Российско-китайский семинар «Исследование и охрана амфибий и рептилий Евразии: результаты и перспективы сотрудничества» The Sino-Russian Seminar «Study and Conservation of Eurasian Amphibians and Reptiles: results and plans of cooperation» Зоологический институт Российской Академии наук Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences Институт биологии Ченгду, Китайская Академия наук Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Семинар организован при финансовой поддержке Российского Фонда Фундаментальных Исследований (РФФИ) и Государственного Фонда Естественных Наук Китая (ГФЕН) (РФФИ 09-04-92851-ГФЕН_г) Supported by Russian Foundation of Basic Research (RFBR) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 29 июля-3 августа, 2009 Санкт-Петербург, Россия 29 July-3 August, 2009 St.Petersburg, Russia 1
Organizing Committee: Chairman: Prof. Dr. Natalia ANANJEVA, Vice-Director, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences. Members of Organizing Committee: Igor DANILOV, Larissa IOHANSSEN, Roman KHALIKOV, Daniel MELNIKOV, Konstantin MILTO, Ekaterina PETROVA. 2
Progress and harmonization in reptile database in Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences 1 Natalia B. AN AN J EVA, 1 Larissa IOHANSSEN and Yevgeny GOLYNSKY 1 Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Emb. 1, 199034 St Petersburg, Russia; e-mail: azemiops@zin.ru There are about 25 000 catalogue numbers and about 80 000 museum specimens stored in collection of Department of Herpetology, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences. The data base in Access program and mapping using the IUCN SSC Data Entry Module (SIS-DEM) as well as corresponding distribution maps provided as ArcView shapefiles and species form of SSC/IUCN are used to organize information for Global Reptile Assessment. These data were submitted for reassessment of data on the Caucasian amphibians and reptiles (IUCN Reptile and Amphibian Conservation Workshop, Antalya, Turkey: 22 nd -26 th September, 2008). Genome size and allozyme variation in Eurasian gray toads (Bufo bufo complex) 1 Borkin L.J., 2 Litvinchuk S.N., 2 Rosanov J.M. and 1 Milto K.D. Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya emb. 1, 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia; e-mail: iacerta@zin.ru 2 Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky pr. 4,194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; e-mail: slitvinchuk@yahoo.com The genome size in 389 specimens from 97 samples of B. bufo, B. eichwaldi, B. gargarizans and B. verrucosissimus was studied. The nuclear DNA variation in the Far Eastern B. gargarizans ranged from 10.68 to 12.89 pg (Table 1), and in three species of the West Palearctic from 12.92 to 14.09 pg (Litvinchuk et al., 2008). Among B. gargarizans samples, four geographic groups with different nuclear DNA content can be recognized. These were: a) a Chinese sample from Huangshan, Anhui Province with 13
lower genome size (10.68-11.03 pg); b) toads from Russian Far East (intermediate values: 11.07-11.49 pg), and two Sichuan toad samples which were characterized by the largest nuclear DNA contents: c) from foothills of Quingcheng Mt. (11.88-12.15 pg), and d) from Omei Mt., approximately 500 m above sea level (12.89 pg). Table 1. Localities, sample size (/?), genome size (pg) and the coefficient of variation (CV} in percent) for 11 samples of Bufo gargarizans of China and Russian Far East Locality n Mean ± SD Range cv Omei Mt. (Sichuan Province, China) 1 12.89 - - Quingcheng Mt. (Sichuan Province, China) 4 11.99 ±0.13 11.88-12.15 1.1 Huangshan (Anhui Province, China) 7 10.89 ± 0.12 10.68-11.03 1.1 Khasan (Primorsky Territory, Russia) 1 11.36 - - Kravtsovka (Primorsky Territory, Russia) 1 11.31 - - Vladivostok (Primorsky Territory, Russia) 2 11.20 ± 0.00 11.20-11.20 - Krym (Primorsky Territory, Russia) 4 11.28 ± 0.03 11.25-11.32 0.3 Bonevurovka (Primorsky Territory, Russia) 21 11.27 ± 0.09 11.17-11.49 0.8 Khabarovsk (Khabarovsk Territory, Russia) 1 11.17 - - Sokol (Sakhalin Island, Russia) 1 11.20 - - Slepkovskogo cape (Sakhalin Island, Russia) 3 11.13 ±0.05 11.07-11.17 0.5 11.30 ± 10.68 - Total (for the species) 32 0.37 12.89 3.3 Twenty one presumptive loci were examined with use of vertical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in 191 specimens of four species. Three West Palearctic species {B. bufo, B. verrucosissimus and B. eichwaldi) formed a joint cluster which was separated from another phylogenetic lineage containing the Far Eastern B. gargarizans. The genetic distances (Nei, 1978) between B. gargarizans and West Palearctic species under the study reached the highest values, ranging from 0.73 to 1.17. Within B. gargarizans, a Sichuan sample (Quingcheng Mt.) differed from Russian ones by two diagnostic loci {Hem, ssod, and Prot-1), with average distance equal to 0.168 ± 0.010 (range 0.158-0.180). Previously, based on multivariate analyses applied to geographic variation of 40 morphometric characters in 43 samples, Matsui (1986) described B. gargarizans popei from Fujian and Sichuan Provinces. Moreover, he recognized B. andrewsischmidt, 1925 and B. minshanicus Stejneger, 1926 (both from western China) as two distinct species. 14
Later, allozyme data demonstrated deep genetic differentiation between B. g. gargarizans and B. g. miyakonis from Ryu Kyu Islands (Nishioka et al., 1990), as well as between Chinese and South Korean populations of B. g. gargarizans (Yang et al., 2000). However, according to mitochondrial DNA data (Macey et al., 1998; Liu et al., 2000; Fu et al., 2005; Igava et al., 2006), Chinese B, gargarizans\$ a taxon with lacking of obvious geographic structuring. Also, mitochondrial DNA and allozyme data supported the synonymy of B. andrewsi and B, minshanicus with B. gargarizans (Fu et a I., 2005). Recently, Hu with coauthors (2007) found quite obvious differences between the northernmost population of B. g. gargarizans from Heilongjiang Province, bordered with Russian Far East, and other samples. Thus, the literature data provide very complicated and conflicting picture. According to our allozyme data, B. gargarizans from Quingcheng Mt., Sichuan, and from Russian Far East showed certain genetic differences (mean = 0.168). Moreover, genome sizes in the both geographic groups taken from the species range periphery were not overlapped (11.88-12.15 vs. 11.07-11.49 pg; mean difference = 6.2 %). Additionally, the Quingcheng B. gargarizans has wider and larger head in comparison with Russian toads. We suggest that these groups seem to belong to different subspecies. Taxonomic status of other toad samples from the west (Omei Mt., Sichuan) and of the east (Huangshan, Anhui) of China is still unclear. The clarification of taxonomic position and nomenclature as well as evolutionary relationships between gray toads inhabiting various parts of Eastern Asia needs further comprehensive studies based on good sampling. Special attention should be paid to gray toads of western China. The study was supported by the grants of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Nos. 08-04-01184 and 09-04-10098). 15