Int. J. Agric.Sc & Vet.Med. 2013 Jyoti Dongre et al., 2013 Research Paper ISSN 2320-3730 www.ijasvm.com Vol. 1, No. 4, November 2013 2013 www.ijasvm.com. All Rights Reserved INCIDENCE OF CANINE DISTEMPER INFECTION IN AND AROUND MHOW REGION OF MADHYA PRADESH Jyoti Dongre 1*, H K Mehta 1 and Pawan Maheshwari 1 *Corresponding Author: Jyoti Dongre, gkripa999@rediffmail.com Haemorrhagic gastroenteritis is a commonly seen disease in all breed and age groups of dogs having multiple etiologies. In dogs, Canine Distemper (CD) infection results in gastrointestinal signs, and/or respiratory sign, frequently with central nervous system involvement (Apple, 1987). A total of 100 dogs were screened for incidence of CD infection diagnosed by standard ready kit, out of which 9 were found positive for canine distemper virus infection. Young dogs was more affected and contributed highest % (55.56) of all CDV diagnosed cases. Males were more prone for CDV infection than female. Non descript dogs were super represented in this study and contributed to 55.56% (5/9) of all CDV diagnosed cases. Keywords: Infection, Canine distemper, Standard ready kit INTRODUCTION Canine Distemper (CD) infection in dogs is major problem with the dog owner in India. It results in gastrointestinal signs, and/or respiratory sign, frequently with central nervous system involvement finely death (Apple, 1987). A total of 100 dogs were screened for incidence of CD infection diagnosed by standard ready kit, out of which 9 were found positive for canine distemper virus infection. Young dogs were more affected and contributed highest % (55.56) of all CDV diagnosed cases. Males were more prone for CDV infection than female. Non-descript dogs were more susceptible and contributed to 55.56% (5/9) of all CDV diagnosed cases. MATERIAL AND METHODS Location of Study The present investigation was carried out in the Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Mhow, (MP). Dogs coming to the Teaching Veterinary 1 Department of Veterinary Medicine, Collage of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Mhow, MP 453446, India. 69
Int. J. Agric.Sc & Vet.Med. 2013 Jyoti Dongre et al., 2013 Clinical Complex (TVCC) with the symptoms of HGE (Vomiting, bloody diarrhoea, dehydration, anorexia and pale mucous membrane) and gastrointestinal disturbances were included under the present investigation. Selection of Animals A total of 100 dogs were screened for incidence of CD infection diagnosed by standard ready kits* irrespective of age, sex and breed, showing the symptoms of HGE (Liang et al., 2008). The incidence was calculated as per formula given below: Percent Number of positive cases for CDV infection Total number of cases % 100 Incidence was calculated age wise, sex wise and breed wise. *Standard ready kits are virus antigen detection kits for Canine parvo, corona and canine distemper infection provided by Intas Pharmaceutical, Ahmedabad. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Out of these 100 faecal samples, 9 were found positive for canine distemper virus infection, thus indicating 9% incidence, respectively (Table 1). Age Wise Incidence The age wise incidence of CD infection was higher 5 (55.56%) in dogs of 0-6 months of age followed by 12-18 months of age 3 (33.33%) and low in dogs 1 (11.11%) ageing 6-12 months of Table 1: Incidence CD Infection in Dogs S. No. Dog Examined No. of Dogs +ve for CDV(%) 1. n = 100 9(9%) Note: Values in parenthesis indicate % incidence, n= number of dogs. Table 2: Incidence Age, Sex and Breed Wise CD Infection in Dogs Particulars n = 9 Age in Mmonths 0-6 5 (55.56%) age while, no dogs was found positive for CD infection above 18 months age (Table 2). Lack of maternal immunity and poor immunecompetancy for the acquired immunity at this age could be incriminated to be the cause of high incidence. These observations collaborate with Zafar et al. (1999). Sex Wise Incidence The incidence of CD infection was higher in male 5 (55.56%) than in female 4 (44.44%), suggesting that majority of males were more prone for CD infection infection than females. The finding of this investigation was in agreement with Latha et al. (2007) (Table 2). Breed Wise Incidence 6-12 1 (11.11%) 12-18 3 (33.33%) > 18 0 Sex Male 5 (55.56%) Female 4 (44.44%) Breed German Shepherd 1 (11.11%) Labrador 2 (22.22%) Pomeranian 1 (11.11%) Great Dane 0 Non Descript 5 (55.56%) Note: Values in parenthesis indicate % incidence, n= number of dogs. Breed wise incidence of CD infection was higher in non descript breed 5 (55.56%) followed by Labrador 2 (22.22%), and lowest in German shepherd 1 (11.11%), Pomeranian 1 (11.11%), but, no dog was found positive for CD infection in 70
Int. J. Agric.Sc & Vet.Med. 2013 Jyoti Dongre et al., 2013 Great Dane breed. Similar observations were noted by Headley and Graca (2000) The reason for high incidence in German shepherd and Labrador could be attributed to the relatively large population of these breeds in and around city. REFERENCES 1. Apple M (1987), Canine Distemper Virus, in M J G Appel (Ed.), Virus Infections of Canines, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam Netherlands. 2. Headley S A and Graca D L (2000), Canine Distemper: Epidemiological Findings of 250 Cases, J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci., Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 56-58. 3. Latha D, Srinivasan S R, Thirunavukkarasu P S, Gunaselan L, Ramdas P and Narayanan R B (2007), Assessment of Canine Distemper Virus Infection in Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Dogs, Indian J. Biotech., Vol. 6, pp. 33-40. 4. Liang C T, Chueh L L, Lee K H, Huang H S, Uema M, Watanabe A, Miura R, Kai C, Liang S C, Yu C K and Liu C H (2008), Phylogenetic Analysis and Isolation of Canine Distemper Viruses in Taiwan, Taiwan Vet. J., Vol. 34, No. 4, pp. 198-210. 5. Zafa, M S, Khan S A and Rabbani A (1999), Haematological Studies and Estimation of Electrolytes in Dogs Exhibiting Diarrhoeal Signs, Pakistan Vet. J., Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 35-39. 71