Transition to Antibiotic Free: Tips and Tricks January 2018 Greg Wideman, DVM
Key to successful antibiotic free production: RWA, ABF, NAE etc
Some of the small stuff Data and information management Disease elimination and control Weaning age Colostrum Farrowing room hygiene Piglet handling Iron/anemia Barn setup and management Water quality and treatment Communication
Data management Continuous measurement and review of key biologic and economic performance indicators Simple No duplicate data entry Web-based Close-out oriented Inventory tracking for program and treated pigs Benchmarking
Sow productivity update
Sow productivity update
Sow productivity update
Data management PigKnows open group mortality report Group Id Begin date Pigs started Pig Inv Days open Avg weight W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11 W12 W13 W14 W15 W16 W17 W18 W19 W20 W21 W22 Deaths % Mortality 176HK12 09/05/2017 398 251 121 22.34 2 1 2 3 1 2 4 1 3 4 1 2 1 27 6.8 176KO12 09/09/2017 1288 605 117 24.43 1 1 2 2 2 5 2 2 1 2 2 2 3 1 2 3 33 2.6 176WE13 09/18/2017 1300 849 108 25.16 1 3 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 21 1.6 176FE13 10/02/2017 1366 1271 94 25.38 1 2 1 2 4 3 1 6 1 7 7 35 2.6 176FE23 10/07/2017 1366 1254 89 23.38 1 2 3 6 3 3 3 3 6 6 11 2 49 3.6 176DW13 10/14/2017 2586 2563 82 24.29 1 4 1 3 3 2 1 6 2 23 0.9 176TT13 10/28/2017 1250 1232 68 25.07 1 3 1 4 1 2 1 2 3 18 1.4 176FE33 11/06/2017 1469 1244 59 27.12 1 2 1 4 3 8 8 9 36 2.5 176BE11 11/13/2017 1050 1043 52 26.65 1 4 1 1 7 0.7 176FE43 11/13/2017 1277 1251 52 25.03 2 2 4 7 5 5 1 26 2.0 176RU13 11/20/2017 1022 1013 45 24.83 1 2 1 5 9 0.9 176PA13 11/27/2017 1150 1137 38 24.45 4 4 2 2 1 13 1.1 176KU13 12/04/2017 1100 1088 31 26.66 2 3 5 2 12 1.1 176HA12 12/11/2017 1505 1472 24 25.40 1 2 3 6 0.4 176BB13 12/18/2017 1900 1897 17 26.61 1 2 3 0.2 176DW33 12/21/2017 725 725 14 24.99
Data Management Sample PigKnows nursery batch ends
Data management client-generated inventory monitor
Data management Vaccine reconciliation
Disease Control and Elimination OPIC AMU Project (2014) Goals: Quantify the amount and class of antimicrobials used to raise pigs from breeding to slaughter on a subset of Ontario farms. Understand the key drivers impacting on-farm antimicrobial choice and usage. Assess an AMU benchmarking strategy consider pros and cons for future efforts This project was funded in part through Growing Forward 2 (GF2), a federal-provincial-territorial initiative. The Agricultural Adaptation Council assists in the delivery of GF2 in Ontario.
OPIC AMU Project (2014) Demographics 36 volunteer farms (mean 440 sows) 105 sites 34,647 sows 867,329 piglets 839,913 weanlings 688,831 market hogs 13 volunteer feed suppliers 4 volunteer veterinary practices
Targets for Disease Elimination
Economic analysis of health costs associated with PRRS+ vs PRRS- production systems from Holtkamp, 2013
Mycoplasma hyopneumonia (MHP) drives antibiotic use
Success rate of MHP elimination projects from Yeske 2016, AASV
Disease Elimination - MHP year dressed weight ADG FCR Mortality % 2012 98.34 0.9 2.80 2.0 2013 99.05 0.917 2.76 2.4 2014 101.91 0.928 2.75 2.9 Mh+ average 99.77 0.915 2.77 2.4 2015 103.34 0.939 2.74 2.1 2016 103.41 0.955 2.60 2.4 Mh average 103.375 0.947 2.67 2.3 80 000+ pigs per year Mh- allowed removal of two 1-wk pulses of in-feed ctc 22mg/kg BW, overall G/F antibiotic use reduction 75%
Disease Prevention/Biosecurity Safe and secure gilt supply Incoming gilt isolation Transport plan especially cull sows and pigs Minimum Danish entrance standard Culture of audit, review and discussion
Farrowing Room Fine-tuning Colostrum measurement and management (immunocrits, split suckling, inducing)
Lets Colostrum Produced prior to farrowing 1 4.5 kg colostrum per sow Only expressed during first 24 hours after farrowing 80% reduction of antibodies by 24 hrs Pre weaning mortality Scours, swollen joints, greasy pig Lifetime performance Health and disease resistance Growth Age at puberty of gilts! Gilts future # born alive, litter growth rate!
Can we improve colostrum quality? Warm dry piglets! Parity structure Vaccines Nutritional supplements Careful induction of farrowing Can be measured! Brix refractometer Ig immunocrit ELISA/RID Meloxicam pre farrow Colostrum replacement (bovine)
Farrowing Room Fine-tuning Colostrum measurement and management (immunocrits, split suckling, inducing) Piglet chilling measurement and management (FLIR, drying, 24hr farrowing care)
Chilling
Farrowing Room Fine-tuning Colostrum measurement and management (immunocrits, split suckling, inducing) Piglet chilling measurement and management (FLIR, drying, 24hr farrowing care) Iron status measurement and management (HemoCue Hb 201+, iron reconciliation)
Data Management again!
Anemia Monitoring Hemoglobin assay, on farm test Verification of iron program
Weaning Age Impact of young pigs Impact of variation Implications on colonization/infection with bacterial pathogens
Sunwold Ontario Wean Age/Weight Challenge at sow unit Mean SD #closeouts 21 21 Weight in 12.03 0.53 Weight out 49.43 2.73 Mortality 3.30 1.24 ADG 0.802 0.06 FC 1.552 0.09
Weight (kg) 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 Largie and Peterborough Weight at weaning 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 Largie wean weight (kg) Average wean weight at Largie: 6.3kg Average wean weight at Ptbo: 5.8kg Week Ptbo wean weight (kg)
Mortality count 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Combined mortality count by week Average mortality count: 65.6 pigs/week Mortality counts from Largie and Ptbo presented together 6 7 8 9 10111213141516171819202122232425262728 Week
Pull count 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Combined pull count by week Average pull count: 161.7 pigs/week 6 7 8 9 10111213141516171819202122232425262728 Week Pull counts from Largie and Ptbo presented together
Sow Herd Weaning Age/Weight Interventions Correct split-suckling Eliminate late fosters Off-label use of Regumate to prevent early farrowings Coccidioisis control Review farrowing crate down days Review farrowing room treatment SOPs and efficacy Shipping room feed/water/temperature Replace water pump, focus on lactation feed intake
Results of sow herd interventions
Sunwold Ontario Wean Age/Weight Current closeouts Challenge at sow unit Mean SD Mean SD #closeouts 21 21 7 7 Weight in 12.03 0.53 13.54 0.62 Weight out 49.43 2.73 52.97 4.20 Mortality 3.30 1.24 2.49 0.84 ADG 0.802 0.06 0.872 0.10 FC 1.552 0.09 1.658 0.11
Why treat a Livestock Water System? 1. Make un potable water into potable water 1. Microbiological 2. Mineral 2. Treat/remove biofilm 3. Direct effect on pig 1. ph of gut 2. Direct nutrient value of water additive 3. other?
Water Quality Water availability Water palatability Pig pathogens in water (e.g. coliforms) Biofilm in water lines
Poultry Health Services, Airdrie, AB MALDI TOF Culture
Water Line Results (cultures), Pre treatment
Water Line Results (MALDI TOF), Pre treatment
Effective in presence of organic matter Higher amount of chlorine/more oxidation potential Effective at range of ph Chlorine dioxide
Water Line Results, Post Treatment
Significance TBD.. ClO2 batches versus non
Communication Frequent Informed Inclusive Collaborative Accountability Continuous improvement