A Promising Copper(II) Complex as Antifungal and Antibiofilm Drug against Yeast Infection Fabiana Gomes da Silva Dantas 1, Adriana Araújo de Almeida-Apolonio 2, Renata Pires de Araújo 3, Lis Regiane Vizolli Favarin 4, Pamella Fukuda de Castilho 1, Fernanda de Oliveira Galvão 1, Terezinha Inez Estivalet Svidzinski 5, Gleison Antônio Casagrande 4, * and Kelly Mari Pires de Oliveira 1,6, * 1 Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS 7984-97, Brazil; fabianasilva@ufgd.edu.br (F.G.d.S.D.); pamellafcastilho@gmail.com (P.F.d.C.); feergalvao@hotmail.com (F.d.O.G.) 2 Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS 797-9, Brazil; aaraujo.a@hotmail.com (A.A.d.A.A) 3 Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS 7984-97, Brazil; renataaraujo@ufgd.edu.br (R.P.d.A) 4 Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS 7974-46, Brazil; lisregiane@hotmail.com (L.R.V.F) 5 Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR 872-9, Brazil; terezinha.svidzinski@gmail.com (T.I.E.S) 6 Faculty of Biological and Environmental Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS 7984-97, Brazil * Correspondence: gleisoncasag@gmail.com (G.A.C.); kellyoliveira@ufgd.edu.br (K.M.P.d.O.); Tel.: +55-67-3345-3595 (G.A.C.); +55-67-341-222 (K.M.P.d.O.) Received: 9 June 218; Accepted: 26 June 218; Published: date Molecules 218, 23, 1856; doi:1.339/molecules2381856 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules
Table S1. Anti-Candida activity of the complex 2 [CuCl2Bipy(L2)], free ligands (2-thiouracil and 6-methyl-2-thiouracil) and cooper(ii) chloride in planktonic cells by microdilution in broth technique (µg/ml). Isolate Source Complex 2 [CuCl2Bipy(L2)] 2-thiouracil 6-methyl-2- thiouracil CuCl2 FLC c AmB d MIC a MFC b MIC a MFC b MIC a MFC b MIC a MFC b C. albicans CA1 Sputum >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 1 1.5.5 C. albicans CA2 Sputum >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 1 1.25.25 C. albicans CA3 Vaginal >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 1 1.5.5 C. albicans CA4 Vaginal >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 1 1.5.5 C. albicans CA5 Vaginal >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 1 1.5.5 C. albicans CA6 Vaginal >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 1 1.5.5 C. albicans CA7 Nasal swab >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 1 1.25.5 C. albicans CA8 Urine >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 1 1.25.5 C. albicans CA9 Vaginal >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 1 1.25.5 C. albicans CA1 Vaginal >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 1 1.5.5 C. glabrata CG1 Urine >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 1 1 16 e.3 Molecules 218, 23, 1856; doi:1.339/molecules2381856 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules
Molecules 218, 23, 1856 2 of 11 C. glabrata CG2 Urine >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 1 1 1.3 C. glabrata CG3 Urine >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 1 1 16 e.5 C. glabrata CG4 Urine >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 1 1 1.3 C. glabrata CG5 Blood >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 1 1 32 e.3 C. glabrata CG6 Urine >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 1 1 16 e.5 C. krusei CK1 Rectal swab >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 1 1.5.3 C. parapsilosis CP1 Blood >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 1 1.25.25 C. parapsilosis CP2 Catheter tip >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 1 1.25.3 C. parapsilosis CP3 Urine >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 1 1.25.3 C. tropicalis CT1 Sputum >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 >1 1 1 2.5 a MIC: Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (µg/ml); b MFC: Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (µg/ml); c FLC: Fluconazole (µg/ml); AmB: d Amphotericin B (µg/ml); e Susceptible Dose-Dependent (SDD) (µg/ml).
Molecules 218, 23, 1856 3 of 11 Complex 1 Intens..5 157.759 26.27 375.667 lis-1_pos_1-46_1_9435.d: +MS,.4min #56. 2 1 Intens. 1 x1 4 4 2 4 2 6 Intens. 4 x1 4 2 2 2 1 1 237.76 237.75 Figure S1. ESI-HRMS spectrum of the complex 1. lis-1_pos_1-46_1_9435.d: +MS2(375.667), 35.eV,.4min #57 lis-1_pos_1-46_1_9435.d: +MS2(26.27), 35.eV,.4min #58 lis-1_pos_1-46_1_9435.d: +MS,.4min #56 375.667 2 3 4 5 377.659 376.694 6 7 378.682 8 9 1 11 m/z 376.2529 lis-1_pos_1-46_1_9435.d: +MS2(375.667), 35.eV,.4min #57 lis-1_pos_1-46_1_9435.d: +MS2(26.27), 35.eV,.4min #58 26.27 lis-1_pos_1-46_1_9435.d: +MS,.4min #56 372 3+ 374 262.255 376 261.293 263.267 264.64 378 38 382 m/z lis-1_pos_1-46_1_9435.d: +MS2(375.667), 35.eV,.4min #57 26.25 265.427 262.299 Zoom in 26.27 emphasis on the isotopic 263.281distribution of copper. 266.372 267.434 26.264 lis-1_pos_1-46_1_9435.d: +MS2(26.27), 35.eV,.4min #58 261.289 Full spectrum Zoom in 375.667 emphasis on the isotopic distribution of copper. 262.244 265.42 256 258 26 262 264 266 268 27 272 274 m/z 267.49
Molecules 218, 23, 1856 4 of 11 Complex 2 Intens..5 375.648 157.76 26.272 237.71 lis-2_pos_1-47_1_9437.d: +MS,.6min #62. 1..5. 1 237.66 237.62 Full spectrum lis-2_pos_1-47_1_9437.d: +MS2(26.272), 35.eV,.6min #63 lis-2_pos_1-47_1_9437.d: +MS2(237.71), 35.eV,.6min #64 5 Intens. x1 4 2 1 1..75.5 Intens..25.8. 8.6.4 6.2 4. 2 1 75 5 25 12.5 1. 7.5 5. 2.5. 154.616 lis-2_pos_1-47_1_9437.d: +MS,.6min #62 237.71 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 11 m/z Figure S2. ESI-HRMS spectrum of the complex 2. 237.66 Zoom in 237.71 emphasis on the isotopic distribution of copper. 237.62 238.11 238.82 239.65 239.61 24.133 lis-2_pos_1-47_1_9437.d: +MS2(26.272), 35.eV,.6min #63 lis-2_pos_1-47_1_9437.d: +MS,.6min #62 24.85 lis-2_pos_1-47_1_9437.d: +MS2(237.71), 35.eV,.6min #64 239.76 lis-2_pos_1-47_1_9437.d: +MS2(26.272), 35.eV,.6min #63 226 228 23 232 234 236 238 24 242 m/z 375.648 377.638 Zoom in 357.648 emphasis on the isotopic distribution of copper. lis-2_pos_1-47_1_9437.d: +MS2(237.71), 35.eV,.6min #64 34 35 36 37 38 39 m/z
Molecules 218, 23, 1856 5 of 11 Figure S3. Cuvettes containing the solutions of the complex 1 (light green) and ligand (colorless). Picture taken during the experiment. Complex 2 and respective ligand have been presented similar behavior.
Molecules 218, 23, 1856 6 of 11 Figure S4. UV-Vis absorption spectra of the complex 1 and respective ligand measured at 298 K. This experiment was performed 36 h after preparing the solutions.
Absorption (a.u) Absorption (a.u) Molecules 218, 23, 1856 7 of 11 55 6 65 7 75 8 Wavelength (nm) Complex (2) Ligand (2) 25 3 35 4 45 5 55 6 65 7 75 Wavelength (nm) Figure S5. UV-Vis absorption spectra of the complex 2 and respective ligand measured at 298 K. This experiment was performed 36 h after preparing the solutions.
Molecules 218, 23, 1856 8 of 11 Figure S6. Green solid of the Complex 1 obtained after filtration. Figure S7. Green solid of the Complex 2 obtained after filtration.
Molecules 218, 23, 1856 9 of 11 Possible Fragments of the complex 1
Molecules 218, 23, 1856 1 of 11 Possible fragments of the complex 2