Indigenous s of Cattle In India Arjava Sharma and R.K. Pundir National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal 132 001 Haryana, India Cattle are considered to have been one of the earliest livestock domesticated by man for agricultural purposes. They were tamed to provide m ilk, meat and hides and for draft purposes. Where and when exactly this domestication started is not clearly documented historically. But it is thought cattle were probably first domesticated in Europe and Asia about 8500 years ago. Domesticated cattle belong to the family Bovidae, which includes ruminants with paired, hollow, unbranched horns that do not shed and an even number of toes. Bos indicus cattle include the humped cattle of the tropical countries like India and Pakistan. In India, there are 37 distinct breeds of cattle with number of un described populations called desi. Most of the indigenous breeds of cattle excel in the drought capacity as these were essentially selected and evolved for this function over the centuries. Purebred cattle breeds have been selectively bred over a long period of time to possess a distinctive identity in color, size, conformation, and function and have the prepotency to pass these traits to their progeny. The native livestock breeds exhibit a distinct superiority in utilizing poor quality feeds and are adapted to withstand heat and show better resistance to tropical diseases. Lack of planned breeding strategies and non availability of quality breeding bulls in the breeding tracts are the foremost factors responsible for such a chaotic state of affairs. In India, cattle is a major livestock species and represents about 38% of the total livestock population, which is 14.7% of the total world s cattle population. Status of Indian Cattle Genetic Resources As per the Livestock Census, 2007 the cattle population has been categorized as indigenous breeds, graded indigenous animals, non-descript indigenous animals, exotic and crossbred animals. The census data (2007) revealed that 16.6% of the cattle belong to exotic/crossbred, 11.6% to well described indigenous breeds and a large proportion of 69.7% has been classified as non-descript. In India, there are 199 m illion cattle heads listed in the year 2007. Among them, 33 million were crossbred and the rest 166 m illion were indigenous. The Indian cattle population experienced an increase of 6.98% during 1982 to 1997. The trend from 1992 to 1997, however, seems to be more or less static- a very lim ited increase in the population. The population of Indian cattle showed a decline of 10.06% from 1997 to 2003 and further increased by 7.50% from 2003 to 2007 (table 1). The Analysis of state wise population trends showed that the cattle population of the states of Himachal Pradesh, Maharashtra and Chandigarh remained unchanged over a long period from 1982 to 2007. The sates displaying appreciable rising trend during the same phase included Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Delhi, Gujarat, Jammu and Kashm ir, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Tripura, Tamilnadu and West Bengal. On the contrary, the states of Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamilnadu and Uttar Pradesh showed a declining trend in the course of the same era. As evident, with few exceptions the geographically bigger states have shown a diminishing trend in their cattle population. The major reason for such a decline in cattle population is envisaged as agricultural mechanization and a general fondness of buffalo over cattle for m ilk production. As per the livestock census, 2007 data the state of Madhya Pradesh held the largest cattle population in India followed by the states of West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra and Orissa (Table 1). The states of Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Haryana, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Tamilnadu, Uttar Pradesh and Tripura were able to reverse their negative growth to positive during 1997 to 2003 and 2003 to 2007. While during the same duration, states of Goa, Kerala, Manipur and Punjab still showed negative growth in their number. The states of Mizoram, Sikkim and Orissa experienced their growth rate from positive to negative during the same period. 68
Table 1 Cattle population and the trends of population over the years (in 000) State 1982 1987 1992 1997 Trend (1982-97) 2003 Trend (1997-03) 2007 Trend (2003-07) Andhra Pradesh 13,180 12,375 10,946 10602-19.55 9300-12.28 11223 20.67 Arunachal Pradesh 168 310 324 453 169.64 458 1.10 503 9.82 Assam 6,750 7,279 10,118 8,080 19.70 8440 4.45 10041 18.96 Bihar 17,527 20,839 22,154 23,550 34.36 10729-21.91 12559 17.05 Delhi 52 53 41 96 84.61 92 4.16 92 - Gujarat 6,994 6,240 6,804 6,749-3.50 7424 10.00 7976 7.44 Goa 132 112 98 92-30.30 76-17.39 71-6.57 Haryana 2,342 2,198 2,136 2,488 6.23 1540-38.10 1552 0.78 Himachal Pardesh 2,174 2,244 2,165 2,174-2236 2.85 2269 1.47 Jammu & Kashm ir 2,325 2,765 3.055 3,175 36.59 3084-2.86 3413 10.66 Jharkhand 7659 8781 14.65 Karnataka 11,300 10,174 13,173 10,831-4.15 9539-11.92 10503 10.11 Kerala 3,097 3,408 3,524 3,396 9.65 2122-37.51 1740-18.00 Madhya Pardesh 27,117 28,549 28,588 19,967-26.36 18913-5.27 21915 15.87 Chhatishgarh - - - 8882-9491 6.85 Maharashtra 16,162 16,979 17,446 18,072 11.81 16303-9.78 16184-0.73 Manipur 747 770 719 508-31.90 418-17.71 342-18.18 Meghalaya 550 587 535 756 37.45 767 1.45 887 15.64 Mijoram 49 50 59 33-32.65 36 9.09 35-2.77 Nagaland 151 203 332 383 153.64 451 17.75 470 4.21 Orissa 12,930 13,636 13,841 13,810 6.80 13903 0.67 12310-11.45 Punjab 3,263 2,830 2,909 2,632-19.33 2039-22.53 1777-12.84 Rajasthan 13,505 10,920 11,699 12,881-4.62 10854-15.74 12120 11.66 Sikkim 173 184 198 143-17.34 159 11.18 135-15.09 Tamil Nadu 10,365 9,342 9,278 14,931 44.05 9141-38.77 11189 22.40 Tripura 680 827 949 1,228 80.58 759-38.19 954 25.69 Uttar Pardesh 26,153 26,320 25,635 20,016-15.69 18551-7.32 18883 1.79 Uttaranchal* - - - 2031 2188 7.73 2235 2.15 West Bengal 15,658 20,311 17,453 17,832 13.88 18913 6.06 19188 14.54 Union Territories A & N Islands 37 46 50 60 62.16 64 6.66 49 23.43 Chandigarh 7 7 5 7-6 -14.28 7 16.66 Lakshadweep 2 1 2 3 50.00 4 33.33 7 75.00 Pondichery 93 89 90 73 21.50 78 6.41 84 7.14 Daman & Diu - - 8 5-4 -20.00 3 25.00 D & N Haveli 45 47 49 60 33.33 50-16.67 57 14.00 Total 192453 199695 204583 205903 6.98 185181-10.06 199075 7.50 Source Livestock Census of India (2007) wise Population As per the Livestock Census 2007, there are 44 cattle breeds/population numbering 23140848 heads. A total of 23 cattle breeds was confined to a single state/ut, whereas, the rest of the breeds were distributed across two or more states (table -2). The breeds which were found in maximum number of states included Hariana (12), Sahiwal (10) and Gir (8) breeds. The states of UP, Bihar and MP reported 8 breeds each whereas Rajasthan and Jharkhand reported 7 breeds each. Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra census revealed that there were 6 breeds in each of these states and Karnataka reported 5 breeds. A 69 total of 7 cattle breeds showed their population of more than 10 lakhs. The population of dual purpose breed Kankrej breed was found to be maximum (38.84 lakhs) in the country followed by Hariana (26 lakhs), Hallikar (21.9 lakhs), Gir (21.3 lakhs), Malvi (15.2 lakhs), Khillar (14.2 lakhs) and Malnad Gidda (12.82 lakhs). The large population of draft breeds like Hallikar and Khillar found in southern and western parts of the country indicated that there is still need of bullocks in the different agricultural operations in the that area. In contrast to this about 138.7 million i.e. 69.7% of the total cattle population wa s declared as non-descript. Therefore, there is a possibility of many homogenous populations
deserving the status of breeds in this huge nondescript figure of cattle. For example, a large cattle population of more than 19 m illion of West Bengal and about 22 million of Madhya Pradesh was largely represented by non-descript animals. There are a few breeds which are registered but not included in the Livestock Census, 2007 like Kosali and Pilikulam etc. Therefore, there is a need to explore and study the non-descript cattle populations for their description and registration as new breeds in the cattle breed list of India and then include in livestock census. Table: 2 -Wise Population And Availability In Different States Of Different Cattle s As Per The Livestock Census, 2007 SN Number States 1 Alamadi 31874 Tamil Nadu(31,874) 2 Amrit mahal 96021 Karnataka(96,021) 3 Bachaur 454103 Bihar(2,13,697), Jharkhand(2,40,406) 4 Bargur 20879 Tamil Nadu(20,879) 5 Binjharpuri 29749 Orissa(29,749) 6 Dangi 303630 Gujarat(2,08,862), Maharashtra(90,163), D & N Haveli(4,375), Daman & Diu(230) 7 Deoni 165846 Andhra Pradesh(23,928), Karnataka (68,820), Maharashtra (73,098) 8 Gangatiri 375154 Jharkhand(10,348), Uttar Pradesh(3,64,806) 9 Gaolao 222566 Bihar(1,77,329), Madhya Pradesh(8,982), Maharashtra(36,255) 10 Ghumsuri 82117 Orissa(82,117), 11 Gir 2126421 Andhra Pradesh(657), Chhattisgarh(44,873), Gujarat(13,99,677), Madhya Pradesh(71,909), Maharashtra(1,01,845), Rajasthan(5,06,096), D & N Haveli(260), Daman & Diu(1,104) 12 Hallikar 2191486 Andhra Pradesh(1,90,798), Goa(113), Karnataka(19,99,024), D & N Haveli(16), Pondicherry(1,535) 13 Hariana 2600111 Bihar(3,39,566), Chhattisgarh(76,224), Haryana(6,27,671), Himachal Pradesh(33,307), Jharkhand(58,521), Madhya Pradesh(27,118), Orissa(73,791), Punjab(2,02,017), Rajasthan(5,74,464), Uttar Pradesh(5,75,070), Uttrakhand(11,816), Chandigarh(546) 14 Jellicut 34191 Tamil Nadu(34,191) 15 Kangayam 314817 Tamil Nadu(3,14,817) 16 Kankrej 3884457 Gujarat(26,81,764), Rajasthan(11,95,814), D & N Haveli(6,407), Daman & Diu(472) 17 Kenkatha 179987 Madhya Pradesh(62,913), Uttar Pradesh(1,17,070) 18 Kherigarh 171414 Punjab(1,214), Uttar Pradesh(1,70,200) 19 Khillari 1419735 Karnataka(4,52,558), Maharashtra(9,67,177) 20 Krishna valley 2314 Karnataka(2,314) 70
21 Kumauni 459 Uttrakhand(459) 22 Ladakhi 24213 Jammu & Kashm ir(24,213) 23 Maland Gidda 1282121 Karnataka(12,82,121) 24 Malvi 1515753 Madhya Pradesh(7,26,378), Rajasthan(7,89,375) 25 Manapari 102046 Tamil Nadu(1,02,046) 26 Mewati 75427 Uttar Pradesh(75,427) 27 Motu 700908 Orissa(7,00,908) 28 Nagori 837334 Rajasthan(8,37,334) 29 Nimari 309237 Madhya Pradesh(3,09,237) 30 Ongole 257661 Andhra Pradesh(2,57,661) 31 Ponwar 24072 Uttar Pradesh(24,072) 32 Punganur 733 Andhra Pradesh(733) 33 Purnea 147988 Bihar(1,39,488), Jharkhand(8,500) 34 Rathi 924057 Rajasthan(9,24,057) 35 Red kandhari 176621 Maharashtra(1,76,621) 36 Red sindhi 550272 Bihar(20,778), Chhattisgarh(4,841), Himachal Pradesh (4,696), Jharkhand (56,149), Orissa(4,57,080), Punjab (3,615), Uttrakhand(3,113) 37 Sahiwal 457177 Bihar(43,042), Chhattisgarh (55,768), Haryana (34,721), Jharkhand (10,308), Madhya Pradesh (27,054), Punjab (42,111), Uttar Pradesh (2,41,114), Uttrakhand (2,958), Chandigarh (49), Delhi(52) 38 Siri 61750 Goa(63), Sikkim(61,687) 39 Tarai 2606 Madhya Pradesh (1,901), Uttrakhand(705) 40 Tharparkar 557621 Biha r(25,789), Chhattisgarh(627), Haryana(5,896), Jharkhand(10,262), Rajasthan(4,60,201), Uttar Pradesh(54,846) 41 Tho tho 207220 Nagaland(2,07,220) 42 Umblacherry 217960 Tamil Nadu(2,17,193), Pondicherry(767) 43 Vechur 160 Kerala(160) 44 Kasasagode 480 Kerala(475), Punjab(5) Total 23,140,748 Bold letters represented registered breeds in India s of Indigenous Cattle The indigenous Zebu cattle (Bos indicus linn) are described by some distinctive features like a prominent hump, a long face, upright horns, drooping ears, dewlap and slender legs. The prominent body color varies from white to gray and black. Zebus experience relatively lower basal metabolic rate and a superior ability for heat 71 dissipation in comparison to their taurine (Bos taurus) counterparts. Consequently, they easily adapt to the extreme tropical heat and acquire resistance to diseases, espe cially the tick-borne diseases. Zebu cattle, predominantly Ongole, Gir, Sahiwal and Tharparkar, have been imported, im proved and propagated/crossed in sub temperate/subtropical regions, such as the southern United States, South America and Australia for
developing tropically adapted dairy/beef cattle breeds in these countries. The global importance of Indian zebu cattle cannot be described in a better way than what has been conceived by Kanglade Sahiwal Cattle Stud, a member of the Austarlian Sahiwal Society. He suggested to switch Sahiwal breed because of her qualities, like: age of calving, excellent mothers, resistance to eye cancer, resistant to ticks, drought resistant, bloat tolerance, flourish in tropical areas, equable temperament and lean meat with even fat. The best Indian dairy, draught and dual-purpose cattle breeds are mostly found in the northwestern region of the country. Some superior dual-purpose breeds of northwestern region, viz. Red Sindhi, Sahiwal and Tharparkar, have their home tra cts in Pakistan. India now maintains only small populations of these prized breeds and that too largely in a few organized herds. Since these breeds are well adapted to the local Indian environmental conditions, there is a pressing necessity for their protection from dilution through crossbreeding and their conservation and multiplication using latest scientific advancements. Registration of cattle breeds of India Recently National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources (NBAGR), Karnal, Haryana has been given the responsibility to register available indigenous germplasm of livestock and poultry in the country. A total of 30 cattle breeds were registered as extant breeds and accession numbers were allotted to them in the year 2008. Since than 7 new cattle populations were also registered as recognized breeds and accession numbers were allotted. The new cattle breeds were Binjharpuri (Odisha), Ghumsuri (Odisha), Motu (Odisha), Khariar (Odisha), Pulikulam (Tamilnadu), Kosali (Chhattisgarh) and Malnad Gidda (Karnataka).If any individual/organization feels that there is a new cattle population in a particular area, they may contact NBAGR, Karnal and request the 72 Bureau for its characterization so that it may later be registered as new breed of cattle. Milk Productivity All the Indigenous cattle breeds have been further cataloged into milch, draft and dual-purpose breeds primarily based on their utility. Besides these there are several non descript and crossbred cattle populations in the country. Whatever little published description is available on the characterization of Indigenous cattle breeds, it is largely based on studies on animals maintained in their respective breeding tract. Information on Indian cattle genetic References resources with regard to their breeding tract, population status, phenotypic characteristics, morphometric and performance traits has been summarized in table 3. While compiling the information on the breed characteristics and trait performance, efforts have been made to give priority to include information collected on animals maintained by farmers in the breeding tract of the breed through field surveys conducted by National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal and other reports (Olver. 1938, Nivsarkar et al., 2000, and Pundir and Ahlawat. 2007, Singh and Pundir. 2013). The overall milk productivity of indigenous cattle has been estimated as 2.14 kg/day in India (2010). Punjab is at the top in the m ilk productivity of indigenous cattle (5.64 kg/day) and Haryana and Delhi are at second rank with the productivity of 4.68 kg/day from indigenous cattle. This may be due to better management of indigenous cows, better feed resources and availability of good breeds like Sahiwal and Hariana in these states. The indigenous cattle of Rajasthan and Gujarat are also having good m ilk productivity (3.68 kg/day), perhaps, due to the reason that top most indigenous m ilch breeds are available in these areas which include, Gir, Kankrej, Rathi, Sahiwal and Tharparkar. The milk productivity of indigenous cattle in othe r regions by and large varies from 1.00 to 2.78 kg/day. In India majority of indigenous cattle are having low productivity, which needs to be genetically improved by selective breeding. The feeding and health management are other aspects which have to be taken care in increasing the productivity. Though in majority of the states, Indian cattle breeds are draft in nature but a slight increase in their productivity may significantly increase the total milk production of the country as well as the livelihood of their owners. (Singh and Pundir 2013) 1. Nivsarkar, A. E., Vij, P. K and Tantia, M. S. Animal Genetic Resources of India, Cattle and Buffalo, Directorate of Information and Publication of Agriculture, ICAR, Krishi Anusandhan Bhavan, Pusa, New Delhi, 2000. 2. Olver, A. A brief survey of some of the important breeds of cattle in India, Miscellaneous Bulletin 17, Imperial Council of agricultural Research, New Delhi,1938. 3. Pundir, R. K and Ahlawat S. P. S. Indigenous s of Cattle and Buffalo, Dairy India, Yearbook, 2007, 6 th edition pp 261-271. 4. Singh P. K. and Pundir R. K. 2013. An overview of Indian cattle biodiversity. Invited paper presented in the National Sem inar on Technological and policy interventions for sustainable cattle breeding in India held on March 14, 2013 at Project Directorate on cattle, Meerut pp 3 www.dairyyellowpages.com It is the Best Place To Find Any Business Information of Dairy Industry.
Table: 3 Brief description of cattle breeds of India Utility ing tract Physical Characteristics Morphometric traits (in cow s, cm) Body Height at Chest Length wither girth 1.A mritmahal Draft 2.Bac haur Draft 3.Bargur Draft 4.Binjharpuri Draft 5.Dangi Draft 6.Deoni Dual 7.Gaolao Dual 8.Ghumus ari Draft Production perf ormance AFC LMY LL ICP (days) (Kg) (days) (days) H assan, C hikmagalur Gray c olour, compact body, long head, long 133.6 126.01 149.4 1520 572 299 430 Chitradurga horns, ears s mall and fine, well develop ±0.96 ±1.08 ±0.76 (Karnataka) dewlap and hump, bright eyes Madhubani, Gray colour, c ompact body, c ompac t hump, 109.70 110.41 140.22 1453 540 180 378 Darbhanga, forehead broad and flat, s hort face, ears Samastipur, s mall and dropping, horns s mall and stumpy M uzaffarpur (Bihar) 9.Gir Milc h Junagarh, Bhavnagar, Amreli (Gujarat) E rode (T amil N adu) Light gray c olour, forehead not prominent, 99.7 moderate hump, dewlap fine but well mashed ±2.00 108.36 ±0.80 139.92 ±0.9 1600 350 180 480 Jajpur, Kendrapara, c ompac t medium size body, s wiftness and 115.11 107.32 ±2.16 136.2 1090 900 290 409 Bhadrak (O dis ha) long tail with well developed s witc h, ±1.14 ±2.84 predominately whitis h in colour N asik, Ahmednagar White with red or black s pots, s kin oily, 122.28 113 139.29 1351 550 249 562 (M aharas htra) medium size, s mall head, ears s mall, s hort horns Maharashtra and Medium s ize, white with blac k s pots or white 120.1 122.2 151.81 ±1.92 11200 868 317 480 Karnataka with blac k spots, us ed for heavy work, well ±2.16 ±1.23 develop dewlap and s heath, ears s hort and pendulous Balaghat, Durg Medium s ize, white or gray c olour, flat 96.05 113.9 142.3 1600 559 249 430 Chhindwara, Sloni forehead, voluminous dewlap, long head, ±0.24 ±0.24 ±0.28 Rajnandgaon, (MP) s hort and s tumpy horns Wardha (M aharas htra) Ganjam, P hulbani, Small sized, horned s trong, draft type doc ile 107.8 102.91 ±1.58 126.2 1497 628 322 412 Cuttac k (Odis ha) cattle with good pos ture, grayis h white in ±0.71 ±0.28 c olour Red or s pec kled red colour, well proportionate 131.4 130.8 166.4 1440 2215 315 483 body, forehead broad and c onvex, prominent ±0.37 ±0.36 ±0.50 hip bones, long and pendulous ears, c urved horns 10.H allikar Draft 11.H ariana Dual Mys oire, Mandya, Gray c olour, medium s ize, prominent 130.2 Bangalore, Kolar, forehead, s hort hump, long face, moderate ±0.73 T umkur, H assan, dewlap, ears s hort and s harp, eyes s mall Chitradurga (Karnataka) H aryana, Uttar White or light gray colour, compact body, 139.2 P radeah, Rajasthan long and narrow fac e, flat forehead, s mall to ±1.11 medium ears, s mall dewlap 124.7 ±0.54 136.1 ±1.06 148.4 ±0.57 169.8 ±1.56 1400 541 285 600 1566 838 276 527 73
12.Kangayam Draft 13.Kankrej Dual E rode, Dindigul, Medium s ize, gray or white c olour, broad 130.7 124.6 155.3 1400 700 260 500 Karur, Coimbatore, forehead, ears s hort, face s traight, s hort Tamakkal (T amilnadu) nec k, s trong dewlap, s traight back, long horns Gujarat and Jodhpur Silver gray to iron grey colour, heavy 126.6 134.6 161.9 1400 1600 290 462 and Barmer divisions animals, broad chest, well develop and large ±1.5 ±1.1 ±1.8 of hump, dewlap moderate, thick skin, s hort Rajasthan face, large ears, lyre s haped horns 14.Kenkatha Draft 15.Khariar Draft 16.Kherigarh Draft 17.Khillari Draft 18.Kos ali Draft 19.Kris hna Valley Draft 20.M alvi Dual 21.M alnad Gidda Draft 22.M ewati Dual 23.M otu Draft Lalitpur, H amirpur, Gray c olour, s mall animals, c ompac t body, 116.2 111.5 142.0 1500 600 240 550 Banda, M ahoba hump well develop, dewlap moderate, ±1.6 ±1.1 ±1.1 (U ttar P rades h) drooping ears, s hort head, forehead dis hed Tikamgarh, Chhatarpur (M adhya Prades h) N aupada (O disha) Small s ized, horned s trong, mos tly draft type 106.2 102.2 123.2 1522 449 252 512 doc ile c attle with good pos ture ±1.41 ±1.38 ±1.31 Lakhimpur, Kheri Gray or white c olour, s mall animals, well 124.0 112.0 152.0 1500 362 320 500 (U ttar P rades h) developed hump, dewlap thin and pendulous, ±6.65 ±5.48 ±8.17 s mall face, s mall eyes Kohlapur, Sholapur, Grayis h white c olour, long forehead, c ompac t 132.28 ±0.34 126.57 ±0.21 156.80 ±0.30 1500 400 230 450 Sangli, Satana body, massive head, well developed hump, (M aharas htra), long horns, long and lean face Belgaum, Bijapur, Dharwad, Karnataka Bilas pur, Raipur, Small s ize c attle, red or white/grey coat 102.79 ±0.26 103.09 ±0.24 125.39 ±0.21 1590 210 220 540 Durg, Janjgir- c olours, c ompac t body, s traight forehead, Champa, C hhatis garh s tumpy, straight and s mall horns and s mall to medium hump and dewlap Kohlapur, Sangli, H eavy animals, gray, white, brown & white, 106.2 110.5 155.6 1400 750 375 450 Satara (Maharas htra) black & white c olour, c hes t deep and broad, Belgaon, Bijapur, large body, moderate dewlap, s mall and Raichur (Karnataka) pointed ears I ndore, Dewas, White and gray c olour, s hort breed, s traight 117.9 120.4 151.6 1476 915 259 402 U jjain, hajapur, bac k, strong horns, deep and c ompac t body, ±1.00 ±1.2 ±1.5 Mands aur, Ratlam, head short and broad, dewlap developed, Rajgarh (M adhya s mall and pointed ears. P radesh) Shimoga,H assan Five coat c olours ( blac k, brown, red, fawn 87.0 90.3 118.3 1370 500 268 510 Chikamanglur, U dupi, and white), dwarf animals weighing 90 to 140 ±0.65 ±0.46 ±0.67 Mangalore, Karwar, kg, c ompac t body, straight head, s hort limbs, Madikeri. s mall and well defined hump, Karnataka Mathura, Kos i (Uttar White colour, c ompact body, hump and 116.8 123.3 155.6 1400 958 292 503 P radesh) A lwar, dewlap medium, s mall horns, long and ±0.82 ±0.72 ±1.38 Bharatpur(Rajas than) narrow face, pendulous ears Malkagiri, Koraput Small s ized, s trong and hardy draft type 104.6 98.5 116.3 1593 142 160 422 (Odis ha), cattle having s mall c ompac t body short legs ±1.27 ±1.01 ±1.78 74
Chhattis garh, A ndhra and good pos ture, mostly brown in colour 24.N agori Draft N agore, Jodhpur White or light gray c olour, powerful body, 137.5 124.2 165.4 1410 400 240 500 (Rajas than) forehead flat, dewlap s mall, face is long and ±2.30 narrow, large and pendulous ears, hump well developed ±3.0 ±1.22 25.N imari Draft Khandua, Khargon, Red or large s plas hes of white on various 113.4 113.9 148.3 1400 400 240 500 Barwani (M adhya body parts, c ompac t and large body, well P radesh) develop hump, moderate dewlap, head moderately large, ears moderately long 26.O ngole Dual N ellore, Guntur, White or gray colour, large heavy animals, 139.55 143.94 165.3 1299 658 275 399 Parkas ham (A ndhra P rades h) long fac e, s hort and s tumpy horns, large dewlap, 27.P unganur Draft Chittoor Small c attle, white or light grey colour, 108 97 128 1125 550 280 500 (A ndhra P rades h) forehead c onc ave and broad, stumpy horns, long neck 28.P ulikulam Draft Madurai, White or greyis h c oat c olour, wide and s pread 114.5 112.2 139.2 1400 500 270 700 Virudhunagar and horns, c ylindrical body, s hort and horizontal ±0.69 ±0.79 ±1.10 Sivagangai, ears, s mall udders 29.P onwar Draft Pilibhit (U ttar P rades h) Brown or black with white patc hes, s mall and 97.1 narrow fac e, s mall horns, dewlap medium, ±0.05 s mall hump, forehead slightly conc ave 108.9 ±0.40 140.6 ±0.50 1500 462 280 480 30.Rathi Milc h Bikaner, Ganganagar, Brown with white patches colour, deep c hest, 125-139 107-129 156-169 1500 1600 350 550 Jais elmer (Rajas than) s traight face, moderate hump, horns s hort, medium ears, broad face 31.Red Sindhi Milc h Organized Farms Dark red colour, head well proportionate, 123.66 ±0.77 119.46 ±0.90 162.43 ±1.24 1382 1552 291 385 horns thick c urved upward, heavy hump, dewlap and s heath, ears moderate drooping, well developed udder 32.Red Dual N anded, Latur, Bidar, Good looking, dark red c olour, broad 109.3 121.7 149.8 1443 565 274 443 Kandhari H ingoli P arbhani forehead, ears long drooping, black ring ±0.9 ±1.2 ±1.3 (M aharas htra) around the hoof, moderate hump, dewlap moderate, shining eyes 33.Sahiwal Milc h Pakis tan, Ferozepur, Reddis h dun, pale red or brown colour, long 131 124 164 1267 2236 315 475 Amritsar (P unjab) d body, moderate forehead, horns are s hort H anumangarh and and s tumpy, ears are medium in s ize, Ganganagr capacious udder 34.Siri Draft Darjeeling, Sikkim And Wes t Bangal Small animals, hill c attle, black or white with 119.7 white patches, c onvex forehead, horns and ±1 1.47 ears are medium 118.5 ±8.85 147.9 ±8.18 1600 500 230 450 35.T harparkar Milc h Jodhpur, Barmer, White or light gray colour, head moderate 136.4 122.6 161.9 1230 1868 285 452 Jais elmer (Rajas than) thic k, broad and flat forehead, c urving horns, ±3.76 large udder, c apac ious udder ±0.47 ±0.94 36.U mblac herry Draft T hanjavur, T hiruvarur, N agappattinam Gray with white patc hes mos tly on face and 109.3 legs, s hort and s traight fac e, s hort ears, ±0.30 broad forehead 104.8 ±0.26 134.7 ±0.47 1600 500 260 450 37.Vec hur Draft Kottayam Dwarf breed, light red or black or fawn and 93 89 1223 1100 500 225 450 (Kerala) white c olour, compact body, long head, narrow face, s mall horns curved upwards 75