This article was downloaded by: [Erzincan Universitesi ] On: 31 May 2012, At: 03:29 Publisher: Taylor & Francis Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House, 37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK International Journal of Acarology Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/taca20 The first Paratydeidae (Trombidiformes: Paratydeoidea) in Turkey: Scolotydaeus anatolicus sp. nov. Güldem Dönel a, Owen D. Seeman b & Salíh Doğan c a Department of Science Education, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey b Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, 4101, Australia c Department of Biology, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey Available online: 31 May 2012 To cite this article: Güldem Dönel, Owen D. Seeman & Salíh Doğan (2012): The first Paratydeidae (Trombidiformes: Paratydeoidea) in Turkey: Scolotydaeus anatolicus sp. nov., International Journal of Acarology, 38:5, 436-444 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2012.669527 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material.
International Journal of Acarology Vol. 38, No. 5, June 2012, 436 444 The first Paratydeidae (Trombidiformes: Paratydeoidea) in Turkey: Scolotydaeus anatolicus sp. nov. Güldem Dönel a, Owen D. Seeman b and Salíh Doğan c a Department of Science Education, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey (email: guldem-donel80@hotmail.com); b Queensland Museum, South Brisbane 4101, Australia (email: owen.seeman@qm.qld.gov.au); c Department of Biology, Erzincan University, Erzincan, Turkey (email: salihdogan@erzincan.edu.tr) (Received 1 December 2011; accepted 21 February 2012) Downloaded by [Erzincan Universitesi ] at 03:29 31 May 2012 A new species, Scolotydaeus anatolicus sp. nov., collected from a bird s nest and the decayed bark of a tree, is described and illustrated. This is the first time that the family Paratydeidae has been recorded from Turkey. The morphological development of life stages is reviewed and a larva, protonymph, deutonymph, tritonymph and adult life stage are likely present in all species. Accordingly, previous descriptions are reviewed and their probable life stage is reported. A key to the species of Scolotydaeus is also provided. Keywords: Anystina; chaetotaxy; new species; development Introduction Paratydeids probably represent an early derivative group of Anystina that have adapted to an edaphic lifestyle through elongation of the body and the loss or reduction of various sensory structures that would be of little use in the narrow channels of soil pores (Seeman and Walter 1999). Their placement in the Anystina is tentative, but is based on their sickle-like cheliceral digits set into unfused bases, post-cheliceral stigmata and peritremes and paired bothridial organs (Walter et al. 2009). Although they lack the thumb claw that is present in all other Anystina, they bear a resemblance to Stigmocheylidae which do possess a thumb claw and together they form the Paratydeoidea (Bochkov 2008; Walter et al. 2009). This family contains seven genera, Hexatydeus Soliman, Neotydeus Baker, Paratydeus Baker, Sacotydeus Theron, Meyer & Ryke, Scolotydaeus Berlese, Tanytydeus Theron, Meyer & Ryke, Walytydeus Kuznetsov, and 13 species (Kuznetsov 1973; Seeman and Walter 1999). Delfinado and Baker (1974) synonymized Neotydeus with Scolotydaeus, but Seeman and Walter (1999) considered this to be an error and reported Neotydeus as a valid genus. Scolotydaeus comprises three species, namely, Scolotydaeus bacillus Berlese, 1910; Scolotydaeus corticicola Flechtmann, 1992; and Scolotydaeus simplex Delfinado & Baker, 1974. Paratydeid mites have been reported from Brazil, Egypt, South Africa, United States and Australia (Berlese 1910; Baker 1949, 1950; Theron et al. 1969; Delfinado and Baker 1974; Soliman 1974; Flechtmann 1992; Kandeel 1992; Kandeel and Hoda 1984; Seeman and Walter 1999). Herein we describe a new species based on specimens collected from a bird s nest and decayed bark. This is the first record from Turkey (Özkan et al. 1988, 1994; Erman et al. 2007). Materials and methods Methods used for collection, extraction, material preservation, preparation and initial drawings of the specimens follow Doğan (2006). The specimens were subsequently remounted in Hoyer s medium after clearing in Nesbitt s solution and measured with the aid of a Nikon Eclipse 80i microscope (Nikon Instruments Inc., Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan) equipped with differential interference contrast and a drawing tube. Drawings of the adult female and tritonymphal legs were prepared with this equipment. Body setal designations follow Kethley (1990) and Judson (1995) and leg setation follows Bochkov (2008). All measurements are given in micrometres (µm). Measurements of the holotype female are given first, followed in parentheses by those of the paratype female; unattainable measurements are designated with a ; measurements for the tritonymph are ranges. Results Family Paratydeidae Baker, 1949 Type species Paratydeus alexanderi Baker, 1949 Diagnosis Elongate body form; reduction of prodorsal shield, prodorsum with one pair of trichobothria (sci) and two pairs of setae (ve, sce); eyes present or absent; anal and genital shields separated, narrowly or widely; hysterosoma with c 1 3, d 1, e 1, f 1 2, h 1 2, ps 1 3, ad 1 3 ; adult female with 4 10 pairs of g and 4 6 pairs of ag; adult male with nine pairs of g and six pairs of ag; coxae I II well separated from III IV; palp with four segments, without tibial claw; rutella absent; legs without trichobothria (Kethley 1982, 1990; Seeman and Walter 1999). ISSN 0164-7954 print/issn 1945-3892 online 2012 Taylor & Francis; printed 31 May 2012 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01647954.2012.669527 http://www.tandfonline.com
Downloaded by [Erzincan Universitesi ] at 03:29 31 May 2012 Remarks The prodorsum of some species has two pairs of anterolateral peg-like setae. These can be overlooked and may be present in all Paratydeidae. Genus Scolotydaeus Berlese, 1910 Type species Scolotydaeus bacillus Berlese, 1910 Diagnosis Eyes present or absent; hysterosoma divided transversely into three or more sections, at least divided behind setal row c; prodorsal shield present, crista-like and weakly defined; genital and anal openings separate; solenidia on legs erect (Delfinado and Baker 1974; Seeman and Walter 1999). Scolotydaeus anatolicus sp. nov. (Figures 1 11) Diagnosis (adult female) Two pairs of eyes present, anterior pair much larger than posterior pair; setae f 2 and h 2 2 or 3 times longer than f 1 and h 1 ; genital region with eight pairs of genital setae, four pairs of aggenital setae; leg femora 8-3-3-3, genua 8(1)- 4(1)-1-2, tibiae 9(1)-5(1)-4(1)-3 and tarsi 16(2)-8(1)-5-5. Specimens examined Holotype female, 40 27 22 N, 37 02 55 E, 398 m, Erzurum, Uzunoluk, 16 May 2008, from decayed bark. Paratypes: one female, one tritonymph, same data as holotype. One tritonymph, 40 20 21 N, 37 30 30 E, 619 m, Tokat, Reşadiye, Mutluca, 8 April 2010, from bird s nest. The holotype and two paratype tritonymphs are deposited in the Acarological Collection in the Biology Department, Arts and Sciences Faculty, Erzincan University, Turkey. One paratype female is deposited in the Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Australia. Female (Figures 1 and 2; n = 2). Body elongate, 440 (450) long, 160 (175) wide. Dorsum. Idiosoma with dorso-sejugal furrow and transverse folds behind setae c and anterior of setae d. Integument finely striated longitudinally except for transverse section between h and ps setae. Propodosoma (Figure 1) bearing two pairs of eyes, anterior most obvious and 7 8 in diameter, posterior pair indistinct and 3 4 in diameter; one pair of sensory setae (sci) (bothridia), two pairs of anterolateral subcoxal setae (ep, epi, 2 3 long) and two pairs of slender setae (ve, sce). Crista-like prodorsal shield present, smooth, extends approximately 40 behind sci. Peritremes four-chambered from dorsal view, but terminal two chambers each divided into two chambers. Hysterosoma elongate with eight pairs of slender setae and two pairs of pores (im and ip). Length of setae as follows: ve 12 (15); sci 53 (51); sce 30 (22); c 1 14 (14); c 2 55 (51); d 1 International Journal of Acarology 437 15 (15); e 1 15 (15); f 1 16 (16); f 2 46 (44); h 1 23 (22); h 2 40 (37); ve ve 28 (28); sci sci 7(5);ve sci 16 (12); sci sce 28 (27); sce sce 53 (50); c 1 c 1 34 (43); c 2 c 2 104 (112); c 1 c 2 47 (35); d 1 d 1 31 (40); c 1 d 1 86 (80); e 1 e 1 41 ( ); d 1 e 1 60 (49); f 1 f 1 63 ( ); f 2 f 2 96 (83); e 1 f 1 59 (64); f 1 h 1 65 (63); f 1 h 2 70 (73); f 2 h 1 53 (55); f 2 h 2 44 (43); h 1 h 1 37 (36); h 2 h 2 99 (88); h 1 h 2 31 (31). Setae f 2 and h 2 with large barb. Venter. Ventral surface weakly striated. Setae c 3 18 (23) long, situated between coxae II and III. Pore ia anterolateral of setae c 2. Genital openings longitudinal, surrounded by eight pairs of genital setae (g 1 8 ), four pairs of aggenital setae (ag 1 4 ); three pairs of internal genital papillae, each with associated eugenital seta (Figure 4). Anal openings situated posteriorly, three pairs of euanal setae (ad 1 3 ), three pairs of paranal setae (ps 1 3 ); one pair of pores (ih) anterolateral to paranals. Legs. All tarsi with paired claws and small, claw-like empodium. Leg I 160 (140); leg II 85 (100); leg III 95 (90); leg IV 110 (110). Phaneres (number of solenidia in parentheses) on leg segments as follows: coxae 4-3-2-2 (including coxisternal setae), trochanters 0-1-1-0, femora 8-3-3-3, genua 8(1)-4(1)-1-2, tibiae 9(1)-5(1)-4(1)-3, tarsi 16(2)- 8(1)-5-5. Unguinal setae on tarsi II IV forked. Femora I and IV divided into a basi and telofemur. All solenidia erect. Chaetotaxy same as tritonymph. Gnathosoma. Palp 30 (30) long; four-segmented; tarsi with eight phaneres (five simple setae, two eupathidia and one solenidion), tibiae with three simple setae, femorogenua with two simple setae and trochanters without setae. Chelicerae 27 (32) long. Cheliceral bases not fused, movable digit hook-like; fixed digit reduced and with strong dorsal seta (Figure 1). Tritonymph (Figures 3 11; n = 2). Body elongate, 390 410 long, 130 140 wide. Dorsum (Figure 3). Body same as adult female. Length of setae as follows: ve 10; sci 46 50; sce 22 24; c 1 15 16; c 2 45 51; d 1 15 16; e 1 13 15; f 1 17 18; f 2 40; h 1 20 22; h 2 30 42; ve ve 29 33; sci sci 6 8; ve sci 15; sci sce 27 33; sce sce 46 57; c 1 c 1 46; c 2 c 2 114; c 1 c 2 37; d 1 d 1 39 43; c 1 d 1 81 95; e 1 e 1 52 55; d 1 e 1 41 43; f 1 f 1 40 42; f 2 f 2 90 97; e 1 f 1 50 51; f 1 h 1 47 49; f 1 h 2 62; f 2 h 1 40 45; f 2 h 2 35 39; h 1 h 1 34 40; h 2 h 2 88 96; h 1 h 2 30 41. Venter (Figure 4). Ventral surface same as adult female except: setae c 3 23 24 long; genital covers with four pairs of genital setae (g 1 4 ) and three pairs of genital papillae (posterior pair smaller); each with associated eugenital seta, three to four pairs of aggenital setae (ag 1 4 ) surround genital area. Legs. Same as adult female; chaetotaxy given in Figures 5 9. Leg I 135 140; leg II 93; leg III 98 108; leg IV 135 140.
438 G. Dönel et al. ep epl 50 Downloaded by [Erzincan Universitesi ] at 03:29 31 May 2012 sci sce ve Figure 1. Scolotydaeus anatolicus sp. nov., adult female prodorsum and chelicera (only left moveable digit shown). Gnathosoma (Figures 10 and 11). Same as adult female. Palp 30 34 long; chelicerae 35 40 long. Adult male and other immature stages. Unknown. Etymology Named after the region Anatolia where the mites were found. Key to species of Scolotydaeus (adult female) 1. Eyesabsent...S. simplex Eyespresent...2 2. Genital region with 10 pairs of genital setae; setae f 2 and h 2 less than twice the length of f 1 and h 1......S. bacillus Berlese Genital region with eight or nine pairs of genital setae; setae f 2 and h 2 more than twice the length of f 1 and h 1...3 3. Genital region with eight pairs of genital setae; phanere counts: femora 8-3-3-3; genua 8-4-1-2........S. anatolicus sp. nov. Genital region with nine pairs of genital setae; phanere counts: femora 6-3-2-3; genua 8-5-2-3......S. corticicola Flechtmann
International Journal of Acarology 439 50 Downloaded by [Erzincan Universitesi ] at 03:29 31 May 2012 Eugenital setae g 1 g2 ag 4 g 3 g 4 g 5 g 6 g 7 g 8 ag 3 ag 2 ag 1 h 2 ad 3 ps 3 ps 2 ad2 ad 1 Figure 2. Scolotydaeus anatolicus sp. nov., adult female ventral opisthosoma.
440 G. Dönel et al. 3 4 ep epl sci ve sce ia c 3 Downloaded by [Erzincan Universitesi ] at 03:29 31 May 2012 d 1 e 1 c 1 im c 2 A,B ag 1 g 1 ag 2 g 2 g 3 ag 3 g 4 ag 4 ip f 1 f 2 ih h 2 ad 3 ps 3 h 1 100 µm ps 2 A ps 1 B ad 2 ad 1 Figures 3 4. Scolotydaeus anatolicus sp. nov., tritonymph 3. dorsal view of idiosoma; 4. ventral view of idiosoma.
Downloaded by [Erzincan Universitesi ] at 03:29 31 May 2012 International Journal of Acarology 441 Figures 5 7. Scolotydaeus anatolicus sp. nov., tritonymph 5. leg I; 6. leg II; 7. tarsus I.
Downloaded by [Erzincan Universitesi ] at 03:29 31 May 2012 442 G. Dönel et al. Figures 8 9. Scolotydaeus anatolicus sp. nov., tritonymph 8. leg III; 9. leg IV.
International Journal of Acarology 443 Downloaded by [Erzincan Universitesi ] at 03:29 31 May 2012 Figures 10 11. Scolotydaeus anatolicus sp. nov., tritonymph 10. subcapitulum; 11. palp. Table 1. Purported life stages of the species of Paratydeidae and their likely life stages. Species Pairs of genital papillae Pairs of genital setae Pairs of aggenital setae Purported life stage Likely life stage Hexatydeus aegypticus 2 2 3 Female DN (or TN a ) Hexatydeus amabilis 3 2 3 Female TN Neotydeus ardisannaeae 2 a 4 4 Female TN a Paratydeus alexanderi? 2 2 Female DN Sacotydeus lootsi 2 2 2 Female DN S. lootsi 1 1 1 PN PN Scolotydaeus anatolicus 3 7 8 5 Female Female S. anatolicus 3 4 4 TN TN Scolotydaeus bacillus? 10 6 Female Female Scolotydaeus corticicola 3 9 6 Female Female Scolotydaeus simplex? 4 6 Female Female b Tanytydeus cristatus 2 a 4 4 5 Female TN a T. cristatus 2 2 2 3 DN DN T. cristatus 1 1 0 PN PN T. cristatus 0 0 0 Larva Larva Tanytydeus neocristatus 2 2 3 Female DN Tanytydeus lamington 3 5 5 Female Female T. lamington 3 3 3 TN TN T. lamington 2 3 3 DN DN Tanytydeus kakadu 3 6 7 6 Female Female Walytydeus tauricus 3 6 4 Female Female Notes: DN, deutonymph; TN, tritonymph. a Third pair of papillae often hard to see, so assumed to be present but not drawn. b Female genitalia not explicitly described. Discussion A review of previously described species indicates that, as expected, each species has a larva, protonymph, deutonymph, tritonymph and adult stage (Table 1), with each life stage showing the typical progression of genital papillae. Each species also adds genital and aggenital setae, but this is variable between species. From the data in Table 1, a likely life stage progression for the Paratydeidae is as follows: Larva: 0 papillae, 0 1 pair of g, 0ag. Protonymph: 1 pair of papillae, 1 pair of g, 0 1 pair of ag.
Downloaded by [Erzincan Universitesi ] at 03:29 31 May 2012 444 G. Dönel et al. Deutonymph: 2 pairs of papillae, 2 pairs of g, 2 3 pairs of ag. Tritonymph: 3 pairs of papillae, 2 4 pairs of g, 3 4 pairs of ag (sometimes 9 ag expressed asymmetrically) Adult female: 3 pairs of papillae, 4 10 pairs of g, 4 6 pairs of ag. Adult male: 3 pairs of papillae, 9 pairs of g, 6 pairs of ag. The above developmental series may not split tritonymphs from adults perfectly (see S. simplex intable 1),but we propose that paratydeid tritonymphs have fewer than 10 pairs of g and ag and adult females have 10 or more pairs of g and ag. Development in the Paratydeidae is poorly understood so there are several instances of immature stages being described as adults, as suggested by Walter et al. (2009) (Table 1). For example, the type species, Paratydeus alexanderi, is almost certainly a deutonymph: Baker (1949) reported no genital papillae, but it seems likely that these have been overlooked. The female of Sacotydeus lootsi Theron, Meyer & Ryke, 1969, is also likely to be a deutonymph. The only seemingly complete series of life stages for the Paratydeidae exists for Tanytydeus cristatus Theron, Meyer & Ryke, yet a review of life stages (Table 1) indicates that the adult females for this species are tritonymphs. This confusion of life stages is reflected in the key of Seeman and Walter (1999): couplet (2) effectively asks whether the mite is a deutonymph or adult, whereas couplet (6) ineffectively splits deutonymphs from adults, leaving tritonymphs somewhere in between. Considering this confusion, it seems pertinent to avoid using the number of genital papillae and genital setae to define genera until the family is subjected to another revision, with examination of type specimens. Acknowledgements We thank Dr. Andre Bochkov, Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, for providing the reference and translation of Kuznetsov (1973). References Baker EW. 1949. 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Walter DE, Lindquist EE, Smith IM, Cook DR, Krantz GW. 2009. Order Trombidiformes. In: Krantz GW, Walter DE, editors. A manual of acarology. 3rd edn. Lubbock (TX): Texas University Press. p. 233 420.