New species of Halacaridae (Acari) from New Zealand

New Zealand Journal of Zoology ISSN: 0301-4223 (Print) 1175-8821 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tnzz20 New species of Halacaridae (Acari) from New Zealand Ilse Bartsch To cite this article: Ilse Bartsch (1985) New species of Halacaridae (Acari) from New Zealand, New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 12:4, 547-560, DOI: 10.1080/03014223.1985.10428302 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.1985.10428302 Published online: 27 Feb 2013. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 63 View related articles Citing articles: 4 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalinformation?journalcode=tnzz20

New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 1985. Vol. 12: 547-560 0301-4223/85/1204-0547$2.50/0 Crown copyright 1985 547 New species of Halacaridae (Acari) from New Zealand ILSE BARTSCH Biologische Anstalt Helgoland Notkestr. 31 2000 Hamburg 52, Federal Republic of Germany AbstrlJct Seven new taxa of marine mites (Halacaridae) are described from the marine littoral zone of northern and southern New Zealand: Agauopsis novaezelandiae, A. luxtoni, Halacarellus lubricus, Copidognathus lubricus, Simognathus glaber, S. glareus. and Rhombognathus novaezelandicus. A list of halacarid species known from New Zealand waters is added. Keywords Marine mites; Halacaridae; littoral; new taxa; descriptions INTRODUCTION Few halacarid species have been recorded from New Zealand waters. The first descriptions of Agaue parva and Halixodes truncipes were published by Chilton (1883). A few years later, Copidognathus lohmanni (Trouessart 1889), Werthella parvirostris (Trouessart 1889) and Halixodes chitonis (Brucker 1897) were described. After a long pause of more than 60 years a description of juveniles of Halixodeschitonis stoutaeappeared (Stout & Viets 1959). Twenty years later, the number of species known were increased by five (Rhombognathus lacunosus, R. fractus, Halacarus nitidus, Agauopsis similis, Agaue insignatai (Bartsch 1979). Dr M. Luxton sent me some tubes with halacarids, collected from intertidal habitats in northern New Zealand, near Leigh, and in the south, on the Otago Peninsula. All holotypes and paratypes are deposited in the New Zealand Arthropod Collection, Entomology Division, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Auckland, New Zealand. Received 13 March 1985, accepted26 April 1985 Abbreviations used in descriptions AD anterodorsal plate; AE anterior epimeral plate; ds dorsal setae, ds-l first pair of dorsal setae; GA genitoanal plate; GO genital opening; OC ocular plate(s); P palp; p, I first palpal segment; pas parambulacral setae; PD posterodorsal plate; PE posterior epimeral plate; pgs perigenital setae; sgs subgenital setae; v ventral; vi ventrolateral; vm ventromedial. Leg segments: I-I trochanter of leg I; 11-2 basifemur of leg II; III-3 telofemur of leg III; IV-4 genu ofleg IV; 1-5 tibia ofleg I; 1-6 tarsus of leg I. SYSTEMATICS Subfamily HALACARINAE Viets, 1927 Genus Agauopsis Viets, 1927 Agauopsis simi/is Bartsch, 1979 (Fig. 1, 2) Agauopis similis Bartsch 1979: 179, Fig. 37 47. Material examined. 2 5f, 6 0, I deutonymph, Otago, ex coralline seaweeds from sheltered shore, Feb 1968. FEMALE. Idiosoma length 515 and 533 urn, Female similar to male except for genital region. Length of GA 194 urn, width 192 urn. Distance from anterior margin of GA to GO equals length of GO (Fig. I). Three pairs of perigenital setae. Subgenital setae lacking. Chelicerae long and slender (Fig. 2). MALE. Idiosoma length 490-525 urn. DEUTONYMPH. Idiosoma length 483 urn. Dorsal and ventral plates smaller than in adults, separated by wide areas of striated integument. Setae ds-i, ds-2 and ds-4 insert within striated integument. AD with small frontal spine. Genital plate oval in outline; 72 urn long and 96 urn wide. Two pairs of perigenital setae. Gnathosoma smaller but equalling that of adults. Telofemora wide, as in adults. One ventromedial and I ventral spine on telofemur I, 2 ventromedial and I ventral on tibia I. Remarks. The specimens from Otago are larger than the single male found in the north of New Zealand at Goat Island Bay (Bartsch 1979); otherwise the characteristics agree well with those known for A. similis. Distribution. Agauopis similis is known from New Zealand and from the south of Australia (Phillip Island, Victoria). Published online 27 Feb 2013

548 New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 1985, Vol. 12 Fig. 1-2 Agauopsis simi/is Bartsch, <j>: (I) genitoanal plate, ventral; (2) chelicera. (each scale division = 50 11m) 2 Agauopsis novaezelandiae n, sp. (Fig. 3-15) Material examined. 2 s. I ~. Holotype s. Portobello, Otago, ex coralline seaweeds, sheltered shore, near Marine Biology Laboratory, Feb 1968; 1 cj, Pipikeretu Beach, Otago, from Chamaesipho columna, lower shore, Feb 1968; 1 ~, Leigh, from Elminius plicatus, beneath a projecting rock shelf, exposed shore, Feb 1967. Diagnosis. Idiosoma length in female 583 urn, in males 527-573 urn. Dorsal plates uniformly panelled; integument pierced by canaliculi. PD large; no raised costae; ds-4 inserted on PD. In female and male, distance GO to anterior margin of GA slightly less than length of GO. Rostrum short. Base ofgnathosoma 2.5 X longer than rostrum. Spines on leg I short. One ventral and 2 ventromedial spines on 1-3. Claws smooth. FEMALE. Idiosoma length 583 urn. Female similar to male except for genital region. GA 204 urn long, GO 92 urn: distance from GO to anterior margin ofga 75 urn. Three perigenital setae stand on both sides ofgo. Subgenital setae lacking (Fig. 5). MALE. Idiosoma length 527-573 urn. Holotype dimensions (um) Length Width Idiosoma 573 408 Anterodorsal plate 292 162 Ocular plate 130 68 Posterodorsal plate 295 217 Anterior epimeral plate 311 385 Genitoanal plate 223 241 Genital opening 80 28 Gnathosoma 162 97 Rostrum 45 35 Dorsal plates uniformly ornamented, with small pores arranged in circles (Fig. 7), and a network formed by small cuticular bars. Conspicuously raised costae lacking. Outline of dorsal plates illustrated in Fig. 3. Frontal margin of AD with minute spinelet. With 2 corneae on OC; beneath corneae red-brown eye pigment present. Gland pores minute; one pair seen on lateral margin of AD, at level of leg I, and 1 pair on OC, just posterior to second cornea. Dorsal setae short but strong. Setae ds-i arise on AD, slightly posterior to level of insertion ofleg I. Setae ds-2 and ds-3 insert on minute sclerites within striated integument, ds-4, ds-5 and ds 6 on PD. Ventral plates finely porose. Claparede organs open with a small slit at surface of AE. Ventral setae slender. GA with 37 setae, arranged in 2 rings around GO (Fig. II), and 2 peripheral setae (Fig. 4). Genital sclerites with 5 pairs of spine-like subgenital setae, 4 small, I stout (Fig. 11). GO slightly longer than distance GO to anterior margin of GA. Gnathosoma oblong. Palps and rostrum distinctly shorter than base of gnathosoma (Fig. 6). Frontal margin oftectum straight. One pair oflong maxillary setae insert on gnathosomatic base, 1 pair on rostrum. Rostrum tip with 2 pairs of minute setae. Third and fourth palpal segment almost equal in length. Stout, bluntly ended spine on P-3 as long as segment P-3 (Fig. 12). P-4 with 2 basal setae, I minute distal seta and 2 spinelets at tip. Legs. Shorter than length of idiosoma. Characteristic number of spines for leg I: Iv and 2vm on 1-3, Iv and Ivm on 1-4, l v and 2vm on 1-5, 1vm on 1-6. All spines short and slightly denticulate at ends. Ventromedial and posterior of the ventral bristles on tibia II spine-like, basal one small. Ventral bristles on tibiae III and IV strong and spinelike, ventrolateral ones longer and bristle-like (Fig. 10). On tarsus I insert dorsally 3 strong setae, ventromedially I spine, ventrally 2 setae, dorsally 1 minute solenidion, and on both sides of ambulacrum doublet eupathidia (Fig. 14). On tarsus II arise dorsally 3 strong setae, dorsomedially a minute solenidion, and at tip, laterally 1 seta-like and I spine-like pas, medially 1 spine-like pas (Fig. 15). Tarsi III and IV with only 1 spine-like pas, inserted on lateral flank of tarsal tip (Fig. 13). Claws on leg I small, those on following legs large and smooth.

Bartsch-New species of Halacaridae 549 5 6 15 Fig. 3-15 Agauopsis novaezelandiae n. sp.: (3) idiosoma, ventral, cs; (4) idiosoma, dorsal, cs; (5) genitoanal plate, ventral, ~; (6) gnathosoma, ventral, cs; (7) PD at level of ds-5, cs; (8) leg I, medial, cs; (9) leg II, medial, cs; (10) leg III, medial, cs; (II) genital region, cs; (12) palp, medial, cs; (13) tarsus IV, medial, cs; (14) tarsus I, lateral, ~ (medial setae and claw omitted); (15) tarsus II, medial, cs (lateral setae and claw omitted). (AD anterodorsal plate; AE anterior epimeral plate; GA genitoanal plate; OC ocular plate; pas parambulacral setae; PD posterodorsal plate; PE posterior epimeral plate; pgs perigenital setae; te tectum) (each scale division = 50 urn)

550 New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 1985, Vol. 12 19 20 Fig.16-23 Agauopsis luxtoni n. sp., 0': (16) idiosoma, dorsal; (17)idiosoma, ventral; (18) tibia and tarsus IV, medial; (19) gnathosoma, ventral; (20) palp, medial; (21) leg I, medial; (22) leg II, medial; (23) leg III, lateral. (each scale division = 50 J.Im With a small median claw present between the claws, bidentate on tarsus I, without tooth on following tarsi. JUVENILES. Not seen. Remarks. Agauopsis novaezelandiae belongs to the brevipalpus group (cr. Bartsch unpublished data). It is distinguished from the other species by the very short rostrum and the wide PD. striated integument. Distance GO to anterior margin ofga less than halfthe length of the GO. Gnathosoma long; rostrum more than 3x longer than wide. Telofemur I 2Ax longer than high. 1-3 with 1 ventral and 2 ventromedial spines. Claw comb with minute teeth. FEMALE. Idiosoma length 483-548 urn. Holotype dimensions (urn) Agauopis luxtoni n. sp. (Fig. 16-23) Material examined. 4 ~ Holotype and I paratype ~, Leigh, crevices in oysters, exposed shore near Marine Laboratory, 23 Feb 1967; 2 ~, Leigh, ex red-brown algae from exposed side of a shore platform, near Marine Laboratory, 23 Feb 1967. Diagnosis. Idiosoma length of female 483-548 urn. Dorsal plates panelled. PD with 2 medial and 2 lateral slightly raised costae. Ds-4 insert within Idiosoma Anterodorsal plate Ocular plate Posterodorsal plate Anterior epimeral plate Genitoanal plate Genital opening Gnathosoma Rostrum Length 548 186 112 217 195 161 86 187 75 Width 397 167 62 180 378 186 37 102 21

Bartsch-New species of Halacaridae 551 26 28 33 34 Fig.24-34 Halacare/lus lubricus n. sp., 0: (24) idiosoma, dorsal; (25) idiosoma, ventral; (26) genital sclerites, ventral; (27) gnathosoma, lateral; (28) left ocular plate, dorsal; (29) leg I, medial; (30) leg II, medial; (31) leg III, ventromedial; (32) tarsus I, lateral (medial setae and claw omitted); (33) tip of tarsus I, ventral (dorsal setae omitted); (34) tarsus II, medial (lateral setae and claw omitted). (each scale division = 50 urn) Dorsal plates panelled and pierced by fine pores. Integument appears thickened on 2 longitudinal areas on AD and PD, at lateral margin on PD, and on small area medial to comeae on the Oc. AD with minute frontal spine (Fig. 16). OC with 2 large comeae. Red-brown eye pigment present beneath comeae and frontal area of AD. Dorsal setae strong; ds-l arise on AD anterior to level of insertion of leg I (Fig. 16), ds-2, ds-3 and ds-4 on minute sclerites within the striated integument, ds-5 and ds-6 on the PD, ds-5 at level of leg IV, ds-6 close to the posterior end of the plate. Ventral plates uniformly porose. Claparede organs end with small slits at surface of AE. Distance from anterior margin of GO to GA 35 urn. Three perigenital setae on both Subgenital setae lacking (Fig. 17). sides of GO. Gnathosoma long and slender (Fig. 19). Base of gnathosoma slightlylonger than wide, rostrum more than Jx longer than wide. Frontal margin of tectum straight. One pair of maxillary setae insert on gnathosomatic base close to rostrum. Palps reach Sig 7"

552 to end of rostrum. P-2 with long dorsal seta. P-4, slightly longer than P-3, with 2 basal setae, 2 distal spinelets and 1 minute seta (Fig. 20). Legs. Leg I almost as long as idiosoma. Length to height of telofemur I equals 2.4 : I. Characteristic number of spines on leg I: 1v and 2vm on 1 3, Iv and 1vm on 1-4, Iv and 2vm on 1-5, 1vm on 1-6 (Fig. 21). All spines denticulate. Tibia II with 2 spines (Fig. 22). Tibiae III and IV each with 1 slender ventrolateral bristle and I spine-like ventromedial spine (Fig. 18, 23). On tip of tarsus I stand doublet eupathid pas; on tip of tarsus II laterally a spine-like and I seta-like pas, medially a spine-like pas; on tarsi III and IV ventrolaterally 1 spine-like pas. Solenidion on 1-6 insert dorsolaterally, on 11-6 dorsomedially. Claws on leg I smooth, smaller than following ones. Claws on legs II, III and IV have claw combs with fine teeth (Fig. 23). MALE and JUVENILES. not seen. Remarks. Agauopsis luxtoni belongs to the brevipalpus group. It is easily separated from A. novaezelandiae by: ds-l arise anterior to insertion of leg I; ds-4 insert within striated integument; distance from anterior margin of GO to that of GA small; rostrum slender, more than three times longer than wide; palps not surpassing the rostrum; spines on leg I long; telofemur I more than twice as long as high; posterior claws with claw combs. Genus Halacarellus Viets, 1927 Halacarellus lubricus n. sp, (Fig. 24-34) Material examined. 1 0 Holotype, Omaha Cove, near Leigh, ex Coral/ina from sheltered shore, 26 Feb 1967. Diagnosis. Idiosoma length of male 415 urn. AD, OC and PO large; panelled as figured. Ventral plates almost smooth. Male with 46 perigenital setae. Tibia I with 3 smooth vi and 2vm bristles, distal one smooth and slender, basal one bipectinate. Tibia II with 2 smooth vi and 3 pectinate vm bristles. Both tibia III and IV with I smooth and 2 pectinate setae. FEMALE. Not seen MALE. Idiosoma length 425 urn. Holotype dimensions (urn) Length Width ldiosoma 415 275 Anterodorsal plate 140 127 Ocular plate 125 60 Posterodorsal plate 244 168 Anterior epimeral plate 142 254 Genitoanal plate 198 149 Genital opening 55 28 Gnathosoma 177 New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 1985, Vol. 12 Outline of dorsal and ventral plates (Fig. 24, 25). Surface of plates almost smooth on an H-like area on AD, on lateral margin of OC and on V-like area on PO; outside these areas cuticular ribs form a panelling (Fig. 28). Frontal margin of AD with minute spinelet. OC oblong, with 1 large cornea in anterior end. First pair of gland pores sit on lateral margin of AD, at level of insertion of leg I. Two gland pores present on lateral margin of OC, first just posterior to large cornea, second in distal end ofplate. PO with pair ofgland pores, slightly raised, just posterior to level of insertion of leg IV. All dorsal setae small. Setae ds-l insert on AD, ds-2, ds-3 and ds-4 within striated integument, ds-2 between AD and OC, ds-3 between OC and ds-4 close to margin of PD. Setae ds-5 sit on PO, lateral to smooth longitudinal area. All ventral plates uniformly and finely porose. Slight panellingdiscernible when focussed on deeper integumental layers. Ventral setae longer than dorsal ones. Three pairs of setae arise on AE, 3 ventral and 1 dorsal seta on PE. Around GO stand 46 pgs (Fig. 25). Genital sclerites with I pair of minute setae and 4 pairs of small spines (Fig. 26). Gnathosoma slender. Rostrum longer than gnathosomatic base. Integument on base finely porose ventrally, panelled dorsally. Tectum margin straight. First pair of maxillary setae arise on gnathosomatic base, second pair on rostrum (Fig. 27). At rostrum tip stand 2 pairs of minute rostral setae. Palps surpass rostrum. On P-2 insert 1 seta dorsally; P-3 with I small ventromedial spine, P-4 with 3 basal setae. Legs. All legs slightly shorter than idiosoma. Chaetotaxy shown in Fig. 29-31. On tibia I stand 3 slender ventrolateral (vi) bristles and 2 spine-like ventromedial (vm) bristles; on tibia II 2 slender, smooth vi and 3 wide, pectinate vm bristles; on tibia III 1 slender, smooth vi and 2 pectinate vm bristles; on ventral flank on tibia IV 3 spiny bristles. At tip of tarsus I arise > 20 eupathid setae (Fig. 33), at tip of tarsus II 7 setae, e.g., 1 pair of doublet pas and 1 vm and 2 vi setae. All tarsi with large membranes of claw fossae. Solenidion on tarsus I on lateral membrane (Fig. 32); posterior to this a canalicular famulus. Solenidion on tarsus II on medial membrane of claw fossa (Fig. 34). Two large claws on tarsi with an accessory process and strong teeth on claw comb. A small median claw present between the large claws. JUVENILES. Not seen. Remarks. The minute spinelet on the frontal margin of the AD, oblong OC, gland pores on the PO, form and arrangement of the subgenital setae on the genital sclerites resembles that known from H. antipodianus (Newell, 1984). But in H. antipodianus the tibia I has six ventral setae, whereas H.

Bartsch-New species of Halacaridae 553 37 38 c.:,... /~ i1 \ \ I \ ) '------ 39 40 41 Fig. 35-41 Copidognathus lubricus n. sp., ~: (35) idiosoma, dorsal; (36) idiosoma, ventral; (37) leg I, lateral; (38) leg IV, lateral; (39) gnathosoma, ventral; (40) tarsus II, lateral; (41) tarsus III, medial. (each scale division = 50 urn) lubricus only has five; and in H. antipodianus none of the ventral setae on 11-5 is bipectinate while in H. lubricus the three ventromedial spines are distinctly pectinate. Subfamily COPIDOGNATHINAE Bartsch, 1983 Genus Copidognathus Trouessart, 1888 Copidognathus lubricus n, sp. (Fig. 35-41) Material examined. I ~ Holotype, Pipikeretu Beach, Otago, amongst Mytilus, Feb 1968. Diagnosis. Idiosoma length of female 310 urn. Heavily armoured. AD with gable-like crest. No frontal spine and no transverse bar. Costae on AD and PD with pycnotic rosette pores. AE and GA fused laterally. Distance GO to anterior GA equals 1.6x length of GO. Tectum with crest. All telofemora with large ventral and distal lamellae; basifemora III and IV with ventral lamellae; genua I and II with distal lamellae on lateral flank; all tibiae with distal lamellae on lateral and medial flank. Claw combs with strong teeth. FEMALE. Idiosoma. Ho!otype dimensions (urn) Length Width Idiosoma 310 180 Anterodorsal plate 90 92 Ocular plate 94 28 Posterodorsal plate 217 132 Anterior epimeral plate 105 162 Genitoanal plate 152 126 Genital opening 52 20 Gnathosoma 92 61 Rostrum 40 25

554 Idiosoma heavily armoured, with only small striae of membranous integument between plates. AD with elevated, gable-like area; anterior end of gable crest-like. Pair ofgland pores adjacent to ds 1 separate crest from slightly raised posterior ridges (Fig. 35). Transverse bar lacking. Ridges with pycnotic rosette pores, 2-3 pores wide. Surface ofad panelled and punctate outside porose areolae. OC wide anteriorly; posterior cauda small, hidden beneath PD. OC with 2 large corneae, red-brown eye pigment beneath, gland pore at lateral margin and seta ds-2, on slightly projecting anteromedial edge. PD long, extending to level of anterior edge of PE; PO with 2 slightly raised costae, anteriorly 3 pycnotic rosette pores wide, posteriorly 1-2 pores wide. Setae ds-3, ds-4 and ds-5 inserted on PD. Anal plate base with I adanal seta on left side, 2 on right (Fig. 35). Ventral plates with groups of small cuticular pores. AE wide, almost quadrangular, separated from GA medially, but fused with it at lateral edges (Fig. 36). Epimeral processes on both sides of camerostome lamelliform, wide at the base, pointed at end. Epimeral process at leg II wide. Distance from anterior margin of GO to GA 1.6x length of GO. Distal ends of genital sclerites hardly concealing base of anal valves (Fig. 36). Ovipositor surpassing GO for less than its length. GA with 2 pairs of perigenital setae; third pair not seen, but certainly present close to posterior margin of GO. Gnathosoma basally pierced by canalicular pores. Rostrum short, triangular (Fig. 39). Tectum crestlike. Palps slender, surpassing rostrum. Legs. All telofemora with wide, punctuate ventrolateral lamellae; distal ends oftibiae with large lateral and medial lamellae. Chaetotaxy of legs I and IV illustrated in Fig. 37, 38; legs II and III similar to leg I and IV, respectively, except for tarsi. Tarsus I with 3 dorsal and 3 ventral setae, solenidion in dorsolateral position and eupathid doublet pas; tarsus II with 3 dorsal setae, solenidion in dorsolateral position and on each side ofambulacrum one long and one short pas (Fig. 40); tarsus III with 4 (Fig. 41), and tarsus IV with 3, dorsal setae. Claws large on all legs; claw comb with strong teeth. Between claws small bidentate median claw present. MALE and JUVENILES. Not seen. Remarks. Copidognathus lubricus is similar to C. simplipes Newell 1984, a species collected amongst intertidal Mytilus and coralline algae, near Valparaiso, Chile (Newell 1984). In both species, the outline and ornamentation ofthe dorsal and ventral plates is similar. But in C. lubricus the porose areolae on the PO surpass the ds-3; the lamellae on the legs are large; on telofemur I and II lamellae are present both ventrally and distally; genua I and II have distolateral lamellae; all tibiae have lateral and medial lamellae posteriorly. New Zealand Journal ofzoology, 1985, Vol. 12 Subfamily SIMOGNATHINAE Viets, 1927 Genus Simognathus Trouessart, 1889 Simognathus glaber n. sp. (Fig. 42-48) Material examined. I 'f Holotype, Omaha Cove, near Leigh, ex Corallina, sheltered shore, 26. Feb 1967. Diagnosis. Idiosoma length offemale 415 urn. AD and PD almost equal length. AD truncate posteriorly. OC oval. GA with quadrangular anterior portion. Distance of GO to anterior margin of GA almost twice length ofgo. Bristle on P-2 posterior to ventral knob. Tibia I very stout. Ventral spine on tibia I short and blunt. Lateral claws on tarsus I not conspicuously slender. Telofemora short. Integument of legs almost smooth. FEMALE. Idiosoma. Holotype dimensions (urn) Length Width Idiosoma 415 267 Anterodorsal plate 174 117 Ocular plate 44 28 Posterodorsal plate 179 127 Anterior epirneral plate 167 242 Genitoanal plate 174 127 Genital opening 45 20 Dorsal plates covered with large, shallow pores (Fig. 42), as in most species ofgenus Simognathus. AD almost as long as PD, truncate anteriorly and posteriorly, widest well posterior to ds-i. AD with large, smooth, cornea-like area at anterior end. OC oval; with integument smooth along lateral margin, with shallow pores at medial margin and in middle of plate. PD rounded anteriorly; posteriorly set off truncately from anal plate. Dorsal setae long and slender. Setae ds-i inserted on AD, at level of leg I, ds-2 within striated integument, just anterior to OC, ds-3 at distal border of AD, ds-4 at margin of PD and ds-5 on PO at level of leg IV (Fig. 42); adanal setae on ventral side ofanal plate. Ventral plates almost completely covered with shallow pores, with fine canaliculi in deeper integumental layers; smooth areas present medial to epimera I and II, and within oval area between GO and anterior margin of GA (Fig. 43). AE slightly concave posteriorly. Epimeral processes I and II large. At border of epimera I to II a heavily sclerotised groove. GA truncate, almost quadrangular anteriorly; distance from GO to end of idiosoma equalling length ofgo, distance from GO to anterior end ofga almost twice length ofgo (Fig. 43). Gnathosoma small, slightly globular. Palps 3 segmented. P-2 with ventral cuticular knob, and a bristle posterior to it (Fig. 48). Third pal pal seg-

Bartsch-New species of Halacaridae 555 1 4S 43 47 Fig. 42-48 Simognathus glaber n. sp., 0: (42) idiosoma, dorsal; (43) idiosoma, ventral; (44) leg I, medial; (45) leg IV, medial; (46) leg II, medial; (47) tip of tarsus I, lateral (medial setae and claw omitted); (48) gnathosoma, lateral. (each scale division = 50 J.1m). ment with 1 dorsal seta and 3 minute distal spinelets. Gnathosomatic base with 1 pair oflong setae; end of rostrum with 1 pair of small setae and 2 pairs of minute bristles. Legs. All legs stout. Integument of legs almost smooth, pores or panels lacking. Integument conspicuously sclerotised along ventral flank of telofemora; small lateral and medial lamellae forming ventral groove. Lateral and medial lamellae present at end of telofemora, genua and tibiae. Tibia I very strong, height to length I : 1.3; ventral spine stout, short (Fig. 44); truncate distal end of tibia I forming subchela with the slender tarsus. Tibiae on posterior legs slender relative to tibia I. Tibia II with large medial, smaller ventral spine; both bipectinate. Tibiae II, IV each with 2 pectinate spines inserted close together. Median claw on tarsus I slightly heavier than lateral claws; median claw on following tarsi minute and unidentate; lateral claws long and slender, each with accessory process and 1-2 minute teeth. No claw comb. All tarsi with 3 dorsal setae; moreover, tarsus I with I slender, tapering spine, and single, long eupathid pas (Fig. 47) both laterally and medially; tarsus II with I ventral seta, and single eupathid pas on both sides of ambulacrum. Two ventral setae on tarsus III and IV. MALES and JUVENILES. Not seen. Remarks. Simognathus g/aber is most similar to Simognathus subobtusus Newell, 1984, but in S. glaber the PD is larger, the anterior portion of the GA is large relative to the GO, and the lateral claws on tarsi II, III and IV have minute accessory processes.

556 Simognathus glareus n, sp. (Fig. 49-56) Material examined. I ~ Holotype, Leigh, exposed shore near Marine Laboratory, gravel at front of rock crevices, 23 Feb 1967. Diagnosis. Idiosoma length offemale 390 urn, AD longer than PD. Posterior portion ofad, and anterior portion of PD, coloured brown. Setae ds-4 insert within striated integument, adanal setae on ventral flank ofga. OC pointed distally. Anterior end of GA almost smooth; distance from anterior margin ofga to GO slightly longer than GO; distance from posterior end ofidiosoma to GO equals length of GO. P-2 with ventral cuticular knob and posterior bristle. Telofemora slightly panelled. Spine on tibia I blunt. Lateral claws on tarsus I halfthickness of median claw. FEMALE. Idiosoma. Holotype dimensions (urn) Length Width Idiosoma 390 212 Anterodorsal plate 182 107 Ocular plate 37 22 Posterodorsal plate 145 100 Anterior epimeral plate 174 212 Genitoanal plate 145 112 Genital opening 45 25 Dorsal plate covered with large, shallow pores; deeper integumental layers pierced by very fine canaliculi. AD longer than PD. AD truncate anteriorly and posteriorly; with large cornea in anterior portion; posterior portion of plate coloured brown. OC slightly pointed distally; with large cornea laterally. PD rounded anteriorly; light-brown colour. Dorsal setae long, slender. Setae ds-i inserted on AD, ds-3 at very margin of AD, ds-2 and ds-4 within striated integument (Fig. 52), ds-5 on PD, adanal setae on ventral side of anal plate. Shallow pores, smaller than on dorsal plates, covering ventral shields. Pair of large vesicules between epimera I and II. GA with pores laterally but almost smooth anteriorly (Fig. 53). Distance from GO to anterior margin of GA slightly more than length of GO, distance to end of idiosoma equalling length of GO. GA with 4 setae on both sides of GO. Gnathosoma. Base ofgnathosoma globular. Rostrum short; with pair oflong maxillary setae arising from base of rostrum, with further pair near tip and 2 minute spinelets terminally. P-2 with ventral cuticular knob and posterior bristle (Fig. 56). Legs. Telofemora slightly panelled on ventral flank. All telofemora, genua and tibiae posteriorly with short lateral and medial lamellae. Tibiae I, III and IV longer than telofemora, respectively, tibia II equalling telofemur II in length. Ventral spine New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 1985, Vol. 12 on tibia I strong and blunt. Chaetotaxy of legs I, II and III illustrated in Fig. 49-51; leg IV similar to leg III (Fig. 55). Lateral claws on tarsus I half as thick as median claw (Fig. 54). Tarsi II, III and IV with median claws minute and unidentate, lateral claws large, and provided with small accessory processes but no claw combs. MALE and JUVENILES. Not seen. Remarks. Simognathus glareus is distinguished from S. glaber by the outline of the OC, PD and GA, the insertion of the ds-4, the length ofthe GO relative to the GA, and the long telofemora relative to their height. Subfamily RHOMBOGNATHINAE Viets, 1927 Genus Rhombognathus Trouessart, 1888 Rhombognathus novaezelandicus n. sp. (Fig. 57-66) Material examined. I ~, 4 O. I 0 Holotype and I 0 paratype, Otago Peninsula, ex Viva and redbrown algae, midlittoral, Feb 1968. I ~, 2 0, Portobello, Otago, near Marine Biology Laboratory, sheltered shore, ex Corallina seaweeds, Feb 1968. Diagnosis. According to the table of characters for Rhombognathus (cf. Bartsch 1982) R. novaezelandicus has the formula: I 3 (AD, OC and PD separate): II 2 (2 setae on PD); III I (I adjunctive seta on AE); IV 1 (I adjunctive seta on PE); V I (in females all ventral plates fused): VI I (in males all ventral plates fused); VII 5 (in females 5 pairs of perigenital setae); VIII I (in females I pair of subgenital setae); IX 4 (accessory process wide, with > 17 small teeth); X 2/4 (2 ventral and 4 dorsal setae on 1-3); XI 2/4 (2 ventral and 4 dorsal setae on II-3); XII 1/3 (I ventral and 3 dorsal setae on III-3); XIII 1/(2-)3 (I ventral and 3 (rarely 2) setae on IV-3). FEMALE. Idiosoma length 341 urn. Similar to male except for genital region. All ventral plates fused, genital plate fused with anal plate (Fig. 63). Genital sclerites oblong. One pair of subgenital setae and 5 pairs of perigenital setae. MALE. Idiosoma length 278-310 urn. Holotype dimensions (urn) Length Width Idiosoma 310 217 Anterodorsal plate 100 110 Ocular plate 89 70 Posterodorsal plate 184 117 Ventral shield 264 217 Genital opening 80 15 Gnathosoma 67 58

Bartsch-New species of Halacaridae 557 54 55 Fig. 49-56 Simognathus glareus n. sp., ~: (49) leg I, lateral; (50) leg II, lateral; (51) leg III, lateral; (52) idiosoma, dorsal; (53) idiosoma, ventral; (54) tip of tarsus I, lateral (medial setae and claw omitted); (55) tarsus IV, lateral; (56) gnathosoma, lateral. (each scale division = 50 11m) 56 AD, OC and PO separate (Fig. 57). Median and distal portion ofad, anterior and posterior one on OC and median and lateral areas on PO panelled. AD with slightly curved series of apodemes. First pair ofgland pores present on AD at level ofinsertion of leg I, 2 pairs of pores on OC close to lateral margin, and I pair of gland pores at distal end of PD. OC with 2 corneae. All dorsal setae small and slender; setae ds-i inserted on AD, 2 pairs on OC, 2 pairs on PO, and I pair on anal plates. All ventral plates fused. Area ofae with 4 pairs of setae, PE with 5 setae. Row of 9-10 and single distal pgs inserted on each side of GO; all pgs slightly plumose. Genital sclerites with 2 pairs of small sgs inserted at genital slit (Fig. 58). Gnathosoma small and compact. Margin of tectum slightly rounded (Fig. 59). Palps ctosely appressed to short rostrum, distal end of P-4 directed ventrad. P-2 with I long seta, P-4 with 3 setae (Fig. 65). Rostrum with 2 pairs of maxillary setae, arising close together. Legs. Chaetotaxy of legs I -II - III - IV: trochanters I - I - I - 0, basifemora 2-2 - 2-2, telofemora 6-6 - 4 - (3-)4, genua 5-5 - 3-3 -, tibiae 6-6 - 5-5, tarsi (pas excluded) 3-3 - 4-3. Both ventral setae on 1-5 and ventrolateral one on 1-4, bipectinate (Fig. 60). Tibiae II and III with only ventromedial seta bipectinate, ventrolateral one smooth and slender (Fig. 61, 62). Both tarsus I (Fig. 66) and II with solenidion in dorsolateral position and doublet eupathids. Tarsus III medially with single eupathid seta, laterally with pectinate, spinelike seta (Fig. 64). Medial pas on tarsus IV plumose, lateral pas pectinate and spine-like. Claws of endoplanate form, with series ofca. 20 minute teeth along wider margin of accessory process.

558 New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 1985, Vol. 12 59 57,i''j,., 58 63 64 65 66 Fig. 57-66 Rhombognathus novaezelandicus n. sp.: (57) idiosoma, dorsal, 0; (58) idiosoma, ventral, 0; (59) gnathosoma, ventral, 0; (60) leg I, ventral, 0; (61) leg II, ventral, 0; (62) leg III, ventral, 0; (63) genital region, ventral, ~; (64) tip oftarsus III, ventral, 0; (65) palp and rostrum, lateral, 0; (66) tarsus I, lateral, 0 (medial setae and claw omitted). (each scale division = 50 11m) Remarks. Hitherto, only three Rhombognathus species are known from New Zealand waters, e.g., R. lacunosus Bartsch, 1979,R. fractus Bartsch, 1979 and R. novaezealandicus n. sp. The latter species is easily recognised because of the endoplanate claws with the very wide accessory processes. From the Southern Hemisphere, six Rhombognathus species with wide accessory processes and more than 15 teeth are known, viz. R. adeliensis Newell, 1984 from Terre Adelie, Antarctica, R. apsteini Lohmann, 1907 from Kerguelen Islands, R. eltani Newell, 1984 from off South Africa, R.

Bartsch-New species of Halacaridae litoralis Bartsch, 1972 from South Africa, R. pacificus Newell, 1984 from off Chile, and R. plumifer Trouessart, 1889 from South America. The genital plate is separated from the anal plate and only three pairs of perigenital setae are present in the female of R. adeliensis. All dorsal plates are densely panelled and the AE has two pairs of adjunctive setae in R. apsteini. The claw is well separated from the accessory process in R. eltani. Tibiae I and II have five dorsal setae in both R. litoralis and R. plumifer. The OC are small and the anterior setae on the PD insert very close to the anterior margin in R. pacificus. 559 Halacarellus decipiens (Newell, 1984) [Newell 1984: 96-98, Fig. 228-232; USNMW] Idiosoma length, female: 770-790 urn, male: 699-810 urn. Locality: Near Antipodes Island, 103 m; Macquarie Rise, 79 415 m. Halacarellus lubricus n. sp. [this paper, Fig. 24-34; DSIR] Idiosoma length, male: 415 urn. Locality: Leigh, New Zealand, intertidal. Bathyhalacarus angustops (Newell, 1984) [Newell 1984: 105-106, Fig. 254-256, USNMW] Idiosoma length, female: 588 um. Locality: 49 40'S, 178 53'E, near Antipodes Island, 103 m. HALACARIDAE KNOWN FROM NEW ZEALAND WATERS To date, 22 halacarid species are recorded from New Zealand waters. The species are listed; notes to reliable descriptions and the repositories of the type material are added in square brackets. HALACARINAE Viets, 1927 Halacarus elegans Newell, 1984 [Newell 1984: 64 65, Fig. 116-119; United States National Museum, Washington, USA (USNMW)] Idiosoma length, female: 420 urn. Locality: Near Auckland Island, 415 m. Halacarus nitidus Bartsch, 1979 [Bartsch 1979: 179, Fig. 25-35; Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Auckland, New Zealand (DSIR)] Idiosoma length, male: 375 urn. Locality: Goat Island Bay, New Zealand, intertidal. Halacarus zealandicus Newell, 1984 [Newell 1984: 48-50, Fig. 82-88; USNMW] Idiosoma length, female: 700 11m; male: 618 urn. Locality: 49 19'S 171 03TE, 207-165 m Agauopsis similis Bartsch, 1979 [Bartsch 1979: 179, 182, Fig. 37-47, and this paper; DSIR] Idiosoma length, female: 515-533 urn, male: 389-525 urn. Locality: Northern New Zealand, near Leigh, intertidal; southern New Zealand, Otago, intertidal. Agauopsis novaezelandiae n. sp. [this paper, Fig. 3 15; DSIR] Idiosoma length, female: 583 urn, male: 527-573 urn. Locality: Portobello and Pipikeretu Beach, Otago, intertidal; Leigh, intertidal. Agauopsis luxtoni n. sp. [this paper, Fig. 16-23; DSIR] Idiosoma length, female: 483-548 11m. Locality: Leigh, New Zealand, intertidal. Halacarellus antipodianus (Newell, 1984) [Newell 1984: 115-117, Fig. 283-286; USNMW] Idiosoma length, female: 430-466 urn, male: 405-436 urn, Locality: 49 40'S 178 53'E, near Antipodes Island, 103 m. COPIDOGNAIHlNAE Bartsch, 1983 Copidognathus lohmanni (Trouessart, 1889) [Museum National d'histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (MNHNP)] The original description is very poor, the species has never been figured. Length of idiosoma in the holotype 345 11m, length to the end of the rostrum 410 urn, Only narrow striae of striated integument present between both dorsal and ventral plates. AD almost quadrangular; rosette pores present on an anterior, slightly oblong and on 2 large, round posterior areas. AD hardly surpassing these latter areolae. OC rhombic. PD very wide; with 4 longitudinal costae with ostiae; canaliculi lacking. PD panelled outside porose costae. First leg short. Telofemora conspicuously wide. Locality: New Zealand. Copidognathus lubricus n. sp. [this paper, Fig. 35 41; DSIR] Idiosoma length, female: 310 11m. Locality: Otago Peninsula, New Zealand, intertidal. Werthella parvirostris (Trouessart, 1889) [Newell 1984: 206-208, Fig. 561-569; MNHNP] Idiosoma length, female: 415-476 11m. Locality: New Zealand. HALIXODINAE Viets, 1927 Halixodes chitonis (Brucker, 1897) Halixodes chitonis chitonis (Brucker, 1897) [Andre 1931: 450-456, Fig. 1-8; MNHNP] Idiosoma length, protonymph: 1087 urn. Locality: New Zealand. Halixodes chitonis stoutae Viets, 1959 [Stout & Viets 1959: 203-207, Fig. 1-4; Zoologisches Institut und Zoologisches Museum, Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany] Idiosoma length, protonymph: 535-685 11. Locality: Lyttelton Harbour, near Christchurch, New Zealand, intertidal. Halixodes truncipes (Chilton, 1883) [Chilton 1883: 191-192, Fig. 2, 2a; Canterbury Museum, Christchurch, New Zealand] Idiosoma length, adult: 1300 urn. Locality: Lyttelton Harbour, New Zealand, intertidal.

560 Agaue insignata Bartsch, 1979 [Bartsch 1979: 184, Fig. 48-59; DSIR] Idiosoma length, female: 445 11m. Locality: Goat Island Bay, New Zealand, intertidal. Agaue parva (Chilton, 1883) [Newell 1984: 73-76, Fig. 158-166; Canterbury Museum, Christchurch, New Zealand.] Idiosoma length: c. 1000 11m. Locality: Lyttelton Harbour, New Zealand, intertidal. SIMOGNATHINAE Viets, 1927 Simognathus glaber n. sp. [this paper, Fig. 42-48; DSIR] Idiosoma length, female: 415 11m. Locality: Leigh, New Zealand, intertidal. Simognathus glaber n. sp. [this paper, Fig. 49-56; DSIR] Idiosoma length, female: 390 11m. Locality: Leigh, New Zealand, intertidal. RHOMBOGNATHINAE Viets, 1927 Rhombognathus fractus Bartsch, 1979 [Bartsch 1979: 177, 179, Fig. 12-22; DSIR] Idiosoma length, female: 299 11m, male: 251-270 11m. Locality: Goat Island Bay, New Zealand, intertidal. Rhombognathus lacunosus Bartsch, 1979 [Bartsch 1979: 175-177, Fig. I-II; DSIR] Idiosoma length, female: 275-299 11m, male: 255-275 11m. Locality: Goat Island Bay, New Zealand, intertidal. Rhombognathus novaezelandicus n, sp. [this paper, Fig. 57-66; DSIR] Idiosoma length, female: 341 11m, male: 278-310 11m. Locality: Otago, New Zealand, intertidal. New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 1985, Vol. 12 ACKNOWLEDGMENT Thanks are due to Dr M. Luxton (Liverpool) for collecting and providing me with the mites and for linguistic help. REFERENCES Andre, M. 1931: Note sur les especes du genre Halixodes (Halacariens). Bulletin du Museum d'histoire naturelle, Paris (s. 2) 3 : 450-458. Bartsch, I. 1972: Halacaridae (Acari) aus Siidafrika. Mitteilungen aus dem hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut 69: 5-32. ---1979: Five new species of Halacaridae (Acari) from New Zealand. New Zealandjournal ofmarine & freshwater research 13: 175-185. ---1982: Zur Gattung Rhombognathus (Acari, Halacaridae), Ubersicht iiber aile Arten, deren Verbreitung und eine Bestimrnungstabelle, Zoologische Jahrbucher, Systematik, Okologie und Geographie der Tiere 109: 83-97 Brucker, A. 1897: Sur un nouvel acarien marin. Compte rendu de la Societe de biologie Paris (serie 10) 4: 632-633. Chilton, C. 1883: On two marine mites. Transactions and proceedings ofthe New Zealand institute, zoology 15: 190-192. Lohmann, H. 1907: Die Meeresmilben der Deutschen Sudpolar-Edpedition 1901-1903. Deutsche SUdpolar-expedition 1901-19039. Zoologie 1: 361-413. Newell, I. M. 1984: Antarctic Halacaroidea. Antarctic research series 40: 1-284 Stout, V. M.; Viets, K. 1959: Uber eine parasitisch lebende Halacaride (Acari) von Neuseeland. Veroffentlichungen des Instituts fur Meeresforschungen in Bremerhaven 6 : 203-211. Trouessart, E. L. 1889: Revue synoptique de la famille des Halacaridae. Bulletin scientifiques de la France et de la Belgique 20 : 225-251. DATE OF PUBLICAnON (LC.Z.N.; Rec. 21B, 2ID) The nominal year of publication (as noted on the journal cover, title page, and on the heading ofthis paper) is 1985, the actual year of publication is 1986. See volume 13, number I, for exact date of publication.