OIE ad hc Grup n Animal Welfare and Pig Prductin Systems/August 2017 231 Annex 34 Original: English August 2017 1. Welcme and intrductin REPORT OF THE OIE AD HOC GROUP ON ANIMAL WELFARE AND PIG PRODUCTION SYSTEMS Paris, 29 31 August 2017 The OIE ad hc Grup n Animal Welfare and Pig Prductin Systems (the ad hc Grup) met at the OIE Headquarters n 29 31 August 2017. The members f the ad hc Grup and ther participants at the meeting are listed at Annex I. Dr Matthew Stne, Deputy Directr General f the OIE, welcmed and thanked the ad hc Grup n behalf f the Directr General fr their agreement t wrk with the OIE n this tpic, and prvided sme backgrund cncerning recent OIE prgress in respect f animal welfare. Dr Stne highlighted the adptin f the OIE Glbal Animal Welfare Strategy by the OIE General Assembly f delegates in May 2017. He further utlined the prgress twards the establishment f the Frum n Animal Welfare, in rder t prvide better engagement with stakehlders, which will meet in 2018. Dr Lepld Stuard Escbar asked Members t carefully cnsider all cmments prvided by OIE Member Cuntries and partner rganisatins in the wrking dcument and the need t prvide a clear ratinale, particularly when nt accepting a cmment. Dr Stuard als nted that while references were helpful in the wrking dcument t assist Delegates t understand the scientific basis f the recmmendatins, these wuld nt be included in the text adpted by Delegates. Dr Stuard indicated that the reprt f the meeting will be presented t the OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Standards Cmmissin (Cde Cmmissin) in September 2017, and it was anticipated that this wuld be circulated t OIE Members as an annex t the Cde Cmmissin reprt (nrmally in Octber). The draft agenda was adpted withut mdificatins. The adpted agenda is at Annex II. Dr Birte Brberg, Chair f the ad hc Grup, pened the meeting thanking the members f the ad hc Grup fr their dedicated wrk, and als the Member Cuntries and rganisatins in sending their cnstructive cmments. 2. Review f Member Cuntries cmments n the draft chapter n Animal Welfare and Pig Prductin Systems The ad hc Grup develped a revised draft Chapter 7.X. which is included as Annex III fr cnsideratin by the Cde Cmmissin at its September 2017 meeting. Sme OIE Members and partner rganisatins made prpsals withut prviding a (scientific) ratinale, making it difficult t take these cmments int accunt.
232 OIE ad hc Grup n Animal Welfare and Pig Prductin Systems/August 2017 Annex 34 (cntd) Cmments were received frm Australia, Canada, China, Japan, New Calednia, New Zealand, Nrway, Mexic, Switzerland, United States f America, Eurpean Unin (EU) and the Internatinal Calitin fr Animal Welfare (ICFAW). During the revisin f this chapter and in respnse t a number f Member Cuntries cmments, the ad hc Grup made varius changes thrughut the text t imprve grammar, syntax, and clarity. Article 7.X.1. In respnse t Member Cuntries cmments t replace "bilgical functining with mental and physical wellbeing in the final sentence f the third paragraph, the ad hc Grup agreed in part with cmment and decided t replace "bilgical functining with well-being, in rder t harmnise the text with the new prpsed definitin f animal welfare. The ad hc Grup agreed t remve physical and mental health t imprve the clarity f the sentence, as these are intrinsically linked t wellbeing. The ad hc Grup did nt agree with a Member Cuntry cmment t delete the last sentence f the third paragraph, as the justificatin t delete the sentence was partly taken int accunt by replacing bilgical functining with well-being. Regarding Member Cuntries cmments n the furth paragraph that defines steretypy, prpsing t replace and unvarying by which have n bvius purpse r functin, and editing the secnd sentence as fllws: Permanent dysfunctin f the central nervus system in respnse t stressful cnditins may mean that develped steretypies may nt reslve despite later changes t the envirnment r ther treatment. The ad hc Grup agreed with the ratinale and mdified the text t take the cmment int accunt. At the end f the sixth paragraph tw Member Cuntries prpsed t add a new sentence describing harmful redirected behaviurs. Hwever, the ad hc Grup did nt cnsider it was necessary as tail biting is cnsidered in ther articles thrugh the chapter. Article 7.X.2. The ad hc Grup added the wrd cmmercial befre dmestic t be cnsistent with the terms f Article 7.X.3. Article 7.X.4. A Member Cuntry prpsed t change threshlds t parameters as parameter refers t the measurements taken, rather than threshld which may be interpreted as referring t the welfare f the animal. Regarding this request the ad hc Grup recalled its previus discussin, and did nt agree with the prpsed change as it culd cause sme misinterpretatin. 1. Behaviur A Member Cuntry cmment prpsed t separate behaviurs as "nrmal" and "abnrmal" and rganise them int a table by "apprach, measurable and indicatrs, as well as t revise these same criteria in ther articles. The ad hc Grup cnsidered that this apprach was nt apprpriate as it culd be pen t misinterpretatin and may als verlap with ther articles cntent. Regarding an Organisatin cmment t include wallwing in excrement as an example f behaviurs that culd indicate welfare prblems, the ad hc Grup did nt cnsider wallwing the apprpriate term t be used, and there is n need t specify a behaviur as the article is nt intended t list all behaviurs.
OIE ad hc Grup n Animal Welfare and Pig Prductin Systems/August 2017 233 Annex 34 (cntd) The ad hc Grup agreed with a Member Cuntry prpsal t add r health and replace f by in as sme f the descriptrs are nt behaviurs, but are clinical signs f ptential disease (e.g. respiratry rates, cughing) in rder t imprve the clarity and cmpleteness. In relatin t a Member Cuntry cmment t replace are by may be and t add and an alert dispsitin at the end f the sentence, the ad hc Grup did nt agree t add may be nr with the prpsal t include and an alert dispsitin because the article is describing psitive indicatrs. 2. Mrbidity rates In respnse t a Member Cuntry prpsal t delete Rates f and abve recgnised threshlds and add individual animals the ad hc Grup did nt agree as the sentence is referring t herds nt t individual animals and decided fr the same reasn t keep rates f. 3. Mrtality and culling rates In respnse t a Member Cuntry prpsal t add the phrase Ideally, mrtality and culling rates shuld be lw, as this wuld indicate that the animals were healthy and prductive. The ad hc Grup cnsidered the change unnecessary, because the prpsal is related t animal health rather than t animal welfare and is already addressed in the recmmendatins. 6. Physical appearance The ad hc Grup agreed with Member Cuntries prpsal that bdy cnditin in this place shuld indicate cmprmised welfare, added utside an acceptable range after bdy cnditin, adapting the wrding t be cnsistent with pint 4 f this article. The ad hc Grup did nt agree with a prpsal f a Member Cuntry t add abnrmal t bdy cnditin, as it wuld nt add clarity t the existing text. Regarding Members Cuntries prpsals t remve "in indr systems" in the furth bullet pint, the ad hc Grup agreed in rder t imprve the clarity. Regarding the fifth bullet pint, Member Cuntries prpsed t delete the wrd reddish and add abnrmal t skin disclratin, r just leave skin disclratin deleting abnrmal, the ad hc Grup agreed t delete reddish as skin disclratin in itself wuld be cnsidered as abnrmal. The ad hc Grup did nt agree with a Member Cuntry prpsal t add r lcmtin t the end f the ninth bullet pint, as it is cvered already in bullet pint 8 n lameness. Member Cuntries prpsed rewrding the bullet pint n emaciatin r dehydratin. A Member Cuntry prpsed t add especially detectable befre piglets, and anther Member Cuntry asked t remve in piglets frm the end f the bullet. Regarding these prpsals the ad hc Grup agreed in rder t make it clear that emaciatin r dehydratin is easier t detect in piglets. T be cnsistent with the prpsal f a Member Cuntry t include sunburn t the Outcme-based criteria crrespnding t article 7.X.22., the ad hc Grup agreed t include it in the fifth bullet pint f this Article. 7. Handling respnse The ad hc Grup agreed with a Member Cuntry prpsal t insert the wrd may t clarify that the list f indicatrs is nt a cmplete list but a range f indicatrs.
234 OIE ad hc Grup n Animal Welfare and Pig Prductin Systems/August 2017 Annex 34 (cntd) In the first bullet pint a Member Cuntry prpsed t insert the wrds abnrmal r excessive befre vcalisatin t specify which type f vcalisatin wuld be assciated with pr humananimal relatinships. The ad hc Grup agreed with the prpsal, as there are several kinds f vcalisatins in term f frequency and intensity. On the same tpic, anther Member Cuntry prpsed t insert the wrds high pitched vcalisatin, in this regard the ad hc Grup did nt agree as vcalisatin is nt always high, and this was addressed by the amendments already made t the article. 8. Lameness Regarding the presence f lameness in pigs a Member Cuntry prpsed t insert the wrds severely and severe t specify the varying threshlds and level f lameness pigs can experience. The ad hc Grup did nt agree as it is nt necessarily the severity that will lead t difficulty fr the pigs t access feed and water, and because the wrd may indicates that this may nt happen in all cases. 9. Cmplicatins frm cmmn prcedures A Member Cuntry prpsed adding the wrds may be instead f are regarding the prcedures applied in pigs, as sme are nt always perfrmed. The ad hc Grup did nt agree with the prpsal as it did nt add clarity t the sentence as it is referring t the prcedures perfrmed that are specified in the text. In respect f anther Member Cuntry cmment regarding the same tpic prpsing t add painful and are with the same ratinale, and t add a reference t anaesthesia and analgesia. Regarding bth cmments the ad hc Grup did nt agree with the suggested changes because nt all the prcedures mentined in the prpsal are painful when carried ut crrect, and als the secnd part is a recmmendatin which is already mentined in the article n recmmendatins. The ad hc Grup agreed t reinstate the reference t human safety t be cnsistent with the mdificatins dne in Article 7.X.8. Fllwing a Member Cuntry cmment the ad hc Grup added suffering t the third bullet. The ad hc Grup cnsidered that suffering is a term cmmnly used t dente negative r nxius subjective r emtinal mental experiences. The term usually refers t strngly negative experiences. Suffering is nt a demnstrable entity, despite the cmmn use f the term in that way. It is a generic term representing negative r nxius mental experiences. These experiences relate t numerus specific sensatins r emtins, examples f which fr the present cntext include anxiety, fear and pain. Other relevant examples include severe breathlessness, thirst, hunger and nausea. Thus, an animal r persn is said t be suffering when anxiety, fear, pain and/r distress becme mre intense and apprach their maxima (derived frm Mellr et al., 2009). The ad hc Grup discussed the need t include a definitin f suffering in the Glssary, due t its use in this and ther chapters in the OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Cde (Terrestrial Cde), and prpsed the fllwing: Suffering: means negative r nxius subjective r emtinal mental experiences. These experiences relate t numerus specific sensatins r emtins, and pertinent examples in this cntext include anxiety, fear and pain. Other examples include severe breathlessness, thirst, hunger and nausea. Thus an animal is said t be suffering when anxiety, fear, pain r distress becme mre intense and apprach their maxima (derived frm Mellr et al., 2009). Reference: Mellr D.J., Pattersn-Kane E., Staffrd K.J. The Sciences f Animal Welfare. Wiley- Blackwell Publishing, Oxfrd, UK, 2009.
OIE ad hc Grup n Animal Welfare and Pig Prductin Systems/August 2017 235 Annex 34 (cntd) Taking int cnsideratin that there is already a definitin f suffering in Chapter 7.8., n the use f animal in research and educatin, the ad hc Grup wuld like t recmmend als, chsing which f the tw is mre cmprehensive and apprpriate fr inclusin in the Glssary. The same culd be applicable t the terms pain and distress, which are nly applicable t Chapter 7.8., but they are mentined in several ther animal welfare chapters. The ad hc Grup agreed with a Member Cuntry suggestin t add increased t the bullet pint n mrtality, mbility and culling t imprve the clarity. Article 7.X.5. Member Cuntries and an Organisatin prpsed replacing 7.X.26. with 7.X.27. as this article als prvides recmmendatins fr measures applied t pigs. The ad hc Grup agreed in rder t imprve readability. The ad hc Grup agreed with Member Cuntries requests t rewrd the secnd paragraph t read Each recmmendatin in Articles 7.X.6. t 7.X.24. includes t clarify that utcme-based criteria are included up t Article 7.X.24. The sentence Ideally, frm an animal welfare perspective these criteria shuld be ptimised. was added t the end f the third paragraph in Article 7.X.5. (Recmmendatins). Article 7.X.7. The ad hc Grup agreed with Member Cuntries cmments, t change fd t feed in the first paragraph t harmnise with ther chapters f the Terrestrial Cde. This change was dne thrughut the draft chapter fr cnsistency. In respnse t Member Cuntries request t replace nibbling with biting, the ad hc Grup agreed t delete the term nibbling, as it is nt a bradly accepted term in current literature. In respnse t a Member Cuntry and an Organisatin prpsal t rewrd the furth paragraph t read and be able t mve away frm the handling aid, the ad hc Grup cnsidered it apprpriate and agreed t the prpsal in rder t add clarity t the text. Hwever, regarding the prpsal t include the terms stmach and ears, the ad hc Grup nly cnsidered it necessary t include ears, as the stmach is an internal rgan that cannt be visually evaluated. In respnse t a request f a Member Cuntry and an Organisatin t add lud nises, the ad hc Grup agreed with the suggestin as it adds clarity t the text. Hwever it did nt agree with a Member Cuntry prpsal t add and peple shuld nt raise their vices r make lud nises arund pigs t the fifth paragraph because it is already taken t accunt with the additin f lud nises. Article 7.X.8. In respnse t a Member Cuntries suggestin t reinstate imprve human safety, the ad hc Grup agreed with this cmment, as human safety is a critical cmpnent f human-animal interactins. Anther Member Cuntry suggested t replace are by may be, as sme f these prcedures are nt always perfrmed and the ad hc Grup agreed with the prpsal as it imprved the text. Regarding a Member Cuntry prpsal t add in the secnd paragraph r bth after anaesthesia and analgesia, as bth are necessary t prevent pain during the prcedure and mre lng-term pain, the ad hc Grup agreed with the suggestin clarifying that a cmbinatin f bth wuld be apprpriate.
236 OIE ad hc Grup n Animal Welfare and Pig Prductin Systems/August 2017 Annex 34 (cntd) The ad hc Grup did nt agree with a Member Cuntry suggestin t remve nly when necessary and as it creates cnfusin and is superfluus in the phrase, whereas the first paragraph clearly defines when these prcedures shuld be perfrmed. The ad hc Grup agreed partially with an Organisatin prpsal t replace the wrd r by and in relatin t the use f anaesthesia and analgesia and deleted and adding r bth t clarify that these can be used separately r tgether. The ad hc Grup did nt agree with the prpsal r the ratinale frm a Member Cuntry t delete the phrase: e.g. using anaesthesia r analgesia under the recmmendatin r supervisin f a veterinarian as the pint was needed t emphasise that bth are imprtant. The ad hc Grup agreed partially with a Member Cuntry prpsal t insert the wrd suffering and did nt agree t use r/and as ppsed t r nly, t keep the harmnisatin with previus articles. The ad hc Grup agreed with a Member Cuntry prpsal t insert in the third paragraph r bth t refer t the use f analgesia and anaesthesia, because in sme cases, bth are necessary t prevent pain and fr cnsistency with the previus paragraph. The ad hc Grup agreed with Member Cuntries prpsals t add supervisin and befre recmmendatin, f a veterinarian, t ensure cnsistency with the secnd paragraph f Article 7.X.8. The ad hc Grup did nt agree with a Member Cuntry prpsal t edit and remve the examples between parentheses in the third paragraph, r the ratinal that the details prvided in parentheses imply that these are the nly ptins fr meeting the three R requirements, and that it implies the OIE endrsement f these specific methds and prcedures. In the third paragraph, an Organisatin and a Member Cuntry als prpsed reinstating and where describing the use f analgesia and anaesthesia under the recmmendatin f a veterinarian the ad hc Grup agreed t include r bth t be cnsistent with the amendment in the secnd paragraph. The ad hc Grup agreed in principle with a Member Cuntry prpsal t replace entire with r intact when referring t entire r immuncastrated males by rewrding the sentence in rder t differentiate entire males frm thse that were immuncastrated. The ad hc Grup did nt agree with a prpsal frm an Organisatin t add a paragraph t clarify that rutine tail dcking shuld be avided, as it is bradly agreed that tail dcking shuld be avided; hwever there is a need t take int accunt that prductin systems vary between regins and cuntries. The ad hc Grup als cnsidered it was adequately cvered in the existing text. The ad hc Grup agreed with a prpsal f an Organisatin t add a new paragraph cncerning Ovariectmy. The ad hc Grup agreed that this prcedure is painful withut analgesia and anaesthesia, and can be avided by the use f an immunlgical prduct that is bradly used nwadays, and its use is supprted by scientific evidence. Article 7.X.9. The ad hc Grup cnsidered the ratinale prvided by a Member Cuntry t mdify the bullet pints in relatin t the quality and quantity f feed as apprpriate and that the prpsed amendments added clarity t the article. Regarding the deletin, in the secnd bullet pint f the wrds and behaviural, the ad hc Grup agreed with the Member Cuntry cmment that it is nt clear what is meant by behaviural and it is incnsistent with ther OIE Terrestrial Cde chapters n animal welfare. The ad hc Grup amended the bullet t add clarity.
OIE ad hc Grup n Animal Welfare and Pig Prductin Systems/August 2017 237 Annex 34 (cntd) The Member Cuntry prvided the fllwing references t supprt this mdificatin, which can be fund in Bergern et al. (2008), where the editrial intrductin cncludes that fr sws (as with ther ungulates) lw fibre, high-cncentrate diets that require little fd-searching behaviur and cnsummatry behaviurs, like chewing, result in unfulfilled mtivatins t perfrm these natural fraging activities, leading t increased ral steretypies (ral steretypic licking, bar-biting and sham-chewing). Als it has been shwn in several studies that high-fibre diets, similar in dietary energy and majr nutrient levels, fed t sws markedly increased feeding time and that this increased feeding time accunted fr much f the differences in level f steretypies between diets. Thus, these results supprt the view that expressing fraging and feeding behaviur can reduce steretypies (Rbert et al., 1993, 1997; Bruns et al., 1994; Ramnet et al., 1999; Bergern et al., 2006). As a cnsequence the ad hc Grup added a bullet pint n fraging. The ad hc Grup did nt agree with a Member Cuntry prpsal t reinstate the bullet pint with avid metablic and nutritinal disrders as it cnsidered that recmmendatins relating t these disrders have been addressed by the tw preceding pints. The ad hc Grup agreed with a Member Cuntry prpsal t replace undue by excessive r ptentially injurius t prevent cmpetitin and injury ver the prvisin f feed and water since this additin adds cmpleteness and clarity. The ad hc Grup decided t reinstate the paragraph abut gastric ulcers as there are new references supprting the previus statement, giving evidence f this relatinship. The ad hc Grup did nt agree with Member Cuntries prpsals t reinstate the sentence "Pigs especially pregnant sws and gilts shuld be fed a diet with sufficient fibrus feedstuffs in rder t satisfy their hunger, as it is addressed by the new indent n fraging and the reinstated text n gastric ulcers (Herskin et al., 2016). The ad hc Grup did nt agree with an Organisatin prpsal t insert cntinuus and clean when referring t access and quality f water, as it is nt realistic and is cvered by the cncept f drinkable water. Several Member Cuntries prpsed rewrding the last sentence f Article 7.X.9. regarding the appearance f dehydratin by adding especially detectable befre piglets fr cnsistency with the cmment made n Article 7.X.4. pint 6 r deleting piglets as dehydratin is a cncern nt nly in piglets. Regarding this request the ad hc Grup agreed partially fr cnsistency with the mdified Article 7.X.4. Article 7.X.10. Regarding a Member Cuntry prpsal t add materials t chewing fraging it was agreed as it added clarity. The ad hc Grup did nt agree with a Member Cuntry prpsal t delete (e.g. rting, and biting r chewing) but made sme changes t keep the specificatin f the materials chewed t ensure better clarity. The ad hc Grup did nt agree with a Member Cuntry prpsal t add prvide fr, and remve imprve bilgical functin fr cmpleteness. Hwever in rder t imprve clarity, the ad hc Grup changed bilgical functin by well-being. In the secnd paragraph a Member Cuntry prpsed t delete multiple frms f and add scial, ccupatinal, physical, sensry r nutritinal befre enrichment t specify the five categries f enrichment types. The ad hc Grup did nt agree with this prpsal as it is cvered adequately in the fllwing bullet pints.
238 OIE ad hc Grup n Animal Welfare and Pig Prductin Systems/August 2017 Annex 34 (cntd) The ad hc Grup agreed with a Member Cuntry prpsal t add regular direct physical cntact assciated with psitive events, which may include fd r scratching, r t the third bullet pint, t better clarify what are cnsidered psitive human cntacts, and changed fd t feed fr cnsistency with ther articles. Article 7.X.11. The ad hc Grup agreed with a Member Cuntry cmment t replace recmmendatins with management prcedures in the secnd paragraph as this article lists management prcedures rather than recmmendatins. Regarding the prpsal f a Member Cuntry t cnsider inserting further relevant triggers and apprpriate references in number 4, the ad hc Grup cnsidered this addressed by agreeing with ther Member Cuntries prpsals t replace in accessing the feeding area with fr resurces, including feed and water, t add cmpleteness and clarity t the sentence. In respnse t an Organisatin prpsal t insert a new number 5) Wallwing in wn excreta can be avided by ffering the animal prper indr climate cnditins (temperature and humidity), greater space allwance, and wallwing pl facilities cnsidering that it wuld be effective t alleviate hyperthermia, the ad hc Grup explained that it did nt agree as this article is addressing nrmal behaviurs and this cncept is already addressed in Article 7.X.15. The ad hc Grup agrees with a Member Cuntry suggestin in number 2 t replace sdium by f minerals,, as there are mre minerals that culd cause tail biting. The ad hc Grup als included the necessary scientific reference t supprt this mdificatin. Article 7.X.12. The ad hc Grup agreed partially with sme mdificatins prpsed by a Member Cuntry t add if necessary in the end f the first paragraph, with the justificatin that nt all animal facilities are always related t animal welfare; the ad hc Grup rewrded the sentence adding t accmmdate pigs t specify that it is related t facilities in which pigs are kept. A Member Cuntry prpsed t add six new bullet pints regarding what husing systems shuld prvide fr, regardless f the design, husing and management. The ad hc Grup did nt agree with the prpsal as it wuld cause repetitin and these bullet pints are already addressed in ther articles. A Member Cuntry prpsed t insert all pigs and in particular befre pregnant sws and gilts and t replace shuld preferably by recmmended. The ad hc Grup cnsidered this was apprpriate t take int accunt, hwever mdifying the text highlighting that it applied t all pigs. Regarding a Member Cuntry prpsal t delete the sixth paragraph, the ad hc Grup deleted the last sentence as the deletin f this part f the paragraph was bradly supprted by the literature presented. Article 7.X.13. 1. Grup husing In relatin t a Member Cuntries cmment t delete may the ad hc Gup did nt agree with this suggestin because flr space can interact r nt with a number f factrs. And regarding the same Member Cuntry prpsal t add t affect pig welfare the ad hc Grup agreed in rder t imprve the clarity f the sentence.
OIE ad hc Grup n Animal Welfare and Pig Prductin Systems/August 2017 239 Annex 34 (cntd) The ad hc Grup agreed with Member Cuntries request t insert a new paragraph n sufficient space and pprtunities t escape frm ptential aggressrs. The ad hc Grup agreed in principle with sme mdificatins prpsed by a Member Cuntry t add t the end f secnd (nw third) paragraph r individually huse the aggressive pig, as it imprved the clarity f the sentence. 3. Stalls and crates In relatin t Member Cuntries recmmendatin t discurage the use f stalls and crates, the ad hc Grup did nt agree t add the prpsed new paragraph, as lse husing fr pregnant sws is already included in Article 7.X12. Furthermre, the Grup did nt find enugh cnvincing scientific evidence that the mrtality rate f live brn piglets culd be kept as lw as in crate farrwing and lactatin systems. Until this prblem is slved, the Grup did nt cnsider it apprpriate t recmmend lse husing systems fr farrwing sws and gilts. The ad hc Grup recgnised that large cmparative studies in Eurpe (Weber et al., 2007; Kilbride et al., 2012) shw that crushing is higher in lse pens and mrtality due t ther causes (e.g. stillbrn) was higher in farrwing crates. While the Grup, hwever, did acknwledge the evidence that piglets reared in farrwing crates may be deprived f sme benefits relating t scial develpment (e.g. piglets reared in lse farrwing and lactatin systems shw mre play behaviur and less injurius behaviur, such as nibbling, sucking r chewing anther piglet (Ostindjer et al., 2011; Singh et al., 2017), higher live-brn piglet mrtality in lse farrwing and lactatin systems (e.g. Weber et al., 2007; Kilbride et al., 2012; Crnin et al., 2014) is a serius cncern. Since the majrity f pre-weaning piglet mrtalities ccur within the first 2 3 days pstpartum and are mainly caused by crushing, Jhnsn and Marchant-Frde (2009) cncluded that farrwing crates can safeguard piglet survival and welfare during nest ccupatin in the farrwing phase, especially limiting early pre-weaning mrtality. The ad hc Grup additinally include the fllwing references t supprt their psitin: Crnin, G.M., Rault, J-L. and Glitz, P.C. (2014). Lessns learned frm past experience with intensive livestck management systems. Rev. sci. tech. Off. int. Epiz., 33 ( 1 ), 139-151. Jhnsn, A. K. and Marchant-Frde, J. N. (2009). Welfare f pigs in the farrwing envirnment. In: The Welfare f Pigs, (ed.), Marchant-Frde, J. N., Springer Science and Business Media, New Yrk City, USA, pp. 141 88. KilBride, A. L., Mendl, M., Statham, P., Held S., Harris, M., Cper, S. and Green, L. E. ( 2012 ). A chrt study f preweaning piglet mrtality and farrwing accmmdatin n 112 cmmercial pig farms in England. Preventive Vet. Med., 104, 281 91. Ostindjer, M., van den Brand, H., Kemp, B. and Blhuis, J. (2011). Effects f envirnmental enrichment and lse husing f lactating sws n piglet behaviur befre and after weaning. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci., 134, 31 41. Singh, C., Verdn, M., Crnin, G.M. and Hemswrth, P.H. (2017). The behaviur and welfare f sws and piglets in farrwing crates r lactatin pens. Animal, Agree; Agree 1 Nvember 2016. DOI: 10.1017/S1751731116002573 In respnse t a Member Cuntries cmment n a recmmended perid f time where sws r gilts are kept in gestatin stalls, the ad hc Grup cnsidered it was nt necessary t add this sentence because it is t prescriptive and the idea is nt t specific, and due t n-ging cntrversy as t hw many days shuld be adpted.
240 OIE ad hc Grup n Animal Welfare and Pig Prductin Systems/August 2017 Annex 34 (cntd) The ad hc Grup did nt agree with a Member Cuntry suggestin t rewrd the third bullet as it did nt imprve the clarity. In respnse t a Member Cuntry s cmment t insert r being injured by anther pig in the third bullet pint, the ad hc Grup agreed as it imprves the clarity f the pint. Article 7.X.14. In respnse t an Organisatin cmments t insert new text relating t a recmmendatin t phase ut fully slatted flr, the ad hc Grup did nt cnsider the scientific references prvided sufficient evidence t differ between partially and fully slatted flrs in terms f ft and leg injuries and the ability t prvide enrichment. The ad hc Grup culd nt find ther references that culd supprt a phasing ut f fully slatted flrs. Article 7.X.16. 1. Heat stress The ad hc Grup did nt agree with a Member Cuntry s cmment t insert the wrding mre than 10% f after presence f faeces n the skin in the fifth paragraph. The reference t the Welfare Quality Assessment Prtcl fr Pigs, 2009 is nly partly crrect, as it depends n ther factrs, and can nly be applied fr sws (i.e. fr grwing pigs mre than 20% is needed) and is t prescriptive. In respnse t a Member Cuntry prpsal t add lying pstures and patterns that can be a frm f thermregulatin the ad hc Grup agreed with the suggestin cnsidering it added clarity t the text. The ad hc Grup agreed partially with a Member Cuntry s cmment n sunburn, and harmnised it with the new wrding f Article 7.X.4. bullet pint 6, Physical appearance. 2. Cld stress The ad hc Grup did nt agree with a Member Cuntry s prpsal t insert the phrase skin disclratin f mre than 10% f the skin after pilerectin, as the ad hc Grup culd nt find supprt fr this in the Welfare Quality Assessment Prtcl fr Pigs, 2009, where ther parameters such as huddling r shivering are used fr the assessment f cld stress. Article 7.X.17. A Member Cuntry and an Organisatin prpsed the deletin f the phrase Pigs are able t cpe with a range f adaptable t different levels and types f nise. Hwever, as well as t replace minimised where pssible with avid based n the fact that lud nises are knwn t be stressrs and shuld be avided. The ad hc Grup agreed with these suggestins t imprve the clarity f the sentence. Article 7.X.18. In respnse t a Member Cuntry cmment t delete the secnd paragraph, the ad hc Grup was f the view that the suggestin that pen lcatins with higher illuminances are less desirable was nt well supprted. While Taylr et al. (2006) saw mre dunging in brighter pen areas, this may be because the pigs were mre active in the light areas and preferred t dung away frm their resting area (dark areas), nt because the brighter areas were less desirable. The Olsen et al. (2001) study was referenced in this regard, but this study included t many ther cnfunding variables t be f value in this discussin.
OIE ad hc Grup n Animal Welfare and Pig Prductin Systems/August 2017 241 Annex 34 (cntd) Hwever, in principle the ad hc Grup agreed with the Member Cuntry and remved the recmmendatin, but emphasized the requirements fr a suitable phtperid and prvisin f suitable lighting levels fr caretakers t prperly inspect pens and animals. The grup further nted that this was justified because f a general shrtage f studies lking at lighting levels, nt because any cntradictry results have been fund regarding the 40 lux recmmendatin. The ad hc Grup indicated there was a need fr future research in this area. As well as nt having a gd understanding f the effects f different light levels n pig behaviur, the effects f different lighting regimes (phtperid, intensity, spectrum) n grwth, reprductin, melatnin secretin are prly understd (Taylr, 2010). Article 7.X.19. The ad hc Grup agreed in part with a Member Cuntry prpsal t add the phrase and if necessary be replenished [ ] s that the sw r gilt has enugh material t carry ut prper nest building behaviur." The text was mdified and rewrded by the ad hc Grup t add clarity and cmpleteness t the sentence. Hwever, in respnse t a Member Cuntry prpsal t replace need with shuld be prvided and t delete the phrase Nesting material shuld be prvided where pssible sme days befre farrwing (Yun et al., 2014), the ad hc Grup did nt agree with the ratinale prvided and cnsidered that it was clear as written. In respnse t a Member Cuntry and an Organisatin s cmment t replace sme by abut tw r three r by at least tw and t replace befre by prir t farrwing, the ad hc Grup agreed t be mre specific abut the perid when nesting material shuld be prvided and added new references t this text. The ad hc Grup agreed t delete the secnd paragraph f this article fr cnsistency with the previus articles n husing and space allwance, as it was agreed nt t recmmend specific husing r farrwing systems as the existing literature is nt cnclusive in this sense. Article 7.X.20. The ad hc Grup did nt agree with a Member Cuntry prpsal t add a new furth paragraph, n the effect f a mre prlnged weaning, as it was already stated in texts f the previus paragraphs. In respnse t Member Cuntries prpsals t amend the secnd sentence by deleting be weaned at three weeks r lder and replacing it with nt be weaned befre three weeks f age and add lder age is recmmended, the ad hc Grup did nt agree as they did nt cnsider it brught clarity t the text. The ad hc Grup agreed with a Member Cuntry prpsal t cmplete the phrase with unless early weaning is required fr the purpse f preventing infectius diseases, but mdified the text and added the related references, as it was apprpriate t the cntext f the sentence. In respect f ther Member Cuntry prpsals in relatin t the weaning f piglets the ad hc Grup cnsidered mst f these cncerns were adequately addressed by the amendments already made t this paragraph. Hwever, the ad hc Grup did find it relevant t insert a new paragraph n mving weaned pigs int clean and disinfected husing. The ad hc Grup did nt accept the additin f a new paragraph in relatin t the susceptibility f the piglets as it was already cvered in bullet pint 2 in Article 7.X.16. The ad hc Grup agreed in part with the ratinale f the Member Cuntry prpsal t insert and sws as weaning age can be as imprtant fr sw well-being as it is fr piglets. Hwever, as there is insufficient evidence that the length f the perid f lactatin culd affect the sw s bdy cnditin, they cnsidered it mre apprpriate t add it t Article 7.X.19.
242 OIE ad hc Grup n Animal Welfare and Pig Prductin Systems/August 2017 Annex 34 (cntd) Article 7.X.22. In respnse t Member Cuntries prpsals t cnsider inserting the sentence Including scial effects int breeding prgrammes may als reduce negative scial interactins and increase psitive nes which may have majr psitive effects n grup-hused animals at the end f the secnd paragraph, the ad hc Grup agreed as it adds a further dimensin and clarity t the text. Article 7.X.23. In respnse t a Member Cuntry cmment t delete the phrase pigs shuld als be prtected frm pests such as excessive numbers f flies and msquites, the ad hc Grup did nt agree that this is already cvered in pint 1 f Article 7.X.24., as the aim in that article is disease prtectin, while the aim in this article is animal welfare. Hwever, the text was edited fr clarity. Article 7.X.24. Regarding several Member Cuntries prpsals t replace pig by pigs the ad hc Grup nted that this was already changed by the Cde Cmmissin in their last meeting in February 2017. The ad hc Grup did nt agree with an Organisatin prpsal t edit the first sentence under a) Animal health management t make it clear that individual animals, and nt just the herd, shuld be cvered in the animal health management plan, nting this paragraph is related t bisecurity. Regarding a Member Cuntry prpsal t add bisecurity and quarantine prtcls, the acclimatisatin f replacements, vaccinatins, and gd clstrum management, the ad hc Grup agreed with the suggestin in rder t cmplete the text. The ad hc Grup did nt agree with a Member Cuntry prpsal t delete and fly cntrl as it is already addressed in pint 1 f Article 7.X.24. Hwever, the ad hc Grup agreed with anther Member Cuntry t change it t insect cntrl as it is a mre cmprehensive term. Regarding the prpsal by a Member Cuntry t add t the fifth and sixth paragraph f Item a the wrds pain, suffering, the ad hc Grup cnsidered this was apprpriate and cnsistent with inserting suffering in ther parts f this chapter. Article 7.X.25. The ad hc Grup did nt agree with Member Cuntries prpsal t add t the secnd paragraph the phrase Electricity installatins and devices shuld als be checked and tested regularly, as a preventive measure t avid utbreak f fire as shrt circuit f electrical equipment has shwn t be the mst cmmn risk fr and cause f barn fires. The ad hc Grup nted that as this was related t the maintenance f the installatins which may require prfessinal assistance. Article 7.X.26. The ad hc Grup did nt agree with a Member Cuntry prpsal t delete humane killing as it is intrinsic t animal welfare, r t replace it by deppulatin. Hwever, the ad hc Grup edited the text t imprve clarity. Regarding a prpsal by a Member Cuntry t replace "emergency" with the wrd "cntingency" in rder t ensure cnsistency with the title f Article 7.X.25., the ad hc Grup made the change cnsidering it was adding clarity t the text.
OIE ad hc Grup n Animal Welfare and Pig Prductin Systems/August 2017 243 Annex 34 (cntd) Article 7.X.27. In respnse t the prpsal f Member Cuntries, the ad hc Grup agreed t add and the necessary equipment t the furth paragraph fr clarity and cmpleteness. In respnse t sme Member Cuntries and an Organisatin cmments the ad hc Grup amended the furth bullet pint t make the meaning mre clear. In respnse t a Member Cuntry prpsal t add a new Article related t Regulatry Assessment Prcedures, the ad hc Grup cnsidered the additin was nt part f the scpe, and even if it culd be cnsidered relevant, it was nt nly relevant fr the animal welfare cnsideratins but als relevant t animal health standards. The ad hc Grup recmmended that the OIE Headquarters shuld cnsider this prpsal further. 3. Prgramme fr further wrk after this meeting The ad hc Grup discussed the pssibility f future wrk. The reprt, including the amended draft chapter, will be discussed during the September 2017 meeting f the Cde Cmmissin, it is anticipated that the draft revised chapter will be annexed t the reprt f the meeting and circulated fr Member Cuntry cmments. Depending n the number and the cntent f these cmments that have t be addressed, OIE Headquarters will decide if anther physical meeting is necessary. The pssible date f the next meeting was tentatively scheduled fr January 2018. 4. Other business N ther new issues were prpsed fr discussin..../appendices
OIE ad hc Grup n Animal Welfare and Pig Prductin Systems/August 2017 245 Annex 34 (cntd) Annex I OIE AD HOC GROUP ON ANIMAL WELFARE AND PIG PRODUCTION SYSTEMS Paris, 29 31 August 2017 List f participants MEMBERS OF THE AD HOC GROUP Dr Birte Brberg (Chair) Senir Veterinary Officer Animal Welfare and Veterinary Medicine Ministry f Envirnment and Fd The Danish Veterinary and Fd Administratin Statinsparken 31-33 l DK-2600 Glstrup Tlf. DENMARK Tel.: +45 72 27 69 00 bb@fvst.dk Dr Jennifer A. Brwn Research scientist Ethlgy Prairie Swine Centre Bx 21057 2105 8th Street East Saskatn, Saskatchewan S7J 5N9 CANADA jennifer.brwn@usask.ca Dr Antni Dalmau Buen Researcher IRTA. Animal Welfare Unit Mnells (Girna) Finca Camps i Armet, SN SPAIN, ES-17121 Tel.: +34 902 789 449 + 1434 antni.dalmau@irta.cat Prf. Paul Hamiltn Hemswrth Directr Animal Welfare Science Centre Faculty f Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University f Melburne Parkville, 3052 AUSTRALIA phh@unimelb.edu.au Dr Cleandr Pazinat Dias Cnsultant IICA and MAPA Av. Jsé Gabriel de Oliveira, 915 ap. 1102 Trre I Aurra - Lndrina 86047360, PR BRAZIL Tel.: +55 43 911 269 38 cleandrpazinat@ul.cm.br OIE HEADQUARTERS Mrs Ann Backhuse Head Standards Department a.backhuse@ie.int Dr Lepld Stuard Chargé de missin Standards Department l.stuard@ie.int Dr Patricia Pzzetti Chargée de missin Standards Department p.pzzetti@ie.int
OIE ad hc Grup n Animal Welfare and Pig Prductin Systems/August 2017 247 Annex 34 (cntd) Annex II OIE AD HOC GROUP ON ANIMAL WELFARE AND PIG PRODUCTION SYSTEMS Paris, 29 31 August 2017 Adpted agenda 1. Welcme and intrductin 2. Cnsider Member Cuntry s cmments n draft Chapter 7.X. Animals welfare and pig prductin systems and amend text as apprpriate 3. Prgramme fr further wrk after this meeting 4. Draft a reprt f the ad hc Grup meeting 5. Other business
OIE ad hc Grup n Animal Welfare and Pig Prductin Systems/August 2017 249 Annex 34 (cntd) Annex III [Nte: this Annex has been replaced by Annex 19 t the reprt f the meeting f the OIE Terrestrial Animal Health Standards Cmmissin which was held n 18 29 September 2017.]
OIE ad hc Grup n Equine Trypansmses/June 2017 251 Annex 35 Original: English June 2015 MEETING OF THE OIE AD HOC GROUP ON EQUINE TRYPANOSOMOSES Paris, 14 16 June 2016 ------- A meeting f the OIE ad hc Grup n (nn-tsetse transmitted) equine trypansmses (hereafter the Grup) was held at the OIE Headquarters frm 14 t 16 June 2016. 1. Opening On behalf f Dr Mnique Elit, Directr General f the OIE, Dr Brian Evans, Deputy Directr General and Head f the Scientific and Technical Department, welcmed and thanked the Grup fr its effrts in reviewing the Terrestrial Animal Health Cde (hereafter the Cde) chapter n durine and draft Cde chapter n surra. Dr Evans reminded the Grup that durine and surra were bth OIE listed diseases, hwever recmmendatins fr trade in live susceptible animals and their prducts, were currently nly prvided in the Cde fr durine. He infrmed the Grup that OIE Member Cuntries had expressed their need fr trade standards applicable t surra as well, especially in the cntext f the OIE initiative with the Internatinal Equestrian Federatin (FEI) and the Internatinal Federatin f Hrseracing Authrities (IFHA) fr the facilitatin f internatinal mvement f cmpetitin hrses. Dr Evans infrmed the Grup that a previus OIE ad hc Grup n equine trypansmses had been cnveyed in 2015 t draft a Cde Chapter n surra and revise the Cde Chapter n durine. The reprt f this ad hc Grup was nt endrsed by the Scientific Cmmissin fr Animal Diseases (hereafter the Scientific Cmmissin) nr discussed by the Terrestrial Animal Health Standards Cmmissin (hereafter the Cde Cmmissin); a new ad hc Grup has therefre been cnveyed t finalise this task. Dr Evans emphasized that the prpsed standards shuld be pragmatic, based n risk mitigating appraches and n the best available science. Lastly, Dr Evans insisted n the imprtance f a detailed meeting reprt highlighting the scientific justificatins f the prpsed texts, as meeting reprts are the main channel t cmmunicate the ratinale f the prpsed standards t the Scientific and Cde Cmmissins and t OIE Member Cuntries. 2. Adptin f the agenda and appintment f chairpersn and rapprteur In the absence f a member f the Grup vlunteering t chair the Grup, Dr Baptiste Dungu, representative f the Scientific Cmmissin, was exceptinally appinted as a Chair. Dr Charles E. Lewis acted as rapprteur. The Grup adpted the prpsed agenda. The agenda and list f participants are presented as Appendices I and II, respectively.
252 OIE ad hc Grup n Equine Trypansmses/June 2017 Annex 35 (cntd) 3. Presentatin f the cmments f members f the Scientific Cmmissin and Cde Cmmissin n the reprt f the previus ad hc Grup Dr Dungu clarified that the wrk f the ad hc Grup n equine trypansmses that met in 2015 culd be utilized by the Grup as the reference dcument fr discussin. He emphasised the need t further elabrate n it t fully meet Member Cuntries expectatins t reslve trade issues assciated with equine trypansmses. Dr Etienne Bnbn, President f the Cde Cmmissin, advised the Grup t specifically cncentrate n prviding practical and science based guidance t Member Cuntries t manage surra and durine, especially in the cntext f internatinal trade. 4. Revisin f the scpe f the Cde chapters The Grup extensively discussed the infectins caused by trypansmes in equids. The Grup reviewed the fllwing article: Carnes J. et al. (2015) "Genme and phylgenetic analyses f Trypansma evansi revealed extensive similarity t T. brucei and multiple independent rigins fr dyskinetplasty." PLS Negl Trp Dis., 9(1): e3404 that describes that three ut f the fur knwn grups within the Trypanzn subgenus cause the disease durine. Unpublished data supprt that the Italian durine utbreak was actually caused by a trypansme very similar t T. brucei and T. evansi type B rather than T. equiperdum. The grup als reviewed the fllwing articles: Claes Buscher et al. (2005) "Trypansma equiperdum: master f disguise r histrical mistake? Trends in Parasitlgy, 21(7): 316-321 (a review with the prpsal f a new definitin fr Durine) and Zabltskij V.T., et al. (2003) "The current challenges f durine: difficulties in differentiating Trypansma equiperdum within the subgenus Trypanzn." Rev. sci. tech. Off. int. epiz., 22(3), 1087-1096. Data frm an unpublished prject cnducted by the United States Department f Agriculture (USDA) was als shared with the Grup and discussed (unpublished reprt n the cmparisn f three reference islates f Trypansma equiperdum in pnies). The Grup cncluded that these studies cnverged in indicating that: (i) there is little genetic distinctin between T. evansi, T. equiperdum, and T. brucei, (ii) clinical distinctin f individual cases int surra r durine is nt pssible, (iii) differential labratry diagnstics f the infectins are cmplex. The Grup therefre recmmended cmbining the infectin f equids with parasites f the subgenus Trypanzn (T. evansi, T. equiperdum, r T. brucei) int a specific Cde chapter. Fr cnsistency, the Grup als nted that equids shuld be excluded frm the draft Cde chapter n infectin with T. evansi (draft chapter 8.X). Under thse prvisins, Member Cuntries wuld reprt any infectin with trypansme in equids as an infectin with Trypanzn in equids. In brief, the Grup determined that the best curse f actin was: T revise the current Cde Chapter 12.3. n durine t encmpass all infectins with Trypanzn in equids; T dedicate the draft Cde Chapter 8.X. t the infectin f susceptible species ther than hrses with T. evansi (nn-equine surra). In drafting Chapter 8.X and revising Chapter 12.3, the Grup rutinely referred t the reprt frm the Meeting f the OIE Ad hc Grup n Equine Trypansmses Paris, 21-23 July2015.
OIE ad hc Grup n Equine Trypansmses/June 2017 253 Annex 35 (cntd) 5. Draft Chapter 8.X. (Infectin with Trypansma evansi nn equine surra) Discussins n individual articles were as fllws: In Article 8.X.1 (General Prvisins), the Cde chapter drafted in 2015 mentined that few human cases have been described. The Grup clarified that the rare ccurrence f cases f human infectin with T. evansi was assciated with the lack f serum factrs that wuld nrmally have destryed the parasite in the serum (ApL1 lytic factr). The Grup agreed that the General Prvisins shuld cncentrate n the facts and evidence supprting the recmmendatins t mitigate the risk f spread f infectin in animals, including thrugh management f utbreaks and safe trade in live susceptible animals and their prducts. Therefre, while acknwledging that the pssible ccurrence f cases f human infectin was relevant in a public health perspective, the Grup decided nt t mentin it in Article 8.X.1, since measures t prevent human cases f that infectin were ut f the scpe f the chapter. The Grup debated the incubatin perid fr infectin with T. evansi. Due t the wide range f susceptible hsts, the incubatin perid is highly variable. The Grup eventually determined that the best curse f actin was t utilise the maximum timeframe f six mnths. The Cde chapter drafted in 2015 stated that T. evansi can survive fr ne t tw days in stmxes and 72 hurs in infected meat. Based n scientific evidence 1, the Grup recmmended revising the duratin f survival f the parasite in stmxes t 72 hurs. Regarding infected meat, the Grup was unable t find specific references in regard t the survival f the parasite fr up t 72 hurs. Hwever, it was decided t leave this statement as the Grup culd nt justify its remval withut further clarificatin. In additin, cnsidering that carnivres can be cntaminated thrugh the cntact f the ral mucsa with the parasite cntained in ingested fresh meat frm infected animals (cases f stray dgs scavenging n slaughterhuse waste), the Grup recmmended that standard prcessing practices shuld be cmplied with in rder t mitigate the risk f transmissin thrugh this rute -including the preventin f cntact between animal by-prducts and carnivres-. The Grup established the list f safe cmmdities in Article 8.X.2 (Safe Cmmdities) n the basis f current knwledge 2. Article 8.X.3 (Cuntry r zne free frm infectin with T. evansi in ne r mre animal species) was reviewed and the Grup decided t include the pssibility fr a cuntry t claim freedm in specific animal species. Regarding the cnditins fr freedm recgnitin, the Grup discussed referencing the pint a f Article 1.4.6.1 that specifically addresses histrical freedm (i.e. last ccurrence f the infectin mre than 25 years ag) r the whle Article 1.4.6.1 (i.e. including pint b that prvides requirements t be cmplied with fr at least 10 years t declare a cuntry r a zne free frm disease r infectin if cases have ccurred within the last 25 years). The Grup decided that reference shuld be made t the whle Article 1.4.6.1 since the prvisins fr histrical freedm alne wuld nt suffice. Pint 2 f Article 8.X.3 requires that a free cuntry r zne, adjacent t an infected ne, shuld cnduct adequate surveillance in an area f apprpriate distance frm the brdering infected cuntry r zne in rder t detect any case f infectin with T. evansi. The Grup discussed what shuld cnstitute an apprpriate distance and agreed that it shuld be deemed apprpriate in regard t the specific lcatin f the cncerned cuntries r znes, taking int cnsideratin numerus factrs such as the vectr eclgy, the epidemilgical situatin, the gegraphic islatin, etc. The Grup therefre recmmended that this distance shuld be defined by the Member Cuntry based n an assessment f the relevant lcal parameters. 1 Baldacchin F. et al. (2013).- Transmissin f pathgens by Stmxys flies (Diptera, Muscidae): a review. Parasite, 20: 26. 2 Desquesnes M. et al. (2013).- Trypansma evansi and surra: a review and perspectives n transmissin, epidemilgy and cntrl, impact, and zntic aspects. BiMed research internatinal. Campigtt G. et al. (2015).- Experimental infectin by Trypansma evansi in sheep: Occurrence f transplacental transmissin and mice infectin by parasite present in the clstrum and milk f infected ewes. Veterinary parasitlgy, 212(3): 123-129.
254 OIE ad hc Grup n Equine Trypansmses/June 2017 Annex 35 (cntd) Article 8.X.4 (Recvery f free status) was extensively discussed and refrmatted. This article gives the pssibility t handle an utbreak situatin either by applying a stamping ut plicy r by treating infected r serlgically psitive animals. The Grup insisted that alternatively, if these cnditins culd nt be cmplied with, the recvery f the free status may als be based n the cnditins prvided in Article 8.X.3. The Grup discussed the feasibility f a stamping ut plicy in the light f the definitin apprved by the Wrd Assembly during the 84th General Sessin in May 2016. This definitin includes the cleansing and disinfectin f establishments, hwever, it was unclear t the Grup if the definitin als includes disinsectin/disinfestatin as part f a stamping ut plicy. If the newly adpted definitin des nt accunt fr this, the Grup recmmended that it shuld be incrprated. There was detailed discussin regarding the cnditins fr a cuntry r a zne t claim freedm after an utbreak f infectin with T. evansi, especially when the cntrl f the utbreak is based n the treatment f infected r serlgically psitive animals (Pint 2.a.ii f Article 8.X.4). Indeed, trypancide treatment may nt always be curative, therefre, the Grup recmmended that parasitlgical screening and clinical bservatin f treated animals shuld be cnducted mnthly fr at least 6 mnths t identify any persistence r relapse. The prpsed timelines and cnditins fr the recvery f a free status when the cntrl f the utbreak is based n stamping ut plicy as described in Pint 2.a.i f Article 8.X.4 are represented in Figure 1. Thse described in Pint 2.a.ii f Article 8.X.4 fr a cntrl based n a trypancide treatments are represented in Figure 2. Figure 1. Recvery f a free status Stamping ut plicy (Articles 8.X.4.2.a.i and 12.3.4)
OIE ad hc Grup n Equine Trypansmses/June 2017 255 Annex 35 (cntd) Figure 2. Recvery f a free status Trypancide treatment (Article 8.X.4.2.a.ii) The Grup agreed that after cmpletin f the stamping ut plicy r the trypancide treatment strategy, a specific surveillance fr T. evansi shuld be cnducted during a certain time perid befre the recvery f a free status can be declared (Pint 3 f Article 8.X.4). The Grup debated the duratin f this surveillance perid. The Grup that met in 2015 recmmended that it shuld be implemented fr 2 years befre the recvery f a free status (as stated in the Meeting f the OIE Ad hc Grup n Equine Trypansmses Paris, 21-23 July 2015) r ne year (as stated in the draft Cde chapter annexed t this meeting reprt). Taking int cnsideratin that the surveillance perid wuld cme in additin t the perid during which the stamping ut plicy r the treatment strategy are applied (which wuld already take several mnths (i.e. abut 2 mnths fr a stamping ut strategy and mre than 8 mnths fr a treatment strategy) and prvide strng guarantees as t the status f the animal ppulatins with regard t the infectin with T. evansi) the Grup determined that a surveillance perid f six mnths wuld be acceptable fr the purpse f this article. Since the Grup had decided t include the pssibility fr a cuntry r zne t claim freedm in specific animal species (see Article 8.X.3), Article 8.X.5 (Recmmendatins fr imprtatin f camelids, carnivres, bvidae, pigs, cervids, elephants, lagmrphs, rdents and vampire bats) was rerganized t include tw sectins: ne fr cuntries r znes free frm infectin in all hst species (Pint 2.a f Article 8.X.5) and ne fr cuntries r znes free in the imprted species (Pint 2.b f Article 8.X.5). T mitigate the risk f interspecific transmissin, the Grup agreed that animals imprted frm cuntries free in the imprted species, but nt in all ther species shuld be islated, prtected against vectrs and subjected t a diagnstic test prir t shipment. Animals imprted frm cuntries r znes nt free in that specific species shuld be subjected t an additinal test (tw tests in ttal) (Pint 2.c f Article 8.X.5). In regard t Article 8.X.6 (Recmmendatins fr imprtatin f camelids, bvidae, pigs frm an infected cuntry r zne fr direct slaughter), the Grup insisted n the ntin f direct slaughter t mitigate the risk f transmissin. The Grup specified that the animals shuld be transprted directly frm the establishment f rigin t the apprved slaughterhuse/abattir in a vectr prtected vehicle withut cming int cntact with ther susceptible animals.