iii Nanotechnology for Animal Health and Production Edited by Sudhi Ranjan Garg Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar 125 004, India 2014 Daya Publishing House A Division of Astral International Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi - 110 002
vii Preface Nanotechnology encompasses new enabling technologies that allow the scientists to work at the atomic, molecular and supramolecular levels and thus to create and manipulate tools, materials and functional structures having nanometer dimensions. At nanoscale, the physical, chemical and biological properties of materials are quite different from those of the corresponding bulk materials. Nanomaterials have special properties like greater penetrability, reactivity, surface area, and quantum properties due to their size. The use of less material together with more efficient reactions when working with nanomaterials helps in evolving nanotools capable of functioning more proficiently while dealing with the nanostructures. Nanotechnology is an exciting and rapidly emerging technology that is permeating to different disciplines including molecular and cellular biology that has revolutionized the science and engineering with great benefits to the society. Understanding and manipulating nanobiosystems is among the most exciting and challenging areas of nanotechnology. Integration of nanoscience and nanotechnology with biotechnology has given rise to nanobiotechnology and has led to the emergence of great opportunities in biology and medicine. Human medicine has seen the development of a host of revolutionizing technologies, particularly in the fields of imaging and drug delivery. Targeted delivery of therapeutic agents, vaccine development and novel diagnostic methods have attracted the primary focus of the scientists leading to the development of effective and validated nanoparticles and marketable products. The developments in human medicine are expeditiously extending to veterinary medicine because of the similar guiding principles and close linkages between these two disciplines of medicine. Nanotechnology thus has a great potential to revolutionize veterinary medicine, animal production systems and food security. The areas of particular interest concerning livestock health and production include disease diagnosis, targeted drug delivery systems, vaccine delivery, nutrient uptake and utilization, animal genetics and breeding, food safety and many more. Substantial research has been carried out on the application of nanotechnology in these areas. However, the nanotechnology-associated concerns about the food safety and health as well as social and ethical issues need to be resolved to integrate these enabling technologies in animal health and production systems.
viii In the rapidly changing scenario of the global scientific developments, it is important that these newer enabling technologies form a part of the curriculum of veterinary sciences. This book presents an understanding of the concept, current status and future potential of nanotechnology in veterinary sciences. Renowned academicians from different prestigious institutions in India and abroad have contributed elaborate and illustrated chapters in the book. While thanking them all for their painstaking efforts, I am confident that the book will be a rich resource for the students, teachers, researchers, academicians, planners and all those having stake in animal health and production activities. Sudhi Ranjan Garg
ix List of Contributors A. Sahoo Division of Animal Nutrition, Central Sheep Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar- 304501 A. Samad Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur-440 001 Aman Kumar Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125004 Anilkumar S. Bannalikar Bombay Veterinary College, Mumbai-400012 Apratim Maity Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science & Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar- 751003 Azmi Sultana Department of Pharmaceutics, Al-Ameen College of Pharmacy, Bangalore-560027 B. Sahoo Division of Temperate Animal Husbandry, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar-263138 Bhupinder Singh Sekhon PCTE Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ludhiana-142021 Chander Amgoth School of Engineering Sciences and Technology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad- 500046
Debabrata Mahapatra Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, 6610 Amarillo Blvd West, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA Dinesh Kumar National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad-500037 Georgi Yordanov Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia, Bulgaria Himadri Medhi School of Engineering Sciences and Technology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad- 500046 Iliana A. Ivanova Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Sofia Saint Kliment Ohridski, Sofia, Bulgaria K. Nanjappan Department of Veterinary Physiology, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal-637002 Koushi Kumar School of Engineering Sciences and Technology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad- 500046 Kunal Sangwan Department of Animal Biotechnology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125004 M. K. Rose Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125004 M. L. Sangwan Department of Animal Biotechnology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125004 Maheshkumar P. Soni Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai-400019 Manoj D. Kakwani Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai-400019 x
Mariam S. Degani Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai-400019 Meenakshi Gupta Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Sciences, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125004 N. Vigneshwaran Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai-400019 Nalini Shastri National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad-500037 Naresh R. Kulkarni Bombay Veterinary College, Mumbai-400012 P. Visha Department of Veterinary Physiology, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal-637002 Padma V. Devarajan Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai-400019 Penka Vasileva Department of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia Saint Kliment Ohridski, Sofia, Bulgaria Pradip Paik School of Engineering Sciences and Technology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad- 500046 Prasad Satyamurthy Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai-400019 Prashant R. Suryawanshi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Agartala-799008 Praveen Singh Biophysics and Electron Microscopy Section, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243122 Praveen V. Date xi Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai-400019
Rajiv V. Gaikwad Bombay Veterinary College, Mumbai-400012 Richa Department of Animal Biotechnology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125004 S. Nandi Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243122 Sarasija Suresh Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Formulations), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Mohali-160062 Shantanu Tamuly Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati-781022 Sharmila B. Majee Bombay Veterinary College, Mumbai-400012 Sunayna Department of Animal Biotechnology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125004 V. P. Rana xii Department of Animal Biotechnology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125004
xiii Contents Preface List of Contributors 1. Veterinary Nanomedicine - An Emerging Frontier 1-36 Bhupinder Singh Sekhon 2. Preparation and Characterization of Nanoparticles 37-48 Shantanu Tamuly and Aman Kumar 3. Magnetic Nanoparticles for Detection, Imaging and 49-60 DeliveryApplications Praveen Singh 4. Targeted Nanomedicine Strategies for Livestock Infections 61-98 Padma V. Devarajan and Maheshkumar P. Soni 5. Polymeric Nanocapsules for Drug Delivery Applications 99-123 Chander Amgoth, Koushi Kumar, Himadri Medhi and Pradip Paik 6. Nanocarriers for Antibiotics 124-134 Georgi Yordanov 7. Nanoparticles and Nanostructures as Antibacterial Agents 135-156 Iliana A. Ivanova and Penka Vasileva 8. Targeted Drug Delivery Using Nanoparticles for Tuberculosis 157-172 Sharmila B. Majee, Prashant R. Suryawanshi, Naresh R. Kulkarni, Praveen V. Date, Manoj D. Kakwani, Rajiv V. Gaikwad, Anilkumar S. Bannalikar, Padma V. Devarajan, Mariam S. Degani and A. Samad 9. Applications of Nanotechnology in Vaccine Delivery 173-180 Sarasija Suresh and Azmi Sultana vii ix
xiv 10. Nanotechnology-Based Diagnostics for Infectious Diseases 181-198 S. Nandi 11. Nanotechnology in Animal Genetics, Genomics and Breeding 199-214 M. L. Sangwan, Kunal Sangwan, V. P. Rana, Sunayna and Richa 12. Nanotechnologies for Enhancing Animal Reproduction 215-224 and Fertility Apratim Maity 13. Nanotechnological Approaches for Oestrus Detection, 225-232 Synchronization and Fertility Improvement M. K. Rose and Meenakshi Gupta 14. Nanotechnology in Animal Nutrition and Feed Science 233-260 A. Sahoo and B. Sahoo 15. Nanominerals in Animal Production 261-286 P. Visha and K. Nanjappan 16. Nanotechnology in Food Production and Packaging 287-305 Dinesh Kumar and Nalini Shastri 17. Microbial Synthesis of Nano Crystalline Cellulose and its 306-316 Use in Packaging of Animal Products Prasad Satyamurthy and N. Vigneshwaran 18. Nanoparticle Toxicity 317-328 Debabrata Mahapatra Index