control
INTRODUCING CLARIFIDE PLUS
WHAT DO WE SEE IN CORN GENETICS?» YieldGard Corn Borer gene» Agrisure resistance to corn rootworm» Optimum Intrasect Xtra» TRIsect above-ground pests» Herculex XTRA Insect Protection technology» Aquamax drought resistance All trademarks are the property of Zoetis Inc., its affiliates and/or its licensors. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
IMPACT OF MORBIDITY IS SIGNIFICANT IN DAIRY COWS Incidence per Lactation Range Cost ($) per Case Culling Risk 1 (%) Displaced Abomasum 3-5% 1,2,3,4,13 $494 4 26.9 Ketosis 5-14% 1,3,4,13 $117-289 4,5 32.5 Lameness 10-48% 2,4,6,13 $177-469 4,7 16 2 Mastitis 12-40% 1,2,3,4,8,13 $155-224 4,8,9 32.7 Metritis 2-37% 1,3,10,11,13 $300-358 10,11 17.1 Retained Placenta 5-15% 1,2,3,4,11,12 $206-315 4,12 31.7 1 Grohn, Y. et al. 1998. Effect of Diseases on the Culling of Holstein Dairy Cows in New York State. J. of Dairy Sci, 81(4):966-978. 2 USDA. 2008. Dairy 2007, Part II: Changes in the U.S. Dairy Cattle Industry, 1991 2007 USDA-APHIS-VS, CEAH. Fort Collins, CO #N481.0311. 3 Bar, D., et al. 2007. Effect of repeated episodes of generic clinical mastitis on milk yield in dairy cows. Journal of dairy science 90(10):4643-4653. 4 Guard, C. 2009. The costs of common diseases of dairy cattle. Central Veterinary Conference Proceedings. Kansas City, MO.. 5 McArt, J.A. et al, 2015. Hyperketonemia in early lactation dairy cattle: a deterministic estimate of component and total cost per case. J. of Dairy Sci. 98(3):2043-2054. e Bicalho, R.C. Lameness in Dairy Cattle: A debilitating disease or a Disease of Debilitated Cattle? Western Dairy Management Conference, 2011. Pg 73-83. 7 Cha, E. et al. 2010. The cost of different types of lameness in dairy cows calculated by dynamic programming. Preventive veterinary medicine 97(1):1-8. 8 Cha, E, et al. 2014. Optimal insemination and replacement decisions to minimize the cost of pathogen-specific clinical mastitis in dairy cows. Journal of dairy science 97(4):2101-2117. 9 Cha, E, et al. 2011. The cost and management of different types of clinical mastitis in dairy cows estimated by dynamic programming. Journal of dairy science 94(9):4476-4487. 10 Overton, M. and J. Fetrow. 2008. Economics of postpartum uterine health. Proc Dairy Cattle Reproduction Council:39-44. 11 "The Value of Uterine Health: the diseases, the causes, and the financial implications." Dairy Cattle Reproduction Council article. 12 Guard, C., 1999. Retained Placenta: Causes and Treatments. Advances in Dairy Technology (1999) Vol. 11, page 81. 13 Zwald, N.R., K.A. Weigel, Y.M. Chang, R.D. Welper and J.S. Clay. 2004. Genetic selection of Health Traits using Producer-Recorded Data. I. Incidence Rates, Heritability Estimates and Sire Breeding Values. J. of Dairy Sci., 87:4287-4294.
POWER OF THE DATA IN CLARIFIDE PLUS Trait No. records in GE Mastitis (MAST) 4,267,826 Lameness (LAME) 3,744,435 Metritis (METR) 3,078,504 Retained Placenta (RETP) 3,479,000 Displaced Abomasum (DA) 3,131,012 Ketosis (KET) 1,995,574 Pedigree 15,616,182 Genotypes 105,152 Number of records available after cleaning and editing in August 2015 Over 10M lactations Source: Data on file, Zoetis internal data, August 2015, Zoetis Inc.
DAIRY WELLNESS PROFIT INDEX TM (DWP$ TM )» Comprehensive selection index Production, reproduction, health, type, wellness and polled» Economic index describing differences in lifetime profitability Same economic assumptions as Net Merit (NM$) for core traits Production Fertility Wellness 30 Health & Calving Type 34 Economic values from scientific literature for wellness traits Economic incentive for selection of animals with polled genotype 10 7 19
WHERE THE TIRE HITS THE ROAD REALITY!!! Sexed semen DONOR Dam RECIP getting embryo from 826 DWP$ 501 DWP$ 826 DWP$ 63 DWP$ 109 DWP$ Animal genomics from UW-Madison Integrated Dairy
Thank You!!! Questions? 30 Presentation Title 00/00/12 (Optional)