Antimicrobial Use and Antimicrobial Resistance in Relation to the Canadian Pork Sector Presented by Jorge Correa Pork Committee Banff May 2013 Part of the Slides were extracted from a Paul Dick presentation in May 2013 at the Pork Value Chain Round Table meeting
Overview of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and Human Health Concerns Resistant bacterial infections are associated with increased morbidity, greater risk of complications, and higher mortality rates and therefore pose a considerable health and economic burden Health risks associated with AMR arising from the livestock industry Antimicrobial-resistant food-borne infections (e.g. Salmonella, Campylobacter, E. coli) New multi-resistance strains of bacteria not previously thought to be foodrelated (e.g. MRSA) Spread of resistance genes
Swine Product Use Data Antimicrobials are used in pork production for growth promotion, prophylaxis and therapeutic indications. Antimicrobials are administered in animal feed (79%), injection (61%) and by water (28%) in pig herds (CIPARS Farm Surveillance 2008). The most commonly used antimicrobials belong to Categories II or III (macrolides, lincosamides, penicillins, and tetracyclines) which are considered of high or medium importance to human health. I. Very High Importance (e.g., 3 rd gen.cephalosporins), II. High Importance (e.g., macrolides) III. Medium Importance (e.g., tetracyclines) IV. Low Importance (e.g., ionophores) Categories I, II and III are considered as Medically important antimicrobials 21% of pig herds using ceftiofur, a 3 rd generation cephalosporin considered to be of very high importance to human health (CIPARS 2008).
Swine Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) Current Status/Conclusions Bacterial isolates in monitored species identified from pigs and pork show resistance to multiple antimicrobials, however, resistance to Category I antimicrobials is low. There are minimal interprovincial differences in AMR AMR bacteria identified in retail pork documented by CIPARS has remained relatively stable (in contrast to poultry) Proactive steps useful to mitigate the potential for an AMR crisis and to ensure public confidence in pork products
Health Canada s Intended Approaches to AMR 1) Establish and maintain an open communication with federal and provincial partners as well as key stakeholders 2) Re-evaluation of antimicrobial drugs approved before the implementation of the microbiological safety requirements focus on Category I antimicrobials 3) Gradual phasing out of growth promotion claims of veterinary antimicrobials belonging to medically important classes (Categories II and III) 4) Reconsideration of the schedule F status of some of the over the counter drug (schedule F to the Fod and Drug Regulations is a listing of chemical entities or classes of drugs which, with exceptions, are required by regulation to be sold under prescription. 5) Veterinary Drug Directorate is in the process of drafting a policy document for minimizing AMR from use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine and animal food production
Antimicrobial Resistance Next Step Recommendations and Leadership A.Research and Development Opportunities B.Regulatory Opportunities C.Prudent Use and Product Stewardship D.Development of a One Health Environmental and Food Intervention Strategy E.Development of a Augmented Swine/ Pork Communication Strategy
AMI position AMI supports the prudent and judicious use of antibiotics in food animal production, as defined by the American Veterinary Medical Association, which is consistent with protecting both animal and public health, ensuring the ability to medically treat animals, and maintaining the highest standard of animal welfare practices. AMI opposes legislative or administrative actions that would ban the use of antibiotics for the treatment, control, or prevention of animal diseases or that would restrict medical decisions by veterinarians to treat animals. AMI supports and will work with FDA on the stakeholder process to achieve its animal health goals of veterinary oversight and elimination of growth uses for medically important compounds. AMI supports ongoing and future research for therapeutic options and further understanding how resistance is developed and transmitted among humans, animals, and other living organisms. AMI will work with producer groups, allied stakeholders, pharmaceutical companies, and animal health professionals to achieve these objectives.
Poultry industry steps on AMR The poultry industry has collaborated and drafted a white paper in which there are 12 recommendations on how the industry as a whole can quantify and then reduce use of antibiotics in poultry production. The first recommendation being to establish a baseline of use in the broiler supply chain which was completed in the fall of 2102. The turkey industry is now looking into a similar usage baseline survey. The Canadian Hatchery Federation, a division of CPEPC, has conducted their own usage survey in Canadian hatcheries and developed some responsible use guidelines for their sector. Chicken Farmers of Canada have developed two communication brochures, one designed for government with a little more detail and a short version for the general public. They outline the recent actions taken by industry. Two industry committees have been established: one is a scientific committee that will work with the scientists at CIPARS and exchange industry news and preliminary findings in advance of the release of CIPARS reports. The second committee is focused on putting the recommendations from the while paper in motion. The industry is now focusing their efforts on eliminating the use of Category 1 antibiotics throughout the supply chain, within established time lines. This effort requires a great deal of collaboration amongst the stakeholders.
CMC Pork committee position and actions?? Working group with the Canadian Pork Council and Animal Nutrition Association of Canada to follow steps made by the poultry industry