Byk Cloud Runner Mottling Trends: Process and Material Influences

Byk Cloud Runner Mottling Trends: Process and Material Influences Linda Gerhardt, PhD Paint Quality & Competitive Benchmarking Global Center - Strategy and Planning GM ME Vehicle Systems June 2013

Agenda Initial & Long-Term Quality are Statistically Clustered JD Power IQS3 (NA Metric): First 90 Days of Ownership Paint Defects Blemishes, Dirt, Runs Peeling, Chips, Scratches Initial Quality: OEMs are Statistically Clustered JD Power VDS (NA Metric): Measured at 3 Years Paint Durability Fading, Chipping Peeling, Cracking Long-Term Quality: OEMs are Statistically Clustered ~2 IPHV ~4 IPHV

Agenda Perceived Quality: Not Easily Defined An Emotional Reaction Not Easily Characterized Perceptions Can Hold Even if Actual Quality Changes Quality Perception: First 10 minutes First Impressions Extend Beyond Exterior Appearance and are Not Captured in Standard Quality Metrics Perceived Quality is the Single Most Important Contributor to a Company s ROI, having more Impact than Market Share, R&D, or Marketing Expenditures Aaker, Dr. David, Building Strong Brands, New York: Simon and Schuster, Ltd., 2002

Agenda Paint Perceived Quality: A Science Methods that Capture the Customer s Emotional Reaction PQ Dimensions Derived from Product Reviews and Customer Clinics / Verbatims Objective Metrics Correlated with what the Customer Sees and Values Benchmarking and Data Collection that Allow for Real BIS Target Setting You Can t Manage What You Don t Measure. -- Peter Drucker

Agenda Field Survey -Validated Instruments Exterior Surface Appearance Nominal Orange Peel R Value & Surface Uniformity Shortwave (SW), Longwave (LW), DOI Structure Spectrum (du-we) & Structure Balance (B) Color Harmony Fascia and Body to Standard (GM Models) Fascia to Body Harmony (All Models) Metallic Mottle Nominal Mottle M Value Mottle Spectrum

Agenda Field Survey -Validated Instruments Exterior Surface Appearance Nominal Orange Peel R Value & Surface Uniformity Shortwave (SW), Longwave (LW), DOI Structure Spectrum (du-we) & Structure Balance (B) Color Harmony Fascia and Body to Standard (GM Models) Fascia to Body Harmony (All Models) Metallic Mottle Nominal Mottle M Value Mottle Spectrum

Mottling: An Undesirable Defect Which Can Occur with Effect Coatings It is Most Obvious on Light Metallic Finishes Total color impression shows irregular areas of lightness variation Most noticeable on large body panels Can be caused by coating formulation or application process

Mottling: Visual Evaluation The visual perception of mottling is dependent on viewing distance Large mottles can be seen at far distances Small mottles are more noticeable at short distances Visual evaluation is subjective, since it depends on lighting conditions, observation distance, and viewing angle

Byk Cloud Runner: Simulation of Visual Perception Objective evaluation requires measurement of lightness variation over a large sample area under different detection angles Byk Cloud Runner optical measurement includes White light LED at 15 angle 3 Observation Conditions: 15, 45, and 60 from the specular reflection

Byk Cloud Runner: Optical Principle & Measurement Scale The meter is rolled 10 cm (3.94 in) to 100 cm (39.4 in) and lightness variation is measured point by point Mathematical filters divide the signal into 6 mottling ranges and a rating value is calculated for each angle and mottle size The higher the value, the more visible the mottle for that range Small Mottles = Impact of Material Large Mottles = Impact of Process

Byk Cloud Runner: Interpretation of Measurement Data Small Mottles = Impact of Material Large Mottles = Impact of Process <0.5 in. 1-3 in. 2-5 in. Mottling is Dominated by the Maximum Value of the Large Mottles

Byk Cloud Runner: Preliminary Testing Measurement of Mottle at Dealerships (2009) Right Front Door Light Tri-Coat Impact of Material Technology / Process 15 Degree Mottle

2011 NA Field Survey: Mottle Measurement Pilot Metallic Mottle (Byk Cloud Runner) Background 2011: 1 st Year in NA Horizontal (Left Front Hood) Vertical (Left Front Door Upper) 2 Colors (Light Tri-Coat & Light Metallic) 2 Templated Locations / 5 Measurements per Location Targeted Vehicles All GM Models Marketed in NA Status JN11-AU11 Data Collection AU11-NV11 Data Analysis Light Tri-Coat Acadia CTS CTS Coupe CTS Wagon Enclave Escalade Escalade EXT LaCrosse Lucerne Malibu Sierra LD Silao SRX STS Suburban Tahoe Traverse Volt Yukon Yukon XL Light Metallic Acadia Avalanche Aveo BUP Camaro Camaro Conv. Canyon Colorado Corvette Cruze CTS CTS Coupe CTS V Coupe DTS Enclave Equinox CAMI Equinox OSH Escalade EXT Express Impala LaCrosse Malibu Regal Sierra LD FW Sierra LD SIL Silverado HD FLT Silverado LD FLT Silverado LD FW Silverado LD SIL SRX STS Suburban Tahoe Terrain Traverse Volt Yukon Yukon XL

Horizontal: Left Front Hood Vertical: Left Front Door Upper 2011 NA Field Survey: Light Tri-Coat 15 Degree Mottle 15 Degree Mottle

Horizontal: Left Front Hood Vertical: Left Front Door Upper 2011 NA Field Survey: Light Tri-Coat Basecoat Technology 15 Degree Mottle 15 Degree Mottle

Horizontal: Left Front Hood Vertical: Left Front Door Upper 2011 NA Field Survey: Light Tri-Coat Basecoat/ Clearcoat Technology 15 Degree Mottle 15 Degree Mottle

Horizontal: Left Front Hood Vertical: Left Front Door Upper 2011 NA Field Survey: Light Tri-Coat Application Process 15 Degree Mottle 15 Degree Mottle

Byk s SmartChart Software is Used to Set Up and Analyze Data for All 3 Instruments: BykMac, WaveScan, CloudRunner

2012 NA Field Survey: Mottle Measurement Pilot Metallic Mottle (Byk Cloud Runner) Background 2012: 2 nd Year in NA Horizontal (Left Front Hood) Vertical (Left Front Door Upper) 2 Colors (Light Tri-Coat and Light Metallic ) 2 Templated Locations / 5 Measurements per Location Targeted Vehicles All GM Models Marketed in NA Status JN12-JL12 Data Collection JL12-AU12 Data Analysis Light Tri-Coat Silverado LD Silao CTS Wagon Escalade EXT CTS Coupe CTS Volt LaCrosse Malibu 2013 SRX Enclave Acadia Regal Yukon XL XTS Suburban Escalade Yukon Escalade ESV Traverse Verano Light Metallic Acadia Camaro Camaro Convertible Canyon Colorado Corvette Cruze CTS CTS Coupe CTS Wagon Enclave Equinox CAMI Equinox OSH Escalade Escalade ESV Escalade EXT Impala LaCrosse Malibu 2013 Regal Savana Sierra HD Flint Sierra LD FW Sierra LD Silao Silverado HD Flint Silverado LD Flint Silverado LD FW Silverado LD Silao Sonic Sdn Sonic SUV SRX Suburban Tahoe Terrain Traverse Verano Volt XTS Yukon Yukon XL

15 Degree Mottle Vertical Surface 2012 NA Field Survey: Light Metallic Application Process

15 Degree Mottle Vertical Surface 2012 NA Field Survey: Light Metallic Basecoat Technology

15 Degree Mottle Vertical Surface 2012 NA Field Survey: Light Metallic Application Process

Byk Cloud Runner: Preliminary Testing Measurement of Mottle at Dealerships (2009) Right Front Door Light Tri-Coat Impact of Material Technology / Process 15 Degree Mottle Estat Robotic Bell Estat Robotic Bell Conversion Since 2011 Survey Data Collection

2012 NA Field Survey: Mottling Charts Plant A Light Metallic WBBC / 2KCC, Bell / Bell Negative Texture = Large Mottles More Apparent Positive Texture = Large Mottles Better Hidden by Small Mottle

2012 NA Field Survey: Mottling Charts Plant P Light Metallic SBBC / 1KCC, Bell / Gun Negative Texture = Large Mottles More Apparent Positive Texture = Large Mottles Better Hidden by Small Mottle

2012 NA Field Survey: Light Metallic - Vertical Mottling Charts BOB Plant A: WBBC/2KCC & Bell/Bell WOW Plant P: SBBC/1KCC & Bell/Gun

2012 NA Field Survey: Mottling Charts Plant A Light Metallic WBBC / 2KCC,Bell / Bell

2012 NA Field Survey: Mottling Charts Plant B Light Metallic WBBC / 2KCC,Bell / Bell

2012 NA Field Survey: Mottling Charts Plant C Light Metallic WBBC / 2KCC, Bell / Bell

2012 NA Field Survey: Mottling Charts Plant D Light Metallic WBBC / 2KCC, Bell / Bell

2012 NA Field Survey: Mottling Charts Plant E Light Metallic WBBC / 1KCC, Bell / Bell

2012 NA Field Survey: Mottling Charts Plant F Light Metallic SBBC / 1KCC,Bell / Bell

2012 NA Field Survey: Mottling Charts Plant G Light Metallic SBBC / 1KCC,Bell / Gun

2012 NA Field Survey: Mottling Charts Plant H Light Metallic WBBC / 2KCC,Gun / Gun

2012 NA Field Survey: Mottling Charts Plant I Light Metallic WBBC / 1KCC,Bell / Bell

2012 NA Field Survey: Mottling Charts Plant J Light Metallic SBBC / 1KCC,Bell / Bell

2012 NA Field Survey: Mottling Charts Plant K Light Metallic SBBC / 1KCC, Bell / Gun

2012 NA Field Survey: Mottling Charts Plant L Light Metallic WBBC / 2KCC, Bell / Bell

2012 NA Field Survey: Mottling Charts Plant K Light Metallic WBBC / 2KCC,Gun / Gun

2012 NA Field Survey: Mottling Charts Plant N Light Metallic SBBC / 2KCC, Gun / Gun

2012 NA Field Survey: Mottling Charts Plant O Light Metallic WBBC / 2KCC,Gun / Gun

2012 NA Field Survey: Mottling Charts Plant P Light Metallic SBBC / 1KCC, Bell / Gun

Byk Cloud Runner: Summary & Path Forward Meter Allows for Objective Evaluation of Mottle Gage R&R Validated In Paint Tool Box 2 Years of Field Survey Data for GM NA Models Show Potential Actionable Trends Cloud Runner Appears to be a Valuable Tool for Process Development for Launches & New Equipment (Pathwork Verification)