Figs 7 13. 7 8 Cryptorhopalum jantaricum sp. nov. holotype, 7 habitus ventral view, 8 head and antenna. 9 10 C. ambericum sp. nov. holotype, 9 habitus ventral view, 10 head and antenna. 11 C. dominicanum sp. nov. holotype, habitus lateral view. 12 13 C. electron, 12 habitus dorsal view, 13 habitus ventral view. 178
Cryptorhopalum dominicanum sp. nov. (Figs 11) TYPE MATERIAL. Holotype (male): Amber inclusion from the La Toca mines near Santiago (Dominican Republic), Oligo- Miocene age; provided with red, printed label: HOLOTYPE Cryptorhopalum dominicanum sp. nov. Jiøí Háva & Jakub Prokop det. 2004 ; deposited in the AWCC. DESCRIPTION OF HOLOTYPE. Male. Measurements (mm): TL 2.4 EW 1.2. Body, oval (Fig. 11). Head black, coarsely punctate with recumbent pubescence, eyes with microsetae, antennae brown, with 11 antennomeres, antennal club with 3 antennomeres (Fig. 11). Frontal median ocellus presented. Pronotum black, coarsely punctate with short recumbent pubescence, lateral margins not visible from above. Hypomeron narrow, slightly reaching antennal fossae. Scutellum triangular with short pubescence. Elytra coarsely punctate. Cuticle on elytra black, without fasciae, and covered only with recumbent pubescence. Pro- and metasternum coarsely punctated, with short recumbent pubescence. Metasternum with lateral carinae. Legs black, all tibiae and femora without black spines along shaft. Abdominal sternites finely punctate with short recumbent pubescence. Female unknown. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS. The new species belongs to the species group Cryptorhopalum electron. Habitus very similar to that of C. electron, but differing from it in the structure of antennal club (Tab. 1). NAME DERIVATION. The name is after the country of origin Dominican Republic. Cryptorhopalum electron Beal, 1972 (Figs 12 13) MATERIAL EXAMINED. 1 male: Amber inclusion from the La Toca mines near Santiago (Dominican Republic), Oligo- Miocene age. Specimen is deposited in the AWCC. REMARKS. Cryptorhopalum electron Beal, 1972 described from the Oligo-Miocene of the Mexican amber. Body measurements (mm): TL 2.4 EW 1.5. Habitus figured as in Figs 12 13 and antennal club as in Fig. 13. The first record from the Dominican amber is not surprising because of similar age and rather short distance in the past. Tab. 1. Diagnostic characters within Cryptorhopalum electron Beal species group sensu Beal (1972) and all currently described taxa of Cryptorhopalum Guérin-Méneville C. electron C. jantaricum C. ambericum C. dominicanum Beal sp. nov. sp. nov. sp. nov. antennal club: brown, short and black, short and broad brown, very short and brown, large and broad structure of terminal broad narrow antennomere hypomeron narrow, finely broad, not reaching broad, not reaching narrow, slightly reaching antennal antennal fossae antennal fossae reaching antennal fossae fossae 179
APPENDIX Fossil record of Dermestidae Subfamily: Dermestinae Tribe: Dermestini Dermestes Linné, 1758 Dermestes larvalis Cockerell, 1917: 43 (larvae) Dermestes pauper Heer, 1847: 43 Dermestes tertiarius Wickham, 1912: 14 Dermestes sp.: Larsson, 1978: 160 Dermestes sp.: Spahr, 1981b: 44 Subfamily: Megatominae Tribe: Attagenini Attagenus Latreille, 1802 Attagenus aboriginalis Wickham, 1913: 361 Attagenus ambericus sp. nov. Attagenus extinctus C. Heyden & L. Heyden, 1865: 31 Attagenus sopitus Scudder, 1900: 85 Attagenus sp.: Larsson, 1978: 160 Attagenus sp.: Spahr, 1981b: 43?Attagenus sp.: Wappler, 2003: 94 Tribe: Anthrenini Anthrenus O. F. Müller, 1764 Anthrenus sp.: Larsson, 1978: 160 (larvae) Anthrenus sp.: Spahr, 1981b: 43 Tribe: Megatomini Amberoderma gen. nov. Amberoderma beali sp. nov. Cryptorhopalum Guérin-Méneville, 1838 Cryptorhopalum ambericum sp. nov. Cryptorhopalum dominicanum sp. nov. Cryptorhopalum electron Beal, 1972: 317 Cryptorhopalum jantaricum sp. nov. Globicornis Latreille, 1829 Globicornis sp.: Larsson, 1978: 160 Globicornis sp.: Spahr, 1981b: 44 Megatoma Herbst, 1792 Megatoma sp.: Hieke & Pietrzeniuk, 1984: 23 Miocryptorhopalum Pierce, 1960 Miocryptorhopalum kirkbyae Pierce, 1960: 48 (larvae) Orphinus Motschulsky, 1858 Orphinus sp.: Larsson, 1978: 160 Orphinus sp.: Spahr, 1981b: 44 Trogoderma Dejean, 1821 Trogoderma sp.: Hieke et Pietrzeniuk, 1984: 23 Subfamily: Orphilinae Tribe: Orphilini Orphilus Erichson, 1846 Orphilus dubius Wickham, 1912: 15 Early Cretaceous: Burmese amber Early Miocene: Radoboj, Croatia Early Oligocene: Florissant, Colorado, USA Early Oligocene: Florissant, Colorado, USA Oligocene-Miocene: Dominican amber Middle Miocene: Salzhausen, Germany Early Oligocene: Florissant, Colorado, USA Middle Eocene: Eckfelder maar, Germany Oligocene-Miocene: Dominican amber Oligocene-Miocene: Dominican amber Oligocene-Miocene: Dominican amber Oligocene-Miocene: Mexican and Dominican amber (new record) Oligocene-Miocene: Dominican amber Miocene: Calico Mountains, California, USA Early Oligocene: Florissant, Colorado, USA 180
Subfamily: Trinodinae Tribe: Trinodini Trinodes Dejean, 1821 Trinodes sp.: Larsson, 1978: 160 Trinodes sp.: Spahr, 1981b: 44 Trinodes rufescens Reitter: Háva, 2003: 52 Genera incertae sedis Reeveana Dunstan, 1923 Reeveana intermedia Dunstan, 1923: 49 Reeveana major Dunstan, 1923: 48 Reeveana minor Dunstan, 1923: 50 Tryoniopsis Dunstan, 1923 Tryoniopsis granulata Dunstan, 1923: 52 Tryoniopsis punctata Dunstan, 1923: 51 Late Triassic: Queensland, Australia Late Triassic: Queensland, Australia Late Triassic: Queensland, Australia Late Triassic: Queensland, Australia Late Triassic: Queensland, Australia A c k n o w l e d g e m e n t s Authors are indebted to Doug Lundberg (Amberica West, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA) who kindly loaned us an interesting amber material of Dermestidae. We are also very grateful to David Král (Department of Zoology, Charles University, Czech Republic) and André Nel (Museum national d Histoire naturelle) for valuable comments to the manuscript. Finally we thank to Petr Kraft (Department of Palaeontology, Charles University, Czech Republic) for helping with microscope photography. The research was supported by the grants of the Ministry of Schools CEZ: J13/ 98-113100004 and the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic No. 205/03/D151. REFERENCES BEAL R. S. 1970: A taxonomic and biological study of species of Attagenini (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) in the United States and Canada. Entomologica Americana 45: 141 235. BEAL R. S. 1972: A new fossil Cryptorhopalum (Dermestidae: Coleoptera) from Tertiary amber of Chiapas, Mexico. Journal of Palaeontology 46: 317 318. BEAL R. S. 1992: A new genus and species of Dermestidae (Coleoptera) from Morocco. Coleopterist s Bulletin 46: 403 408. CARPENTER F. M. 1992. Insecta. In: MOORE R. C. (ed.): Treatise on invertebrate paleontology, part R, Insecta (3 4). Lawrence: University of Kansas, 655 pp. COCKERELL T. D. A. 1917: Arthropods in Burmese Amber. Psyche 24: 40 45. DUNSTAN B. 1923: Mesozoic Insects of Queensland. Part I. Introduction and Coleoptera. Queensland Geological Survey Publication 273: 1 88. HANDLIRSCH A. 1908: Die Fossilen Insekten und die Phylogenie der Rezenten Formen. Textband II. IV. Abschnitt. Tertiäre Insekten. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, 675 1092 pp. HÁVA J. 2001: Description of Trogoparvus sumatrensis gen. n., sp. n. from Sumatra (Coleoptera: Dermestidae: Megatominae). Èasopis Národního Muzea, Øada Pøírodovìdná 170: 27 29. HÁVA J. 2003: World Catalogue of the Dermestidae (Coleoptera). Studie a Zprávy Oblastního Muzea Praha-východ v Brandýse nad Labem a Staré Boleslavi, Supplementum 1, 196 pp. HÁVA J. 2004: World keys to the genera and subgenera of Dermestidae (Coleoptera), with descriptions, nomenclature and distributional records. Acta Musei Nationalis Pragae, Series B, Natural History 60: 149 164. HÁVA J. 2004: Fossils of Dermestidae. Homepage on the Internet: http://www.dermestidae.wz.cz/htm/fossil.html HEER O. 1847: Die Insektenfauna der Tertiärgebilde von Oeningen und von Radoboj in Croatien. Erste Abteuilung: Käfer. Neue Denkschriften Allgemeinen Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften 9: 1 222. HEYDEN C. & HEYDEN L. 1865: Fossile Insekten aus der Braunkohle von Salzhausen. Palaeontographica 14: 31 35. HIEKE F. & PIETRZENIUK E. 1984: Die Bernstein-Käfer des Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (Insecta, Coleoptera). Mitteilungen des Zoologisches Museum Berlin 60: 297 326. ITURRALDE-VINCENT M. A. & MACPHEE R. D. E. 1996: Age and paleo-geographic origin of Dominican amber. Science 273: 1850 1852. LARSSON S. G. 1978: Baltic amber a palaeobiological study. Entomograph 1: 1 192. PIERCE W. D. 1960: Fossil arthropods of California. 23. Silicified insects in Miocene nodules from the Calico Mountains. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 59: 40 49. POINAR G. O. Jr. 1991: Hymenaea protera sp.n. from Dominican amber has African a nities. Experientia 47: 1075 1082. 181
POINAR G. O. Jr. 2001: Dominican Amber. Pp.: 362 364. In: BRIGGS D. E. G. & GROWTHER P. R. (eds.): Palaeobiology II. Oxford, London, Edinburgh: Blackwell Science Ltd., 583 pp. SCUDDER S. H. 1900: Adephagous and Clavicorn Coleoptera from the Tertiary deposits at Florissant, Colorado, with description of a few other forms and a systematic list of the non-rhynchophorous Tertiary Coleoptera of North America. Monograph of the United States Survey, Washington 40: 3 148. SPAHR U. 1981a: Bibliographie der Bernstein- und Kopal- Käfer (Coleoptera). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde Ser. B 72: 1 21. SPAHR U. 1981b: Systematischer Katalog der Bernstein- und Kopal-Käfer (Coleoptera). Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde Ser. B 80: 1 107. WAPPLER T. 2003: Systematik, Phylogenie, Taphonomie und Paläoökologie der Insekten aus dem Mittel-Eozän des Eckfelder Maares, Vulkaneifel. Clausthaler Geowissenschaften 2: 1 241. WICKHAM H. F. 1912: A report on some recent collections of fossil Coleoptera from the Miocene shales of Florissant. Bulletin from the Laboratory National History University, Iowa 6: 3 38. WICKHAM H. F. 1913: The Princeton collection of fossil Beetles from Florissant. Annales of the Entomological Society of the America 6: 359 366. ZHANTIEV R. D. 2000: Classification and Phylogeny of Dermestids (Coleoptera, Dermestidae). Zoologicheskiy Zhurnal 79: 297 311. (in Russian, English summary). 182
Acta Soc. Zool. Bohem. 68: 183 189, 2004 ISSN 1211-376X Lucanus (Pseudolucanus) xerxes sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Lucanidae) from the Zagros Mts., with some distribution data to the lucanid fauna from Iran David KRÁL Department of Zoology, Charles University, Vinièná 7, CZ 128 44 Praha 2, Czech Republic; e-mail: kraldavid@centrum.cz Received September 1, 2004; accepted October 5, 2004 Published December 29, 2004 Abstract. Lucanus (Pseudolucanus) xerxes sp. nov. from the Zagros Mts of Iran is described, its diagnostic characters including aedeagus are illustrated. The new species differs from closely related L. (P.) barbarossa Fabricius, 1801 in the following characters: dorsal surface almost alutaceous, punctation more coarse and dense; ocular canthus rounded apically; longitudinal mandible depression shallow, lateral pronotum outline straight and divergent posteriad in anterior half, protibia with 6 7 external teeth. Additional distribution data of Dorcus parallelipipedus (Linné, 1758), D. vavrai Monfried, 1905, Lucanus (L.) ibericus Motschulsky, 1845 and Sinodendron persicum Reitter, 1902 from Iran are given. Taxonomy, new species, distribution, Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea, Lucanidae, Palaearctic region INTRODUCTION Approximately 95 species of the stag beetle genus Lucanus Scopoli, 1763 are known at present. They are distributed in the Palaearctic, Oriental and Nearctic zoogeographical regions (Krajèík 2001, 2003, Mizunuma & Nagai 1994). Representatives of the subgenus Pseudolucanus Hope et Westwood, 1845 are characteristic by presence of subapical longitudinal mandible depression and maximally one internal mandible tooth. This subgenus exerts an interesting discontinued distribution area. It is so far known from western part of Mediterranean (Iberian peninsula and Morocco), the Himalayas, China and North America (Mizunuma & Nagai 1994). In the present paper a new species of this subgenus is described from Iran. Distribution of lucanid species known from Iran are to date relatively very poor (cf. e.g., Baraud 1993, Dzhambazishvili 1979, Krajèík 2003, Král 1994, Nikolajev 1987, Mizunuma & Nagai 1994, Petrovitz 1980). Faunistic data published below are based also on material collected during the following expeditions to Iran: Czechoslovak-Iranian entomological expedition to Iran 1970 and 1977 and Czech biological expedition to Iran 1996 and 2000. MATERIAL AND METHODS The following codes (after Arnett et al. 1993) identify the collections housing the material examined: DKCP Czech Republic, Charles University, Praha, David Král collection; MJCP Czech Republic, Praha, Martin Johanides collection; MRCN United Kingdom, Norvich, Martin Rejzek collection; NMPC Czech Republic, Praha, National Museum (National History) (Jiøí Hájek); PKCP Czech Republic, Praha, Patr Kabátek collection; SKCL Czech Republic, Litvínov, Stanislav Kadlec collection; 183
VMCP Czech Republic, Praha, Vladislav Malý collection. Specimens of the newly described species are provided with one red printed label: Lucanus (Pseudolucanus) xerxes sp. nov., HOLOTYPUS or PARATYPUS with No. xy, and sex symbol for male, David Král det. 2004. Exact label data are cited for the type material only. Authors remarks and addenda are found in square brackets, [p] the preceding data within a quotation are printed, separate label lines are indicated by slash /. Transliteration of names of Irani provinces was adopted from Shenasi (1995). In the catalogue under each species mentioned there are only data concerning distribution in Iran. TAXONOMY Lucanus (Pseudolucanus) xerxes sp. nov. (Figs 1 6) TYPE MATERIAL. Holotype and paratypes (all males): Nos 1, 2, labelled: S Iran, prov. Fars, Kakan E / Yasug, N30 42 E51 38 / 2059 and 2315 m, 10.VII. / 2004, leg Petr Kabátek [p]; paratype No 3, labelled: SW IRAN, p. Buyer Ahmad-o- / Kuhqiluye, N30 51 E 51 30, / Sisaht 32 km NW Yasug, 12. / VII.2004, 2267 m, leg. Kabátek [p] ; paratypes Nos 4 6, labelled: S Iran, prov. Fars, Kakan E / Yasug, N30 42 E51 38 / 2059 and 2315 m, 14.VII. / 2004, leg Petr Kabátek [p] ; paratype No 7, labelled: SW IRAN, prov. Fars, 2056 m, / Dašt-e Ar an, W Širaaz / N29 34 N 51 57 E, 14.VII.2004 / leg.. Kabátek [p] ; paratypes Nos 8 11, labelled: SW Iran, Fars Prov. / KAKAN (E Yasug) / 30 42 N 51 38 E 2135 m / S. Kadlec lgt. 9.vii.2004 ; paratypes Nos 12 14, labelled: SW Iran, Fars Prov. / KAKAN (E Yasug) 2315 m / 30 42 N 51 38 E -2056 m / S. Kadlec lgt. 10.vii.2004 ; paratype No 15, labelled: SW Iran, Fars Prov. / Dasht-e Arzhan (W Shiraaz) / 29 34 N 51 57 E 2056 m / S. Kadlec lgt. 14.vii.2004 ; paratype No 16, labelled: SW IRAN, p. Lorestan / 10 km SW Dorud, 33[ ]26[ ]N / 49[ ]00[ ]E, 1431 m, 9.VII.2004 / lgt. Johanides [p] ; paratypes No 17, 18, labelled: SW IRAN, p. Buyer Ahmad- / o-kuhqiluye, Sisaht 32 km / NW Yasug, 30[ ]52[ ]N 51[ ]29[ ]E / 11.VII.2004 lgt. Johanides [p] ; paratypes Nos 19 21, labelled: SW IRAN, p. Fars / Kakan E Yasug, 30[ ]42[ ]N / 51[ ]38[ ]E, 2059 and 2315 m / 14.VII.2004 lgt. Johanides [p] ; paratype No 22, labelled: SW IRAN, prov. Fars / Dašt-e Arzhan, W Širaaz / 29[ ]34[ ]N 51[ ]57[ ]E, 2056 m / 14.VII.2004 lgt. Johanides [p] ; paratypes Nos 23 25, labelled: W IRAN, p. Lorestan 10 km / SW Dorud, 33[ ]26[ ]N 49[ ]00[ ]E / 1431 m, 9.VII.2004 / lgt. M. Rejzek [p] ; paratypus No 26, labelled: SW IRAN, Buyer Ahmad-o- / Kuhgiluye, Sisaht 32 km NW / Yasug, 30[ ]51[ ]N 51[ ]30[ ]E, 2267 m / 11.VII.2004 lgt. M. Rejzek [p] ; paratypes Nos 27 29, labelled: SW IRAN, p. Fars, / Kakan E Yasug, / 30[ ]42[ ]N 51[ ]38[ ]E, 2315 m, / 14.VII.2004 lgt. M. Rejzek [p] ; paratypes Nos 30 32, labelled: IRAN-prov. Fars 2.VII.2001 / Fort Sefid mt. 2600 m / 10 km SW of Daste-Arzhan / 29.34.57N 51.55.03E / lgt. M. Kalabza [p] ; paratypes Nos 33 35, labelled: IRAN-pr. Buyer Ahmad-o- Kuhgiluie / Kuh-e Dinar mts. 2700 m / valley E. Sisaht vill. / 6.VII.2001 30.50.08N 51.33.08E / lgt. M. Kalabza [p]. TYPE DEPOSITORY. Holotype in NMPC, paratypes Nos 15, 17, 25 and 32 in DKCP; Nos 16 and 18 22 in MJCP; Nos 23, 24 and 26 29 in MRCN; Nos 2 7 in PKCP; Nos 8 14 in SKCL; Nos 30, 31 and 33 35 in VMCP. DESCRIPTION OF HOLOTYPE. Body length 44 mm. Elongate, parallel (Figs 1, 5), moderately convex; whole surface almost black, almost alutaceous; palpes dark brown to black; ventral surface densely punctate to rugose, remarkably setaceous (Fig. 6), setation reddish to brown. Head transverse, flat, frons with convex carina medially (Fig. 1); anterior angle rounded; ocular canthi slightly divergent posteriad, rounded apically, not dividing eyes (Fig. 2); postocular process absent (Fig. 2); supraocular process remarkable (Fig. 1), rounded; surface finely and sparsely, rather irregularly punctate posteriorly, punctation becoming gradually more dense anteriad, near frons distinctly rugose. Antenna with shaft as long as funicle (scapus); antennomere 3 wider than long; club hexamerous, remarkably widened (Figs 2, 5, 6). Mandible (Figs 1, 5, 6) longer than head, regularly arcuate externally; internal tooth remarkably developed, situated approximately in the middle o mandible length; distal process very weak but visible; subapical longitudinal depression shallow, therefore indistinct; apex not bifid, almost acute; surface finely and sparsely, rather irregularly punctate anteriorly, punctation becoming gradually more dense posteriad, near basis distinctly rugose. Pronotum transverse, longer than head; with lateral and basal marginal rim; anterior margin bisinuate, anterior angle rounded; lateral margins straight, slightly diverged posteriad (subparallel) to approximately 184
3/4 of length, distinctly emarginate subbasally; posterior angle remarkably acute, posterior margin weakly bisinuate (Figs 1, 5, 6); surface densely irregularly punctate and microsculptured; short golden setation present on anterior margin an basis. Scutellum rounded apically, distinctly densely punctate. Elytra oval, longer than head and pronotum combined (Figs 1, 5, 6); basis straight, sides regularly rounded; surface densely finely (more than on pronotum) irregularly punctate and microsculptured; very shortly (nearly invisibly) setate; setation yellowish-brown. Protibia with 6 external teeth (Figs 1, 5, 6), meso- and metatibia armed with 4 external teeth (Fig. 1); all tarses with brushes of short yellowish-brown setae. Aedeagus as in Figs 3, 4. VARIABILITY. Body length 33 44 mm. In small specimens mandibles shorter than head, supraocular process less developed to absent; internal mandible tooth less developed but present in all material examined; distal mandible process almost absent. Some paratypes with 7 external protibial teeth. Female unknown. Figs 1 4. Lucanus (Pseudolucanus) xerxes sp. nov., holotype (male); 1 habitus, 2 right antennal club and lateral outline of head, 3 aedeagus, 4 parameres; dorsal aspect (1 3), ventral aspect (4). 185
Figs 5, 6. Lucanus (Pseudolucanus) xerxes sp. nov., habitus of holotype (male); 5 dorsal aspect, 6 ventral aspect. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS. Lucanus (Pseudolucanus) xerxes sp. nov. is closely related to the westernmediterranean species L. (P.) barbarossa (Fabricius, 1801) by having both hexamerous antennal club, mandible with one internal tooth and anterior longitudinal depression. For differentiation from each other see the table below (Tab. 1). From the Pseudolucanus species distributed in westernmost part of the Himalaya (P. deuvei J.-P. Lacroix, 1988, P. grouldi Planet, 1897 and P. wittmeri J.-P. Lacroix, 1984), the new species differs mainly by distinctly more developed antennal club. Additionally the antennal club is less than hexamerous in these species. However, to possess this character (remarkably large hexamerous antennal club) the new species resembles rather an enigmatic Lucanus macrophyllus Kraatz, 1860 described from Asia minor, Caramania. But this taxon has bifid mandible apex and a number of more or less developed internal mandible teeth. Therefore it seems to belong to the nominotypical subgenus near to Lucanus (L.) ibericus or to be identical with it (Kraatz, 1860b: 275, fig. 29; Krajèík 2002: unpaginated page, fig. 1). COLLECTING CIRCUMSTANCES. All type specimens excepting paratypes Nos 30 35 have been collected at light during the night. In all localities mentioned above its habit seem to be refugia of forested areas consisted from various shrubs and solitary trees of e.g., Acer monspessulanus, Amygdalus sp., Crataegus sp., Pistacia sp., dominating by oak of Quercus brandtii (Martin Rejzek pers. comm.). 186
Tab. 1. Differentiation characters between Lucanus (Pseudolucanus) barbarossa (Fabricius) and L. (P.) xerxes sp. nov. (for males only) character stated L. (P.) barbarossa L. (P.) xerxes sp. nov. body shape remarkably plump more slender, parallel (Figs 1, 5, 6) dorsal surface moderately shiny, punctation almost alutaceous, punctation more fine and sparse coarse and dense ocular canthus acute apically rounded apically (Fig. 2) antennomere 3 elongate more or less quadrate (Fig. 2) shape of antennal club elongate, antennomeres moderately quadrate, antennomeres remarkably (antennomeres 5 10) widened widened (Fig. 2) internal mandible tooth weakly developed remarkably developed subapical longitudinal mandible deep, therefore remarkable shallow, therefore indistinct depression lateral pronotum outline in arcuate straight, divergent posteriad (Figs 1, 5) anterior half number of external protibia teeth 3 4, rarely 5 6 7 (Figs 1, 5, 6) distribution Morocco, Portugal, Spain Iran DISTRIBUTION. The Zagros Mts in Boyerahmad-va-Kohgiluyeh, Fars and Lorestan provinces of Iran. NAME DERIVATION. The new species is named after the king Xerxes (= Khashayar Shah; 520 465 BCE), very well-known ruler over the ancient Persia; noun in apposition. DISTRIBUTION Dorcus parallelipipedus (Linné, 1758) Dorcus parallelipipedus: Baraud 1993: 53; Krajèík 2003: 66. MATERIAL STUDIED. Iran, Gilan prov.: C Elborz, Hazar Chay, S Amol, 400 m, 23. 24.vii.1970, Loc. No. 69, Exp. Nat. Mus. Praha, 1/0 in NMPC; Sheykh Mahalleh [near Asalem], 28.6. 3.vii.1977 160 m, loc. No. 390, Exped. Nat. Mus. Praha, 0/1 in NMPC; Talesh Mts., N slopes, 15 km WWS of Asalem by road, 11. 12.v.1996, D. Král lgt., 5/5 in DKCP; 40 km E of Rudbar, 36 48 N 49 38 E, 1030 m, 27. 28.vi.2000, P. Kabátek lgt., 1/1 in DKCP; 67 km NW Bandar-e-Anzali, Asalem, 37 41 N 48 50 E, 280 m, 29. 30.vi.2000, P. Kabátek lgt., 1/0 in DKCP; Iran, Khorasan prov.: Feyzabad, 25 km E of Gorgan, 27.vii.1970, Loc. No. 75, Exp. Nat. Mus. Praha, 1/0 in NMPC; Wildlife park, Vicinity of Dasht, 650 m, 27. 30.vii.1970, Loc. No. 77, Exp. Nat. Mus. Praha, 2/1 in NMPC; Elborz Mts., Golestan forest, 700 m, 50 km NE Minudasht, 20.vi.2000, S. Kadlec lgt., 1/0 in SKCL; 64 km NE of Minudasht, 37 22 N 56 00 E, 1096 m, 19. 20.v.2003, P. Kabátek lgt., 1/0 in DKCP; Iran, Mazandaran prov.: 10 km S Behshahr, 480 m, 23. 24.vi.1977, Loc. No. 380, Exped. Nat. Mus. Praha, 0/1 in NMPC; Alborz Mts., N slopes, 10 km NEE of Chorti by road, ca 500 m, 10. 11.v.1996, D. Král lgt., 2/4 in DKCP; 10 km S Èalus, 36 34 N 51-22 E, 250 400 m, 21. 23.vi.2000, P. Kabátek lgt., 1/0 in DKCP. DISTRIBUTION. Widely distributed, known from whole Europe, north Africa, Caucasus, western parts of Asia, Kazakhstan (Baraud 1993, Krajèík 2003, Nikolajev 1987). Dorcus vavrai Nonfried, 1905 Dorcus vavrai Nonfried, 1905: 12; Krajèík 2003: 70, pl. 2: fig. 5; Schenk, 2003: 19.? Dorcus peyroni: Petrovitz 1980: 638. MATERIAL STUDIED. Iran, Boyerahmad-va-Kohgiluyeh prov.: 32 km NW of Yasug, 30 52 N 51 20 E, 2054 m, 23.vii.2004, P. Kabátek lgt., 1/0 in DKCP, 0/2 in PKCP; Iran, Fars prov.: Zagros mts., 10 km N of Firuz Abad, 28 55 N 52 31 E, 1450 m, J. Hájek & M. Mikát leg., Iran 2000, Czech Biological Expedition, 1/1 in DKCP; Dašt-e Arzhan, W Širaaz, 29 34 N 187