E. Liischer/P. Korpiun H. J. Coufai/R. Tilgner (Eds.) Photoacoustic Effect

E. Liischer/P. Korpiun H. J. Coufai/R. Tilgner (Eds.) Photoacoustic Effect

Edgar LUscher I Peter Korpiun Hans-JUrgen Coufal/Rainer Tilgner (Eds.) Photoacoustic Effect Principles and Applications Proceedings of the First International Conference on the Photoacoustic Effect in Germany Held on February 23-26, 1981 in Bad Honnef (FRG) Sponsored by the Stiftung Volkswagenwerk and the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft With 227 Figures Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH

CIP-Kurztitelaufnahme der Deutschen Bibliothek Photoacoustic effect, principles and applications: proceedings of the 1. Internat. Conference on the Photoacoust. Effect in Germany, held on February 23-26,1981 in Bad Honnef (FRGI/Edgar Liischer... (eds.). Sponsored by the Stiftung Volkswagenwerk and the Dt. Physikal. Ges. - Braunschweig; Wiesbaden: Vieweg, 1984. ISBN 978-3-528-08573-5 ISBN 978-3-663-06820-4 (ebook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-663-06820-4 NE: Liischer, Edgar [Hrsg.): International Conference on the Photoacoustic Effect (01, 1981, Honnef) 1984 AII rights reserved Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden 1984 Ursprunglich erschienen bei Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn Verlagsgesellschaft mbh, Braunschweig 1984 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, mechanical. photocopying or otherwise, without prior permission of the copyright holder. Produced by IVD, Industrie- u. VerlagSdruck, Walluf

v Prefa~ The interest in the photoacoustic effect as a base of new experimental techniques increased appreciately in the last ten years. Originally, the effect was used in the optic spectroscopy to investigate very weak optical absorption of gases. Now more and more publications report on applications to an increasing number of fields. This volume presents the contributions to the first international conference on the photoacoustic effect held in Germany. Corresponding to the present situation in photoacoustics, contributions on basic principles of the effect still represent the relative majority of the papers. Spectroscopy and detection of minute concentrations as well as monitoring the different partners in chemical reactions have remained up to now the main field of analytical application. There is, however, a growing number of new problems mostly unknown in photoacoustics still at the end of the seventies. Calorimetric applications to phase transitions, energy conversion processes as well as monitoring of photochemical reactions have gained remarkable attention within the photoacoustic community. It should be expected photoacoustics to become still more interdisciplinary in character. Applications of the photoacoustic effect to fields, at first sight so far distant, as electron paramagnetic resonance as well as nondestructive testing of materials are hints to this direction. Contributions on instrumentation rounded up the exchange of many field's knowledge. One value of this conference was&to make participants more aware of this evolutionary interaction. It offered the important opportunity to promote the spreading of that powerful technique into a still growing field of applications.

VI Preface The idea to hold such a meeting in Germany for the first time was due to Prof. H. Pelzl. Its realization was greatly supported by financial help of the Stiftung Volkswagenwerk and the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft, which is gratefully acknowledged. The Editors

VII Contents 1. Basic Principles Photoacoustic Effect in Condensed Matter - Historical Development E. LUscher Opto-Acoustic Spectroscopy - A Tool for the Study of Optical Spectra of very Transparent Materials C.K.N. Patel 21 1 Thermodynamic r~ode 1 s of the Photoacousti c Effect P. Korpiun 40 Frequency Dependent Photoacous tic Spectroscopy of Condensed t latter J. Pelzl 52 Photoacoustic Spectroscopies D. Fournier and A.C. Boccara Comparison Between Photoacoustic and Other Spectroscopies R. Til gner Generation of Acoustic Waves in Liquids by Pulsed Lasers H.W. Sigrist Piezoelectric Detection in Photoacoustic Spectroscopy. Theory and Application H.D. Breuer Photothermal Radiometry P.-E. Nordal and S.O. Kanstad so 94 los 115 129

VIII Contents 2. Spectroscopic Applications Applications of Resonant Photoacoustic Spectroscopy J. Roper, K. Frank, and P. Hess Photoacoustic Fourier Transform Spectroscopy for the Visible and the Near Infrared D. uebarre, A.C. Boccara and D. Fournier Photoacoustic Spectra of Biliverdin Dimethyl Ester S.E. Braslavsky, R. Ellul, S. Culshaw,I.-M. Tegmo-larsson, and K. Schaffner Quantitative Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of Phenolred Potassium Salt in Polyvinalalcohol W. Gortz and H.-H. Perkampus In Situ Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of Copper Electrodes in Solution U. Sander, J.K. Dohrmann, and H.-H. Strehblow 139 147 154 163 172 3. Photoacoustic Detection and Monitoring Optoacoustic Relaxation of Periodically Irradiated Solutions E. Hey and K. Gollnick 179 Photoacoustic Analysis of Chemical Reactions: H-D Exchange in the System H~s-o 2 s R. Kadibelban and P. Hess 180 PA-I>iethod Monitors Exhaust Gas Concentrations K. Stephan and W. Hurdelbrink Application of PAS on the local and Spectral Identification of Adsorbed ~lolecules S. Schneider, U. l lhller, and H. Coufal 188 195

Contents IX 4. Thermal Applications Optical Absorption Coefficient and Thermal Properties of Liquids, Measured by Photoacoustic Spectroscopy P. Poul et, J. Chambron, and R. Unterreiner The Photoacoustic Effect at Phase Transitions P. Korpiun Photocalorimetric Investigations of Energy Conversion Processes Using Photoacoustic Detection D. Cahen, S. Malkin,and H. Garty 203 211 242 Relative Efficiency of Flat Plate Solar Collectors by Transmission Photoacoustics; Importance of Plate Vibrations in Signal Generation D. Cahen 271 5. Photochemistry The Photocycles of Bacteriorhodopsin in Buffered Aqueous Suspension Studied at Low Temperatures by! leans of Photoacoustic Spectroscopy P.S. Bechthold, K.-D. Kohl, and ~1. Sperling 289 Photochemistry of Adsorbed Thioindigo Dyes H.D. Breuer, H. Jacob, and G. DUster Photoisomerisation of DODCI Studied by Photoacoustic Spectroscopy S. Schneider, u. Moller, and H. Coufal 301 308 ti. Nondestructive Testing Optoacoustic and Photothermal Imaging and Microscopy G. Busse 319

X Contents 7. Magnetic Resonance EPR of CuS c 4 5H2 0 and Fe (I I I)-TPP Detected by the Photoacousti c Effect U. Netzelmann, E.v. Goldammer, J. Pelzl, and H. Lerchner 333 Acoustic Detection of Magnetic Resonance H. Coufal 340 Applications of the Photoacoustic Effect to Ferromagnetic Resonance and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance H. Vargas 347 8. Instrumentation Instrumentation for Photoacoustic Spectroscopy and Calorimetry of Liquids and Solids P.S. Bechthold 375 Photoacoustic Cell for Low Temperature PAS K. Klein, J. Pelzl, and H. FUtterer 412 Photoacoustic Cells for Measurements at Various Temperatures and Pres~ures - Design and Characterisation - H. Coufal, U. MHller, and S. Schneider Self-Supporting Carbon Glass Films: A PAS Reference Sample H. Coufal A Photoacoustic Demonstration Experiment: Cheap and Easy H. Coufal and Ch. Stein 420 431 438