DPR Urban Water Monitoring And Pyrethroid Regulations Robert Budd, PhD Environmental Monitoring Branch Department of Pesticide Regulation March 3-5, 2015
Urban Monitoring
Objective 1: What Pesticides are in Surface Water?
Prioritization Model
Model Output Pesticide Use (lbs) Use score BM Tox score Final score Recom Permethrin 27,665 5 0.01 7 35 TRUE Bifenthrin 27,842 5 0.075 6 30 TRUE Cyfluthrin 8,667 4 0.0125 6 24 TRUE Diuron 21,010 5 2.4 4 20 TRUE Fipronil 8,095 4 0.11 5 20 TRUE Diquat 6,823 4 0.75 5 20 FALSE Pendimethalin 19,251 4 5.2 4 16 TRUE Chlorothalonil 13,859 4 1.8 4 16 FALSE Bromacil 12,643 4 6.8 4 16 TRUE Prodiamine 6,631 4 3 4 16 TRUE Cypermethrin 4,296 3 0.195 5 15 TRUE Sulfometuron 2,282 3 0.48 5 15 TRUE Carbaryl 2,081 3 0.85 5 15 TRUE Flumioxazin 1,895 3 0.852 5 15 FALSE Oxyfluorfen 1,665 3 0.29 5 15 TRUE Malathion 1,363 3 0.3 5 15 TRUE Lambda-cyhalothrin 827 2 0.0035 7 14 TRUE Triclopyr 16,939 4 70 3 12 TRUE Oryzalin 12,271 4 15.4 3 12 TRUE Imidacloprid 7,720 4 35 3 12 TRUE Acrolein 4,174 3 7 4 12 FALSE Halosulfuron-methyl 2,370 3 5.3 4 12 FALSE Chlorfenapyr 1,556 3 2.915 4 12 TRUE
Most Prevalent Pesticides in California Urban Surface Waters (2009-2014) 100 Insecticides 100 Herbicides 80 80 Frequency of Detction (%) 60 40 Frequency of Detction (%) 60 40 20 20 0 0
Objective 2: Regional Differences DPR Sites
Regional Differences Detection Frequency (%) 100 80 60 40 20 NorCal SoCal 0
Objective 3: Seasonal Differences Dry Season Rain Event
Seasonal Differences Dry extended period of no precipitation Rain first flush, winter rain
Dry Season vs. Storm Monitoring 60 Storm FD (%) - Dry FD (%) 50 40 30 20 10 0 Storm > Dry Dry > Storm -10 Dicamba Cyfluthrin 2,4-D Permethrin Diuron Bifenthrin Fipronil Malathion Oryzalin Triclopyr Deltamethrin L-cyhalothrin Cypermethrin MCPA Carbaryl Desulfinyl fipronil Imidacloprid Fipronil sulfone Pendimethalin Fipronil amide Pesticide detections more common in storm runoff
Objective 4: Stormdrain Outfalls and Receiving Waters Receiving Water Stormdrain outfalls
Stormdrain vs. Receiving Water Concentrations 100 80 % > Benchmark Frequency Detections Percent of Samples 60 40 20 0 SD RW SD RW SD RW SD RW SD RW Bifenthrin 2,4-D Triclopyr Fipronil Imidacloprid SD = Stormdrain RW = Receiving Water
Objective 5: Toxic to Aquatic Species? Euglenozoans Dinoflagellates Ceriodaphnia dubia Rainbow Trout Green algae Hyalella azteca Diatoms Copepods
Objective 5 - Toxicity US EPA Aquatic Benchmarks UCD Aquatic Health Program - Hyalella azteca survival
Potential Toxicity 12.00 6.00 Concentration (µg/l) 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 Bifenthrin Fipronil Fipronil sulfone Imidacloprid EPA Minimum Benchmark Value
Aquatic Toxicity 100 H. azteca H. azteca % Survival 80 60 40 20 0 NorCal SoCal Dry Storm Dry Storm H. azteca Toxicity Tests Indicate Pyrethroids at Toxic Levels in Surface Waters
Pyrethroid Regulations
Pyrethroid Use 2000-2013 Pyrethroids Diazinon Chlorpyrifos Urban Pesticide Use (lb ai x 1000) 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 2000 SW Regs 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Use increased as a replacement for OPs Homeowner use not reported
Pyrethroid Detections 100 Detection Frequency (%) 80 60 40 20 0 Pyrethroids Detected At High Frequency Throughout State
Pyrethroids Around California Pyrethroids detected throughout state by several research agencies
Pyrethroid Toxicity* 1.00 OPP BM 0.50 Mean Bifenthrin Cyfluthrin Cypermethrin Deltamethrin L-cyhalothrin Permethrin Concentration ( g/l 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.00 Pyrethroid Concentrations at Levels Potentially Toxic to Aquatic Species *Samples collected at stormdrains
Justification for Regulations Pyrethroids have high runoff potential from urban areas Urban hardscapes impervious surfaces Storm drain systems
Surface Water Regulations Enacted July, 2012 Professional applicators, including landscape maintenance Objective: reduce amount of pyrethroids applied (and therefore runoff) in urban landscapes
Pesticides Affected Bifenthrin Bioallethrin S-Bioallethrin Cyfluthrin Beta-cyfluthrin Prallethrin Lambda-cyhalothrin Cypermethrin Deltamethrin Esfenvalerate Fenpropathrin Tau-fluvalinate Permethrin Phenothrin Gamma-cyhalothrin Resmethrin Tetramethrin
2 ft Pin Stream Vertical Horizontal Garage Perimeter Door Impervious* Pervious; - Vertical; Spray; 2 ft Pin (Driveway, 2 up ft Stream from buffer foundation to Sidewalk) impervious Crack Spot & 1inch Pin Stream * Including adjacent buffer zone 2 ft Crevice diameter 1 in. 2 ft Only Spray When See Evidence Of Pests!
Prohibited applications Rainfall Standing water Aquatic Habitat (25 ft. down gradient) Storm/French Drain Curbside Gutters Unprotected termiticide
Take home message Minimize applications to impervious surfaces Only spray driveways and sidewalks when pest present Don t spray when rain is predicted Know and follow pyrethroid regulations!
Questions? For further information presented, see: Surface water pyrethroid regulations, http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/emon/surfwtr/presentations/pepple_swregs_upc_2_1011.pdf