Visual Communication in Science

What Do You Want Me to Know? Visual Communication in Science Judith A. Moldenhauer Professor of Art, Graphic Design Department of Art and Art History February 15, 2018

Visual Communication / Relationships / Science Visualization of information communicates Concepts the relationship of ideas Data the relationship of research results (changes data to information)

http://www.edwardtufte.com/bboard/q-and-a-fetch-msg?msg_id=0002w4&topic_id=1&topic=

Visual Communication Visual communication uses images typography and pictures that enable people to exchange information in meaningful ways. Visual communication displays relationships within information. The same information can tell you different things depending on how it is organized.

Dog Breeds Airedale American Pit Bull Terrier Australian Cattle Dog Bassett Hound Beagle Bloodhound Blutick Coonhound Boston Terrier Border Collie Boxer Bulldog Collie Cardigan Welsh Corgi Chihuahua Chow chow Dachshund Doberman Pinscher Fox Terrier German Shepherd Giant Schnauzer Golden Retreiver Irish Setter Jack Russell Terrier Laborador Retreiver Llasa Apso Minature Poodle Newfoundland Norweigan Elkhound Old English Sheepdog Pointer Pekingese Pomeranian Shar-pei St. Bernard Schipperke Rottweiler Vizsla Weimaraner Whippet Yorkshire Terrier

Dog Breeds / Country of Origin Australia England Germany Mexico Australian Cattle Dog Airedale Boxer Chihuahua Beagle Dachshund Belgium Border Collie Doberman Pinscher Norway Bloodhound Bulldog German Shepherd Norweigan Elkhound Schipperke Cardigan Welsh Corgi Giant Schnauzer Fox Terrier Pomeranian Switzerland Canada Old English Sheepdog Rottweiler St. Bernard Laborador Retreiver Collie Weimaraner Newfoundland Golden Retreiver Tibet Jack Russell Terrier Hungary Llasa Apso China Pointer Vizsla Chow chow Whippet Untied States Pekingese Yorkshire Terrier Ireland American Pit Bull Terrier Shar-pei Irish Setter Boston Terrier France Bluetick Coonhound Bassett Hound Minature Poodle

Dog Breeds / American Kennel Club (AKC) Groups Sporting Working Toy Non-sporting Golden Retreiver Boxer Chihuahua Boston Terrier Laborador Retreiver Doberman Pinscher Pekingese Bulldog Weimaraner Giant Schnauzer Pomeranian Chow Chow Vizsla Newfoundland Yorkshire Terrier Llasa Apso Pointer Minature Poodle Hound Rottweiler Herding Schipperke Bassett Hound St. Bernard Australian Cattle Dog Shar-pei Beagle Border Collie Bloodhound Terrier Cardigan Welsh Corgi Bluetick Coonhound Airedale Collie Dachshund Fox Terrier German Shepherd Norweigan Elkhound Jack Russell Terrier Old English Sheepdog Whippet American Pit Bull Terrier (called American Staffordshire Terrrier by AKC)

Dog Breeds / Size Large Medium Small Airedale Irish Setter American Pit Bull Terrier Bulldog Bluetick Coonhound Laborador Retreiver Australian Cattle Dog Cardigan Welsh Corgi Bloodhound Newfoundland Beagle Chihuahua Boxer Old English Sheepdog Border Collie Dachshund Chow Chow Pointer Boston Terrier Llasa Apso Collie Rottweiler Shar-pei Pekingese Doberman Pinscher St. Bernard Minature Poodle Pomeranian German Shepherd Weimaraner Fox Terrier Schipperke Giant Schnauzer Vizsla Whippet Yorkshire Terrier Golden Retriver

Visual Communication / Relationships What do you want me to understand about those information relationships? What is the take away? Once you know what you want to me to know about the information, you need to make visual choices about the images typography and pictures that support what you want me to understand.

Hierarchy of Information / Visualize Relationships What you choose will reveal the hierarchy of the information that is, what you want to see first, second, third, etc. and visualize the relationships within the information. Your visual choices use signals to reveal the hierarchy.

Visual Signaling / Visual Grammar Visual variables include Size Weight Shape Spacing Color Placement Change the signaling and you change the hierarchy of the information the relationship of the elements in an image change the meaning of the information.

Students Patents + Legal Affairs Healthcare Communication Doctoral Studies + Modules Teaching Communication Business Law Community Engagement Government Agencies Advocacy Organizations Healthcare Administration Government Industry Bio-tech / Pharma Post-Doctoral Studies Academic PUI / CC Industry Bio-tech / Pharma / Other Academic Research University

Students Patents + Legal Affairs Healthcare Communication Doctoral Studies + Modules Teaching Communication Business Law Community Engagement Government Agencies Advocay Organizations Healthcare Administration Government Industry Bio-tech / Pharma Post-Doctoral Studies Academic PUI / CC Industry Bio-tech / Pharma / Other Academic Research University

Modules Doctoral Studies Teaching Communication Business Law Community Engagement Government Agencies Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Phase 1: Introduction 1 day / 8 hours Phase 2: Workshops Choose 3 1 day / 8 hours each workshop Phase 3: Internship 1 semester Graduate Certificates Graduate Certificates Master s Degree Master s Degree Master s Degree Year 5 PhD Degree Completion Academic Research University Industry Bio-tech / Pharma Academic PUI / CC Healthcare Administration Government Patents + Legal Affairs Advocacy Organizations Healthcare Communication

Hierarchy of Information / Tufte Edward Tufte The Visual Display of Quanitiative Information Envisioning Information Visual Explanations Beautiful Evidence Chartjunk Data-ink ratio

Tufte, The Visual Display of Quantiative Information

https://www.biostat.wisc.edu/~kbroman/topten_worstgraphs/roeder_fig4.jpg

Diagrams and Charts / Examples Some categories of diagrammatic conventions + their problems Pie chart Bar chart Venn diagram Tree diagram Network diagram

Diagrams and Charts / Examples Some categories of diagrammatic conventions + their problems Poor use of typography Overuse of boxes and arrows Tendency to become too complex trying to do too much at once Use of 3D features that are irrelevant to the data

http://www.stevefenton.co.uk/content/blog/date/201109/blog/the-latest-shameful-pie-chart/?page=blog&date=20 1109&Blog=The-Latest-Shameful-Pie-Chart

http://skydancingblog.com/tag/federal-spending/

http://corrupteddevelopment.com/8-free-growth-graph-and-pie-chart-designs/

http://www.smartdraw.com/software/bar-chart-examples.htm

http://www2.southeastern.edu/academics/faculty/dgurney/math241/stattopics/graphguide2.htm

http://www.small-farm-permaculture-and-sustainable-living.com/planting_companion_vegetables_and_herbs.html

https://emlyntech.wordpress.com/

http://aspe.hhs.gov/sp/reports/2010/erpreqlim/report.shtml

http://www.publicinvolvement.org.uk/2011/05/controlling-the-nhs-a-new-prescription-for-a-lansley/network-diagram-2/

Systems of Visual Organization (SOVs) Axial Bilateral Radial Translateral Grid Modular Golden Rectangle Random SOVs help structure visual signaling and the relationships within information.

SOV / Axial https://emlyntech.wordpress.com/

SOV / Bilateral http://nrich.maths.org/7288

SOV / Radial http://aspe.hhs.gov/sp/reports/2010/erpreqlim/report.shtml

SOV / Translateral http://it.toolbox.com/blogs/enterprise-solutions/deliverable-current-situation-assessment-classic-30906

SOV / Grid http://metricmetal.com/standards_comparison.htm [top section]

SOV / Modular http://ritter.tea.state.tx.us/student.assessment/resources/online/2006/grade11/science/11science.htm

SOV / Golden Rectangle http://test.modemaudio.com/cras_mics/images/000000045_imgpattern.gif

SOV / Random http://www.expertsmind.com/questions/classification-and-selection-of-kpi-30131986.aspx

Visual Communication / Relationships / Science Visual signaling in scientific diagrams How can we use the grammar of visual design using visual variables and systems of visual organization to more effectively communicate scientific ideas and data?

http://www.edwardtufte.com/bboard/q-and-a-fetch-msg?msg_id=0002w4&topic_id=1&topic=

Visual Communication / Science Using what you have learned today Design a diagram using the research data you brought this session. What is the most important thing you want me to know about your data? How can you use visual signaling to communicate the data most effectively?

Resources (Books) Stephen Few Now You See It Katherine Harmon Personal Geographies and Other Maps of the Imagination Isabel Meirelles Design for Information Denis Wood The Power of Maps; Rethinking the Power of Maps

Resources (Internet) Karl Broman, University of Wisconsin https://www.biostat.wisc.edu/~kbroman/topten_worstgraphs/ The 27 Worst Charts of All Time http://www.businessinsider.com/the-27-worst-charts-of-all- time-2013-6?op=1 Charts Dos and Don ts http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/daviz/learn-more/ chart-dos-and-donts

Resources (Videos and Journal Article) Proving the Value of Visual Design in Scientific Communication Karen Cheng, University of Washington https://vimeo.com/181771433 or http://informationplusconference.com/2016/ A Brief Guide to Designing Effective Figures for the Scientific Paper Marco Rolandi, Karen Cheng, and Sarah Pérez-Kriz Advanced Materials, vol. 23, issue 38, 2011 https://vimeo.com/29189670

What Do You Want Me to Know? Visual Communication in Science Thank you! Judith A. Moldenhauer Professor of Art, Graphic Design Department of Art and Art History February 15, 2018