RELATIVE CLAUSES DEFINING NON-DEFINING (with commas) People Things People Things Subject Object (only underlined forms after preposition) m Ø Ø m Possessive Place Time Reason se where when why The woman / loves me is just perfect. The woman // Ø I love is just perfect. The woman / married me is just perfect. The woman /m// Ø I married is just perfect. The woman / got married to me is just perfect. The woman /m//ø I got married to is just perfect. The woman to m I got married is just perfect. My wife, loves me a lot, is just perfect. My wife, /m I love a lot, is just perfect. My wife, /m I got married to 10 years ago, is just perfect. My wife, to m I got married 10 years ago, is just perfect. The train / left 10 minutes ago was going to Moscow. The train // Ø I left 10 minutes ago was going to Moscow. The Trans-Siberian, left 10 minutes ago, was going to Moscow. The Trans-Siberian, I left 10 minutes ago, was going to Moscow. The girl se flat is right next to mine has invited me to dinner. My neighbour Rita, se flat is right next door to mine, has invited me to dinner. María Villalvilla Martí
1. Write relative clauses without using the relative pronoun. 1. I gave you a book. It had many pictures. The book I gave you had many pictures. 2. I am reading a book at the moment. It is very interesting. The book 3. You live in a town. The town is very old. The town 4. The sweets are delicious. I bought them yesterday. The sweets 5. The football match was very exciting. My friend played in it. The football match 6. The letter hasn't arrived yet. I posted it three days ago. The letter 7. He lives in a house. The house is not very big. The house 8. They are playing a song on the radio. Do you like it? Do you like 9. Jane wore a beautiful shirt yesterday. Did you see it? Did you see 10. Sue is going out with a boy. I don't like him. I don't like
2. Combine the sentences using a relative clause. Use relatvie pronouns only where necessary. Note you have to use commas in some of the sentences. A holiday in Scotland 1. We spent our holiday in Scotland last year. Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. Last year we 2. People live in Scotland. They are called Scots. The people 3. We first went to Edinburgh. Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland. We first 4. Arthur Conan Doyle was born in Edinburgh. He wrote the Sherlock Holmes stories. Arthur Conan Doyle 5. Then we visited a lake. It is in the Highlands. The lake 6. Loch Ness is 37 km long. People know it for its friendly monster. Loch Ness 7. There we met an old man. He told us he had seen Nessie. An old man 8. We then travelled to a mountain. The mountain is near the town of Fort William. We then 9. The mountain is the highest mountain in Great Britain. It is called Ben Nevis. The mountain 10. I sent you a postcard. It was written on the summit of Ben Nevis. The postcard
Relative clauses - defining or non-defining? Study the situations and then decide whether the following relative clauses are defining or non-defining. defining no commas non-defining commas 1. I have three brothers. My brother lives in Sidney came to see me last month. My brother, lives in Sidney, came to see me last month. 2. I have one sister. My sister is 25 years old spent her holiday in France. My sister, is 25 years old, spent her holiday in France. 3. Bob's mum has lost her keys. Bob's mum is a musician has lost her car keys. Bob's mum, is a musician, has lost her car keys. 4. My friend Jane moved to Canada. My friend Jane se husband is Canadian moved to Canada last week. My friend Jane, se husband is Canadian, moved to Canada last week. 5. I am a shoe fanatic. The shoes I bought yesterday are very comfortable. The shoes, I bought yesterday, are very comfortable. 6. Mr Robinson is very famous. Mr Robinson m I met at the trade fair is a famous inventor. Mr Robinson, m I met at the trade fair, is a famous inventor. 7. Tamara has two cats. Both of them are black. Tamara's two cats can play outside are black. Tamara's two cats, can play outside, are black. 8. Kevin has four cats. Two of them are black. Kevin's two cats are black can play outside. Kevin's two cats, are black, can play outside. 9. We are on holiday. Yesterday we visited a church. The church we visited yesterday is very old. The church, we visited yesterday, is very old. 10. We are on holiday. Yesterday we visited a church. St. Mary's Church we visited yesterday is very old. St. Mary's Church, we visited yesterday, is very old.
1. We spent our holiday in Scotland last year. Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. Last year we spent our holidays in Scotland, is in the north of Great Britain. 2. People live in Scotland. They are called Scots. The people live in Scotland are called Scots. 3. We first went to Edinburgh. Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland. We first went to Edinburgh, is the capital of Scotland. 4. Arthur Conan Doyle was born in Edinburgh. He wrote the Sherlock Holmes stories. Arthur Conan Doyle, wrote the Sherlock Holmes stories, was born in Edinburgh. 5. Then we visited a lake. It is in the Highlands. The lake we then visited is in the Highlands. 6. Loch Ness is 37 km long. People know it for its friendly monster. Loch Ness, people know for its friendly monster, is 37 km long. 7. There we met an old man. He told us he had seen Nessie. An old man we met there told us he had seen Nessie. 8. We then travelled to a mountain. The mountain is near the town of Fort William. We then travelled to a mountain is near the town of Fort William. 9. The mountain is the highest mountain in Great Britain. It is called Ben Nevis. The mountain, is the highest mountain in Great Britain, is called Ben Nevis. 10. I sent you a postcard. It was written on the summit of Ben Nevis. The postcard I sent you was written on the summit of Ben Nevis.