ejbps, 2015, Volume 2, Issue 3, 1322-1327. Research Article SJIF Impact Factor 2.062 Adarsh et al. European Journal of Biomedical AND Pharmaceutical sciences http://www.ejbps.com ISSN 2349-8870 Volume: 2 Issue: 3 1322-1327 Year: 2015 EFFICACY EVALUATION OF KOHKIN HERBAL GEL IN TREATMENT OF SUB CLINICAL MASTITIS IN CATTLE Dogra M 1, Adarsh 2*, Shivi Maini 2 and K. Ravikanth 2 1 Veterinary Officer, Veterinary Hospital, Baddi, H.P., India. 2 Clinical Research and Development, Ayurvet Limited, Baddi, H.P., India. Article Received on 08/05/2015 Article Revised on 30/05/2015 Article Accepted on 22/06/2015 *Correspondence for Author Adarsh Clinical Research and Development, Ayurvet Limited, Baddi, H.P., India. ABSTRACT The current study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of kohkin herbal gel (M/S Ayurvet Limited, India) in treating sub clinical mastitis. Out of 41 cows 20 cows were positive with MCMT and distributed among two groups each containing 20 animals. Untreated control group (Group T0) (n=20) was not given any treatment. Treatment Group animals, Group T1 (n=20) were treated with Kohkin herbal gel (applied gently to the cows udder twice daily after every milking for five consecutive days gently by massaging). Parameters like SCC, milk yield and milk fat percentage were recorded before and after the experiment and analysed statistically. Results revealed that SCC was significantly (p<0.05) decreased in Kohkin herbal gel treated group T1 in comparison to untreated control group T0. Milk yield and milk fat % was also improved 5 day after treatment and maintained there after. Restoration of these parameters towards normalcy after the treatment indicated that Kohkin herbal gel not only eliminates udder infection in sub clinical mastitis but also controls the mastitis by potentiating the udder immunity without any side effects. KEYWORDS: Kohkin herbal gel, SCC, milk yield, milk fat. INTRODUCTION Udder is a productive organ of dairy animals; hence for better production it should be healthy. Because of its anatomical position are subject to out side influences and are prone to both inflammatory and non inflammatory conditions and mastitis is one of them. [1] Mastitis is the most common multifactorial disease in lactating cows. [2] Mastitis is one of the most www.ejbps.com 1322
reasons for heavy economic losses in dairy cows. [3] Mastitis has remarkably rising impact on Indian economy where overall losses due to mastitis is estimated to be Rs. 7165.51 crores. [4] Subclinical mastitis, the silent mastitis has no visible signs either in the udder or in the milk or the silent thief steals profits by reducing productivity, leading to spread of infection and increased physical and reproductive problems in the cow. [5,6] Various antibiotics-based intramammary infusions for both dry-cow therapy and treatment of mastitis are available. However, the increasing emergence of antibiotic resistant pathogens, [7] is further suspected to complicate the effectiveness of mastitis treatment. Both pre and post milking teat antiseptics are the most effective management strategy for preventing new intramammary infections in dairy cows. Teat disinfection after milking is one of the five plans of mastitis control by National Institute for Research into Dairying (NIRD). [8] WHO has also emphasized on the use of medicinal plants, so the objective of the trial was to assess efficacy of the Kohkin herbal Gel (M/S Ayurvet Limited, India) in reducing incidence of mastitis in healthy animals, sustenance of lactation & in improving milk yield. MATERIAL AND METHODS The bovine cases presented to the Veterinary Clinical Complex were incorporated in the present clinical trial. The cows were screened by performing Mastrip test and MCMT. In the present investigation among 41 cows screened out of which 20 cows recorded with sub clinical Mastitis (SCM). History pertaining to physiological status of an individual animal e.g age, milk yield per day, lactation no, lactation stage was collected and conducted detailed clinical examination. Moreover colour, consistency, odour, taste of milk and clinical manifestation if any, was also recorded. Cows with positive MCMT were selected and distributed among two groups each containing 20 animals (One Control group and one Treatment). Control group (Group T0) (n=20) was not given any treatment. Treatment Group animals, Group T1) (n=20) were treated with Kohkin herbal gel. Kohkin herbal gel was applied gently to the cows udder twice daily after every milking for five consecutive days by gentle massaging. Milk samples were collected before and after application of herbal preparations. The sampling was done at the milking time in the evening hours from all the four quarters of cow with hand milking, taking aseptic precautions. Somatic cell count is determined by the method described by Schalm et al [9] except staining, which is usually done as per the method described by Newlander and Atherton. [10] Therapeutic efficacy was determined on the basis of improvement in somatic cell count, milk yield and milk fat content. www.ejbps.com 1323
Statistical analysis The data from the study was pooled and subjected to suitable statistical analysis using Factorial Completely Randomized Design as described by Snedecor and Cochran. [11] RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Prevalence In the present investigation sub clinical Mastitis (SCM) was recorded in 20 cows among 41 screened cows, indicating overall prevalence rate was 48.78 %. Various researchers also proposed around 50% prevalence of SCM. Bansal et al., [12] reported 48.7 %, Tiwari et al., [13] reported 53.54 % incidence rates of sub-clinical mastitis. SCC The most common inflammatory indicator used to diagnose SCM is the milk somatic cell count. During mastitis, leukocytes (particularly neutrophils) are recruited in large numbers to the udder and milk to combat the insult, resulting in increased milk SCC. [14] Hand et al. [15] reported that with increase in SCC due to SCM a significant milk production losses associated and other economic losses includes increase in treatment cost and culling. Somatic cell count of affected quarters was higher than threshold of 3,50,000 cells/ ml of milk and were identified to be affected with sub-clinical mastitis. [16] The average values of somatic cell count (x10 5 ) in different groups on day 0, post treatment day 5 and post treatment on day 10 are presented in Table 1. In untreated control group T0 the SCC (x10 5 ) on day 0 was 6.01, in absence of any treatment it increased to 6.69 on day 5 th and 7.16 on day 10 th. Whereas in Kohkin herbal gel treated group T1 the SCC (x10 5 ) on day 0 was 6.01. The SCC was significantly (p<0.05) reduced to 3.21 on day 5 th after Kohkin herbal gel treatment which further reduced to 2.89 on day10 th. No side effects of treatment were observed after the therapy. This means Kohkin herbal gel by potentiating the udder immunity, not only eliminates udder infection in sub clinical mastitis but also control the mastitis without any side effects. Table 1: Mean Somatic Cell Count (X10 5 cells/ml) in different Groups of Sub Clinical Mastitis affected animals at different time intervals Group Day 0 Day 5 Day 10 T0 6.01 ± 4.03 a 6.69 ± 3.52 a 7.16 ± 0.32 a T1 6.01 ± 4.62 a 3.21 ± 1.93 c 2.89 ± 0.83 c Means with different superscripts differ significantly (P<0.05) www.ejbps.com 1324
Milk Yield The major economic losses due to subclinical mastitis have been attributed to the loss of milk yield. Tesfaye et al., [17] reported that based on the prevalence due to milk yield losses, the overall financial loss for each cow per lactation was $78.65 (US) and losses in large farms ($150.35) were over 3.5 times the loss in small-size farms. The average Milk Yield of both groups on day 0, post treatment day 5 and post treatment on day 10 are presented in Table 2. In untreated control group T0, the mean milk yield (lit/day) was 9.1 on day 0 and was reduced to 9 on day 5 th, 8.95 on day 10 th. In Kohkin herbal gel treated group T1 the milk yield (lit/day) after 5 th day of treatment increased to 9.5 from 9.3 on day 0 before treatment. On 10 th day post treatment the improvement in milk yield (9.6) trend continued. Table 2: Mean Milk Yield (lit/day) in different Groups of Sub Clinical Mastitis affected animals at different time intervals. Group Day 0 Day 5 Day 10 T0 9.1 ± 1.57 a 9.0 ± 2.05 b 8.95 ± 1.38 b T1 9.3 ± 0.36 a 9.5 ± 1.07 a 9.6 ± 0.30 a Means with different superscripts differ significantly (P<0.05) Milk Fat (%) Subclinical mastitis is one of the main causes of alteration in milk content and has a major impact on both animal welfare and economy in the dairy industry. [18] Increased SCC is associated with reductions in casein, milk fat, and lactose; increased enzymatic activity; and reduced quality and yield of dairy products. [19] The percentage Milk fat in milk samples of both groups on day 0, post treatment day 5 and post treatment on day 10 are presented in Table 3. The mean milk fat (%) was decreased in untreated control group T0 from day 0 (3.1) to day 5 th and day 10 th (3). However the mean milk fat (%) on day 0 in Kohkin herbal gel treated group T1 was 3.1% which was increased to 3.3% on day 10 th after the treatment. On 5 th day after treatment the fat content in group T1 remained maintained at level of 3.1% in comparison to untreated control group T0 in which decreasing trend was observed (3%). It can be augmented from the results that the Kohkin herbal gel repaired the mammary glands, firmness and normalize udder functioning with improved milk quality. www.ejbps.com 1325
Table 3: Mean Milk Fat content (%) in different Groups of Sub Clinical Mastitis affected animals at different time intervals. Group Day 0 Day 5 Day 10 T0 3.1 ± 0.62 a 3.0 ± 1.14 b 3.0 ± 0.59 c T1 3.1 ± 0.07 a 3.1 ± 0.04 a 3.3 ± 0.74 a Means with different superscripts differ significantly (P<0.05) CONCLUSION Clinical experience and evidences found that, the overall cure rate and prophylactic efficacy by Kohkin herbal gel was good. Kohkin herbal gel ingredient herbs efficiently improved the udder immunity and milk production. Application of Kohkin herbal gel may be recommended for treatment and control of sub clinical Mastitis in bovines. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors are thankful to Ayurvet Limited, Baddi, India and Veterinary hospital, Baddi for providing the required facilities, guidance and support. REFERENCES 1. Sudhan NA, Sharma N. Mastitis-An Important Production Disease of Dairy Animals. In: SMVS Dairy Year Book, 2010; 72-88. 2. Halasa T, Huijps K, Osteras O, Hogeveen H. Economic effects of bovine mastitis and mastitis management. A review Vet Q, 2007; 29: 18-31 3. Minst K, Martlbauer E, Miller T, Meyer C. Streptococcus species isolated from mastitis milk samples in Germany and their resistance to antimicrobial agents. J Dairy Sci, 2012; 12: 6957-62. 4. Bansal BK, Gupta DK. Economic analysis of bovine mastitis in India and Punjab A review. Indian J Dairy Sci, 2009; 67: 337-45 5. Kasozi KI, Tingiira JB, Vudriko P. High prevalence of subclinical mastitis and multidrug resistant staphylococcus aureus are a threat to dairy cattle production in kiboga district (Uganda). Open J VetMedi, 2014; 4(4): 35-43. 6. Khan MZ, Khan A. Basic Facts of Mastitis In Dairy Animals: A Review. Pakistan Vet J, 2006; 26: 204-8. 7. Nakavuma J, Byarugaba DK, Musisi LN, Kitimbo FX. Microbiological Diagnosis and Drug Resistance Patterns of Infectious Causes of Mastitis. Uganda Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 1994; 2: 22-8. www.ejbps.com 1326
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