CANADA'S NORTH GRADE 4 SOCIAL STUDIES NAME: DATE:

CANADA'S NORTH GRADE 4 SOCIAL STUDIES NAME: DATE:

Date: Name: Map of Canada Legend q Nunavut q Northwest Territories q Yukon

Facts Yukon Northwest Nunavut Territory Territories Size Population Capital City Capital City's Population Other Communities Interesting Facts 3.1.2-125

Date: Name: Looking at the Arctic These words describe the Arctic: 128-3.2.1

I Introducing Nunavut Nunavut is the newest territory in Canada. The Aboriginal people of Nunavut are the Inuit, which means "the people." In the 1970s, a group of Inuit leaders started to work to create a new territory that would be governed by the Inuit. They wanted to be sure that their culture and land would be protected. These leaders suggested that the Northwest Territories be divided in two, and that the eastern part, where the majority of the people were Inuit, become Nunavut. Eventually, the governments of the Northwest Territories and of Canada agreed to the plan. On April 1, 1999, the territory of Nunavut was born! The rock formation shown on the flag of Nunavut is called an inuksuk. This is the Inuit word for a pile of stones used as a landmark. An inuksuk is used to help mark hunting locations, travel directions, and food caches. Can you see the shape of a person or a human form in the inuksuk? The Inuit people sometimes even build an inuksuk for companionship during long, lonely hunting journeys. 3.4.1-133

Date: Name: Nunavut Territory

Nunavut 1. Nunavut became Canada's newest territory in the year 2. Nunavut means in the Inuit language. 3. Nunavut is the largest territory. Its area covers 4. Most of the people who live in Nunavut are is the capital city of Nunavut. 6. Nunavut's flower is the 7. Nunavut's bird is the 8. Three languages are spoken in Nunavut: and An interesting fact that we learned about Nunavut is: 3.4.3-135

Comparing the Land Arctic Tundra Land Around Our Community I I 3.5.1-139

Nunavut's Natural Resources Most of Nunavut is part of the Canadian Shield, a region of hard rock formed billions of years ago. The Canadian Shield contains minerals such as gold, nickel, zinc, copper, and iron ore. Miners dig for lead, zinc, and silver at the Polaris mine on Little Cornwallis Island, and at the Nanisivik mine near Arctic Bay. Gold has been mined at the Lupin mine on Contwoyto Lake, but low gold prices have forced its closure. Companies are also exploring for diamonds on Victoria Island, at Rockinghorse Lake, and near Kugluktuk. Oil and gas have also been discovered in Nunavut. There is an oil field in production at Bent Horn on Cameron Island. W 40 140-3.5.2

Date: Name: Animals in Nunavut 10 caribou seal 0 snowy owl 0 musk ox Arctic hare beluga whale Arctic fox ptarmigan polar bear 10 9 9 I I I I 1 3.6.1-143

Nunavut Animal Riddles I have long, shaggy brown hair. I live in a small herd. I have ong horns and short legs. What am I? In winter, my coat is thick, fluffy, and white. In summer, my coat turns brown. I belong to the dog family. I have a long, bushy tail. What am I? I am a member of the deer family. I live in a large herd and travel a long way to look for food. The Inuit hunt me for meat and use my skins for clothing. Iamabirdofprey - Ihunt and kill my food. I have a thick coat of white feathers all over my body, which makes me look kind of snowy. I live in the Arctic in the summer and hunt lemmings. What am I? I have long ears. In the winter, I have white fur. My fur turns grey in the summer. This helps me to hide from my enemies. I hop on my hind legs to escape from danger. What am I? What am I?

Nunavut Animal Riddles 0 1 I am a mammal and live in the sea. I feed on fish and crustaceans. Under my skin, I have a layer of fat called blubber that keeps me warm in the cold sea. On land, I use flippers to move. I am eaten by polar bears and by the Inuit. What am I? I am a bird, and I stay in the Arctic all year round. In the winter, my feathers are white and help me to hide from predators in the snow. I have feathers on my feet to keep them warm and to help me walk on top of the snow. During the summer, my feathers are brown and help me to hide in the tundra. I am a member of the bear family. I have white fur and lots of fat to keep me warm. I can swim very well and love to hunt seals. What am I? What am I? I am a very big mammal. I live in the Arctic Ocean. I am white in colour. What am I? 3.6.2-145

Date: Name: Researching a Nunavut Anima Animal's Name: What it looks like: What it eats: I How it moves: Diagram: I I 146-3.6.3

Date: Name: Comparing Families An Inuit Family My Family a How are the two families the same? How are the two families different? 148-3.7.1

Okpik of the North Long ago, there was an Inuit boy who lived in Nunavut with his family. The boy's name was Okpik, which means "snowy owl" in his language. In summer, Okpik and his family lived in a tent made of caribou skins. They hunted caribou, gathered berries, and fished. In the winter, Okpik and his family travelled on the sea ice, building igloos for shelter and hunting for seals. Okpik learned many things from his father. His father taught him how to build an igloo from blocks of snow. He taught Okpik how to train the dogs and drive the dog sled. His father also taught him how to hunt and how to tell if the ice was safe to walk on. 1 1 I E 1 150-3.8.1

Okpik's little sister was named Siksik, which means "little squirrel:' She learned many things from her mother, like how to cut up meat and fish and animal skins. Siksik also learned how to soften the skins by biting them with her teeth; the skins could then be used for making clothes. Siksik's mother taught her how to sew the skins together to make parkas and boots, using needles made of bone and thread made from animal sinew. V4 4 Each day, Father and Okpik took the dogs and sled out onto the ice to look for seals. When Father found a small hole in the ice, he told Okpik it was a breathing hole for the seals. Okpik watched as his father crouched by the breathing hole with his harpoon ready. Finally, there was a slight sound, and Father threw the harpoon quickly, saying a prayer to the spirit of the seal. Okpik helped his father pull the dead seal from the water. They put the seal on the sled and went back to the igloo. 3.8.1-151

Inside the igloo, Mother and Siksik had lit the seal oil lamp to give the family light and heat to warm the igloo. When Okpik and Father arrived, Mother and Siksik used a curved knife called an ulu to cut up the meat and remove the skins. Everyone ate the delicious seal meat. Then Mother spread out a seal skin onto the floor of the igloo for the family to sleep on. By now the igloo was warm and cozy. Okpik snuggled on the seal skin and dreamed of the day when he, too, would be a great hunter for his people. 152-3.8.1

Date: Name: Life in Nunavut: Then and Now Write a story as though you are an Inuit child in the past. Hello, my name is Write a story as though you are an Inuit child today. Hello, my name is

Inuit Clothing in the Past we Long ago, there were no stores for people in the Arctic to go to for clothing. Instead, each piece of clothing was made by hand from materials that were available. Most clothing was made from caribou skin because it is light, yet very warm. Inuit women learned how to sew clothing from animal hides when they were very young girls. Little girls were given an ulu, a curved knife used for scraping hides and cuffing meat. Sewing needles were made of ivory or bone. 0 Preparing the hides took many hours. Women scraped and cleaned the skins. The skins were then stretched and dried. Later, the skins were chewed and rubbed until they were soft. There were no sewing machines; all the clothes were sewn by hand. F) R 3.9.1-155

It took twelve caribou skins to make a set of winter clothing for an adult: two pairs of pants and two parkas. The outer set was worn with the fur outside, and the inner set was worn with the fur next to the skin. This kept the Inuit very warm. Women wore parkas with very large hoods. Babies were carried in their mother's hood until they were two years old. Absorbent sphagnum moss was used as a diaper. Miffs were made of sealskin or polar bear fur. Warm, flexible waterproof boots called kamiks were made of sealskin. a r Snow goggles were made of narrow pieces of ivory or bone and were worn to protect the eyes from the glare of sunlight off the snow and ice. Narrow slits allowed the person to see, but prevented snow blindness. a a a a 9 11 156-3.9.1

0 0 Inuit Clothing Today Caribou skin clothing is still made and worn by some Inuit when hunting far from the community - nothing is warmer. But most people buy clothes from a store because they are easy to clean and mend. Even parkas are bought at a store, but they are not as warm as the caribou fur parkas. People of the Arctic wear the same type of clothing indoors that we do - dresses, pants and shirts, shoes, and socks. I 3.9.2-157

Today, women use sewing machines to sew clothes rather than sew by hand like they did in the past. Instead of snow goggles, most Inuit now wear sunglasses. 158-3.9.2

Clothing: Then and Now

0 Portage & Main Press 2003. May be reproduced for classroom use. Igloo

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Date: Name: Homes Igloo Model Modern Nunavut House Model 41 0 164-3.10.3

0 010 No Foods in Nunavut caribou fish Is 0 0 14 S 10 seal berries I whale polar bear 3.11.1-167 A

Foods in Nunavut fruit vegetables bread chicken pizza snack foods 168-3.11.1 a

Date: 0 Portage & Main Press 2003. May be reproduced for classroom use. 3&333333.3) Name: A Menu in Nunavut

Transportation to dogsled airplane 174-3.13.1 A

0 Transportation kayak E 3.13.1-175

III Transportation umiak snowmobile 176-3.13.1 0 0

Date: Name: My Adventure in Nunavut dogsled airplane kayak walking umiak snowmobile

Date: Name: Celebration in Nunavut Autumn