英語 ( 工 経営情報 国際関係 人文 応用生物 生命健康科 現代教育学部 ) The puffin is a small species of seabird; there are four species of puffin in the world. Two of them, the Horned Puffin and the Tufted Puffin, live only in the North Pacific Ocean, in the area from the west coast of Canada to Japan. Another one is the Atlantic Puffin, the smallest, most abundant puffin in the world. It breeds on the coastlines of the North Atlantic Ocean, from Denmark in the east to Canada in the west, and from Norway all the way down to the Canary Islands and Spain in the south, but not in the North Pacific. The other species is the Rhinoceros Auklet, which ranges across the North Pacific. It is noticeably different from the other three species in outward appearance, which accounts for its misnaming. Atlantic Puffins (or simply puffins below) are pigeon-sized birds and look quite like penguins. Although puffins are smaller than penguins, they both have white bellies and black overcoats. Puffins have broad, flattened, triangular bills. Their bills are brightly colored, as the puffin s old name, sea parrot, implies. The bill of the puffin is more brightly colored during the warmer breeding season, while it becomes duller during the colder winter months. Their orange feet also change color in the same way; they fade to duller shades during winter and become brighter as the birds mature. Puffins are skillful swimmers and can swim as well as penguins. They use their wings to move through the water as if they were flying in the air. They steer with rudder-like webbed feet and can dive to depths of up to 60 meters for as long as two minutes at a time, although they usually stay underwater for only 30 seconds at most. Unlike penguins, puffins are swift flyers and are able to launch very quickly from both land and water. They can fly at a speed of about 90 kilometers per hour. They flap their wings rapidly to achieve this speed, reaching up to 400 beats a minute. The wings can move so fast that they become a blur, which makes flying puffins appear as if they were black and white soccer balls. Technically, puffins are omnivorous animals. However, they have a carnivorous diet that is largely comprised of small fish such as herring and sand eels. Their uniquely shaped bills are perfectly designed for carrying small fish because of the layers of spines that are found on the upper part of the bill and on their tongues. By carefully catching small fish in a 265
manner which arranges them along the entire length of their bills, puffins are able to continue fishing without losing any of the catch that they have already stored. They can often pick up as many as 30 fish before returning back to their nests to feed their hungry chicks. Their beaks have another function. By using their beaks like a shovel and their webbed feet to excavate unwanted soil, puffins are able to dig burrows into the ground. The burrows can be more than a meter deep and over two meters long, allowing parents to keep their valuable eggs or young safe from predators such as gulls. Such burrow nesting can be disadvantageous in years of high rainfallthe single egg or chick can be exposed to flooding. The female puffin lays a single egg that is incubated* by both parents until it hatches** up to six weeks later. The chick is looked after and fed by both parents until it becomes independent, leaving the nest at around two months old. *incubate: to keep eggs warm until the baby birds come out **hatch: to come out of an egg by breaking the shell The puffin species which does NOT live in the North Pacific is. the Rhinoceros Auklet the Horned Puffin the Atlantic Puffin the Tufted Puffin The Rhinoceros Auklet is different from the other three species of puffin in. how it looks where it breeds its numbers what it eats According to the passage, the black parts of a puffin are its. neck, back, and wings neck, back, and belly back, wings, and feet neck, feet, and wings The puffin was called the sea parrot because it. can speak like a parrot is a good swimmer is an skillful flyer has a colorful beak Puffins and penguins share the ability to. fly as if they were swimming move through the water easily flap their wings rapidly kick a soccer ball 266
Puffins can carry up to 30 small fish at a time because they. can arrange them in a line on their back can efficiently use their wings to carry them have bills which are ideally designed for holding them have special webbed feet for holding them As for the puffin s diet, it is said in paragraph 4 that puffins. can eat both plants and meat, but mainly eat meat can eat nothing but sand eels are vegetarians and eat plants in the sand eat chicks when they are hungry The puffin s nest is deep and long so that. it can stay deep under the ground stretching its wings its egg or chick can be kept safe from their enemies its egg or chick can be easily exposed to water it can hide its food under the ground The puffin s chick flies away from the nest about after its birth. two days two weeks six months sixty days The best title for this passage would be. A Comparison between Puffins and Penguins An Overview of the Atlantic Puffin The Diet of the Puffin Puffins: Nature s Soccer Balls 267
Our neighbor s dog is nine years old, but is older. our ours we us George told you, he? do does didn t doesn t Some kinds of plants are not easy to in Japan. grow be grown growing being grown My brother asked me I would like to go swimming with him. whether which that whose If you have a toothache, you d better make a dental as soon as possible. reservation booking appointment medication If I you, I would apologize quickly. will be would be be were The subject I m interested is chemistry. of at in on The committee faced a problem. challenged challenge challenges challenging The doctor told me drinking so much. to stop stop stopped stopping you ever been abroad? Do Have Are Did 268
Jane and Freddie are talking. Jane: Hey, what are you reading? Freddie: It s the new Raymond Le Carré novel. It s a really good book. Jane:? Freddie: It s a thriller. It s about a scientist who creates a deadly virus. He has the government and terrorists chasing him. Jane: Sounds cool. Freddie: You after I ve finished if you like. Jane: No thanks. I really don t have time to read novels. Freddie: You. Reading s good for you. Jane: Yeah, I know. But I m too tired in the evenings to read. If I open a book, I. Freddie: You wouldn t with this book. It s too exciting. what s it about was it too expensive can borrow it just fall asleep all over the world should make time can lend it in my house 269
Rika and Joe are talking about vacation. Rika: So, where do you think we should go this year? Joe: Well, we. Rika: Right, and that was great. So this year maybe we. Joe: That sounds good, but? Rika: I ve always wanted to visit the northern region. Joe: If we, the weather should be perfect. Rika: Next, we need to decide exactly. Joe: I say we start in Norway and then take it from there. which countries we should visit went to Canada last year which part should we go to need to save enough money should go somewhere in Europe can visit Hokkaido go in the summer which airline to use 270
I can t figure out how to use this DVD player. comply with understand exercise repair Susan and I met about a year ago, and we still keep in touch. have a look know each other maintain contact respond quickly Let s lay out the map and see where Albania is located. read out spread out draw into search My car broke down on my way to work this morning. stopped working continued working started suddenly moved immediately As for this sofa, there is nothing to do but throw it away. During Supporting Seeing Regarding 271
You re working. 1. did before 2. harder 3. ten times 4. than 5. you ever A-3 B-4 A-1 B-4 A-1 B-5 A-5 B-4 A-3 B-1 Please leave the room. 1. off 2. the lights 3. turn 4. when 5. you A-4 B-1 A-1 B-5 A-2 B-4 A-1 B-2 A-2 B-1 and eat with us? 1. come 2. don t 3. home 4. why 5. you A-5 B-2 A-2 B-1 A-2 B-4 A-1 B-5 A-5 B-3 272
We to Wellington. 1. about 2. are having 3. moving 4. second 5. thoughts A-3 B-4 A-2 B-1 A-4 B-5 A-4 B-2 A-4 B-1 within the next few hundred years. 1. be able to 2. cure 3. doctors 4. most diseases 5. will A-4 B-1 A-1 B-5 A-4 B-2 A-5 B-2 A-2 B-4 273