DAFTAR PUSTAKA Adorka, M.K.B., Mitonga, H.K., Allen, K., Lubbe, M.S. 2014. Assessing the Effectiveness of Empiric Antibiotic Treatments: The Use of an Antibiogram Based Methodology in The Case of Selected Public Hospitals in Lesotho. J Pharm Care, 2(3): 85-95. Afifurrahman, Samadin, K.H., Aziz, S., 2014. Pola Kepekaan Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus terhadap Antibiotik Vancomycin di RSUP Dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang. MKS, 46 (4): 266-270. Al-Zoubi, M.S., Al-Tayyar, I.A., Hussein, E., Al Jabali, A., Khudairat, S. 2015. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical specimens in Northern area of Jordan. IJM, 7(5):265-272. Ali, I. dan Butt, M.A. 2017. Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates from patients of respiratory tract infection at 43 centers in Punjab, Pakistan. Clin Exp Pharmacol, 7:229-234. Alvarez-Uria, G. dan Reddy, R. 2012. Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Rural Area of India: Is MRSA Replacing Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus in the Community? ISRN, 2012:1-5. Amelinda, I., Djamal, A., Usman, E. 2014. Pola Sensitivitas Bakteri Penyebab Infeksi Saluran Napas Bawah Non Tuberkulosis Terhadap Kotrimoksazol di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang Periode 1 Januari 2012 31 Desember 2012. JKA, 3(3): 387-396. Anvari, M.S., Naderan, M., Boroumand, M.A., Shoar, S., Bakhsh, R., Naderan, M. 2014. Microbiology spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility pattern among patients with urinary and respiratory tract infection. Int J Microbiol, 2014: 1-6. Bassetti, M., Trecarichi, E.M., Mesini, A., Spanu, T., Giacobbe, D.R., Rossi, M., Shenone, E., Pascale, G. D., Molinari, M. P., Cauda, R., Viscoli, C., Tumbarello, M., 2012. Clin Microbiol Infect, 18: 862 869. Batabyal, B., Biswas, S., Chakraborty, S., Desai, P.D., Sarkar, N.D. 2012. Prevalence and Drug Sensitivity Pattern of Staphylococcus aureus in Post- Operative Surgical Oral & Maxillofacial Infections. IJLPR, 2(4): 150-158. Bbosa, G.S., Mwebaza, N., Odda, J., Kyegombe, D.B., Ntale, M., 2014. Antibiotics/antibacterial drug use, their marketing and promotion during the post-antibiotic golden age and their role in emergence of bacterial resistance. Health, 6(5): 410-425. Brown, P.D., 2014. Multiple drug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, A timebomb for Jamaica and the region. Commonwealth Health Partnerships, 2014: 74-77. Brunton, L., Chabner, B., Knollman, B., 2011. Goodman & Gilman s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics Twelfth Edition. McGraw Hill, New York. Bukhari, S.Z., Ahmed, S., Zia, N. 2011. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Staphylococcus aureus on Clinical Isolates and Efficacy of Laboratory Tests to Diagnose MRSA: A Multi-Centre Study. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad, 23(1): 139-142. 60
61 Castanon, J.I.R. 2007. History of the Use of Antibiotic as Growth Promoters in European Poultry Feeds. Poultry Science, 86(11): 2466 2471. Chen, C.J. dan Huang, Y.C., 2014. New epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus infection in Asia. Clin Microbiol Infect, 20: 605-623. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. 2013. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Twenty-Third Informational Supplement. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute: Pennsylvania. Coombs, G.W., Nimmo, G.R., Pearson, J.C., Collignon, P.J., Bell, J.M., McLaws, M.L., Christiansen, K.J., Turnidge, J.D., 2013. Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance Hospital-onset Staphylococcus aureus Surveillance Programme annual report, 2011. CDI, 37(3): 210-218. Cosgrove, S.E., Avdic, E., Dzintars, K., Smith, J. 2015. Antibiotic Guidelines 2015-2016. Maryland, The Johns Hopkins Hospital Antimicrobial Stewardship Program. Coyle, M.B., 2005. Manual of antimicrobial susceptibility testing. American Society for Microbiology, Washington DC. Dorland, W.A.N., 2011. Dorland s Illustrated Medical Dictionary, 32nd Edition. Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia. Durante-Mangoni, E., Grammatikos, A., Utili, R., Falagas, M.E., 2009. Do we still need the aminoglycosides? IJAA, 33: 201 205. Etebu, E. dan Arikekpar, I., 2016. Antibiotics: Classification and mechanism of action with emphasis on molecular perspectives. IJAMBR, 4:90-101. Finch, R. 2006. Gram-positive infections: lessons learnt and novel solutions. Clin Microbiol Infect, 12(8): 3 8. Gemmell C.G., Edwards, D.I., Fraise, A.P., Gould, F.K., Ridgway, G.L., Warren, R.E., 2006. Guidelines for the prophylaxis and treatment of methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in the UK. JAC, 57: 589-608. Hancock, R.E.W., 2005. Mechanisms of action of newer antibiotics for Gram positive pathogens. Lancet Infect Dis, 5: 209-218. Hilda dan Berliana. 2015. Pola Resistensi Bakteri Staphylococus aureus, Escherichia Coli, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa terhadap Berbagai Antibiotik. JHM, 4(1):1-71. Holfelder, M., Eigner, U., Turnwald, A.M., Witte, W., Weizenegger, M., Fahr, A., 2006. Direct detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in clinical specimens by a nucleic acid-based hybridisation assay. Clin Microbiol Infect, 12: 1163-1167. Huang, H., Flynn, N.M., King, J.H., Monchaud, C., Morita, M., Cohen, S.H., 2006. Comparisons of Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Hospital-Associated MRSA Infections in Sacramento, California. J Clin Microbiol, 44:2423-2427. Hull, H.F., Danila, R.N., Perry, S., Solovjovs, V., 2004. Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Minnesota. DCN, 32(6): 61-72. Iileka, A.E.K., Mukesi, M., Engelbrecht, F., Moyo, S.R. 2016. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated at the Namibia Institute of Pathology from 2012 to 2014. OJMM, 6: 116-124.
Istasariputri, K., Sutedja, E., Suwarsa, O., Sudigdoadi, S. 2013. Methicillin- Resistant Staphylococcus aureus pada Penderita Dermatitis Atopik dan Sensitivitasnya terhadap Mupirosin Dibandingkan dengan Gentamisin. MKB, 45(1): 36-44. Jayatilleke, K. dan Bandara, P. 2012. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Staphylococcus aureus in a tertiary care hospital of Sri Lanka. SLJID, 2(2):13-17. Jorgensen, J.H. dan Ferraro, M.J., 2009. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: A Review of General Principles and Contemporary Practices. CID, 49:1749-1755. Kader, A.A., Kumar A., Dass, S.M., 2004. Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated from Urine Cultures at A General Hospital. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transplant, 15(2): 135-139. Kang, C.I., Song, J.H., Ko, K.S., Chung, D.R., Peck, K.R. 2010. Clinical features and outcome of Staphylococcus aureus infection in elderly versus younger adult patients. IJID, 15:58-62. Karageorgopoulos, D.E., Falagas, M. E., 2009. New antibiotics: optimal use in current clinical practice. IJAA, 34S: 55-62. Karimi, M., Esfahani, B.N., Halaji, M., Shahin, M., Mobasherizadeh, S., Havaei, S.R., Shokri, D., Havaei, S.A. 2017. Molecular characteristics and antibiotic resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in tertiary care hospitals of Isfahan, Iran. Le Infezioni in Medicina, 3: 234-240. Katzung, B.G., Masters, S.B., Trevor, A.J., 2015. Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 13th ed. McGraw Hill, New York. Kolpa, M., Walaszek, M., Gniadek, A., Wolak, Z., Dobros, W., 2018. Incidence, Microbiological Profile and Risk Factors of Healthcare-Associated Infections in Intensive Care Units: A 10 Year Observation in a Provincial Hospital in Southern Poland. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 15: 112-127. Kumar, A.R. 2013. Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Pus Fromtertiary Care Hospital, Surendranagar, Gujarat and Issues Related to the Rational Selection of Antimicrobials. Sch J App Med Sci,1(5): 600-605. Kumar, M., 2016. Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, India, 2013 2015. EID, 22(9): 1666-1667. Kumar, S., Varela, M.F., 2013. Molecular mechanisms of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents. Formatex, 522-534. Kurniawan, W.T., 2014. Pola Kepekaan Staphylococcus aureus terhadap Beberapa Antibiotik di RSUP dr. Soeradji Tirtonegoro pada Tahun 2012-2013 (Skripsi). Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada: Yogyakarta. Madigan, M.T., dan Martinko, J.M., 2006. Brock Biology of Microorganisms 11th ed. Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey. Magiorakos, A.P., Srinivasan. A., Carey, R.B., Carmeli, Y., Falagas, M.E., Giske, C.G., Harbarth, S., Hindler, J.F., Kahlmeter, G., Olsson-Liljequist, B., Paterson, D. L., Rice, L.B., Stelling, L.B., Struelens, M.J., Vatopoulos, A., Weber, J.T., Monnet, D.L. 2011. Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim 62
standard definitions for acquired resistance. Clin Microbiol Infect, 18: 268 281. Mandelia, C., Shenoy, S., Garg, Y., 2012. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of community associated-methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 45(3):418. Mansyoer, R. dan Widjaj, I.R. 2017. Pola Kuman dan Uji Kepekaan Antibiotik pada Pasien Unit Perawatan Intensif Anak di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Koja Jakarta. Sari Pediatri, 19(2):103-107. Marhamah. 2016. Resistensi Bakteri Gram Positif terhadap Antibiotik di UPTD Balai Laboratorium Kesehatan Lampung Tahun 2012-2014. Jurnal Analis Kesehatan, 5(1):467-474. Menichetti, F. 2005. Current and emerging serious Gram-positive infections. Clin Microbiol Infect, 11(3): 22-28. Musyoki, S.K., Kariuki, S.M., Kemoi, E.K., Mbogori, E. 2016. The patterns of selected antibiotics sensitivity and resistance to Staphylococcus aureus isolates. IJSTR, 5(5): 278-281. Muttaqein, E.Z., Soleha, T.U, 2013. Pola Kepekaan Staphylococcus aureus terhadap Antibiotik Penisilin Periode Tahun 2008-2012 Bandar Lampung. Majority, 2(4): 47-55. Nugroho, F.W.A. 2010. Perbandingan Sensitivitas antara Linezolid dan Vancomycin terhadap Staphylococcus aureus (Skripsi). Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret: Surakarta. Oliveira, D.C., Tomasz, A., Lencastre, H.D, 2002. Secrets of success of a human pathogen: molecular evolution of pandemic clones of meticillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Lancet Infect Dis, 2: 180 189. Onaolapo, J.A., Olayinka, B.O., Adeshina G.O., Igwe, J.C., Obajuluwa, A.F. 2016. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Orthopaedic Patients in Abuth, Zaria. J Food Ind Microbiol, 2(1): 1-6. Onwubiko, N.E. dan Sadiq, N.M. 2011. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Staphylococcus aureus from clinical isolates in a tertiary health institution in Kano, Northwestern Nigeria. PAMJ, 8(4):1-7. Perlroth, J., Kuo, M., Tan, J., Bayer, A.S., Miller, L.G., 2008. Adjunctive use of rifampin for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infections. Arch Intern Med, 168(8): 805-19. Prabowo, F.I. dan Habib, I. 2012. Identifikasi Pola Kepekaan dan Jenis Bakteri pada Pasien Infeksi Saluran Kemih di Rumah Sakit PKU Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Mutiara Medika, 12(2):93-101. Pratiwi, I.P., 2014. Pola Kepekaan Enterobacter sp. terhadap Beberapa Golongan Antibiotik di RSUP dr. Soeradji Tirtonegoro pada Tahun 2012-2013 (Skripsi). Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada: Yogyakarta. Pusat Data dan Informasi Kementrian Kesehatan RI. 2014. Situasi dan Analisis Lanjut Usia. InfoDATIN, 1-8. Ray, G.T., Suaya, J.A., dan Baxter, R., 2012. Trends and characteristics if cultureconfirmed Staphylococcus aureus infections in a large U.S. Integrated health care association. J Clin Microbiol, 50: 1950-1957. 63
Ray, G.T., Suaya, J.A., dan Baxter, R., 2013. Incidence, microbiology, and patient characteristics of skin and soft-tissue infections in a U.S. population; a retrospective population-based study. BMC Infectious Disease, 13(1): 252-262. Rifasanti, D.P., Budiarti, L.Y., Yasmina, A., 2013. Perbandingan Perubahan Kepekaan Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 pada Pemaparan Amoksisilin- Asam Klavulanat dan Eritromisin Kadar Subinhibisi In Vitro. Berkala Kedokteran, 9(2): 129-142. Refdanita, Maksum, R., Nurgani, A., Endang, P. 2004. Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Ketidaksesuaian Pengunaan Antibiotika dengan Uji Kepekaan di Ruang Intensif Rumah Sakit Fatmawati Jakarta Tahun 2001 2002. Makara Kesehatan, 8(1): 21-26. Rostina, Rusli, B., Arief, M., Hardjoeno. 2006. Pola Kuman Berdasarkan Spesimen dan Sensitivitas Terhadap Antimikroba. IJCPML, 13(1): 13-16. RSUP dr. Soeradji Tirtonegoro. 2017. http://rsupsoeradji.id, diakses 20 Januari 2018. Ryan, K.J., Ray, C.G., Sherris, J.C., 2010. Sherris Medical Microbiology Sixth Edition. McGraw Hill, New York. Santika, I.K.J., Pinatih, K.J.P., Fatmawati, N.N.D., 2013. Pola Kepekaan Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus terhadap antibiotika di RSUP Sanglah pada Agustus 2013-Oktober 2013. Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Udayana, Badung. Shibabaw, A., Abebe, T., Mihret, A. 2014. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of nasal Staphylococcus aureus among Dessie Referral Hospital health care workers, Dessie, Northeast Ethiopia. IJID, 25: 22 25. Shittu, A.O. dan Lin, J., 2006. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and characterization of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus in KwaZulu- Natal province, South Africa. BMC Infectious Diseases, 6:125-137. Silley, P. 2012. Susceptibility testing methods, resistance and breakpoints: what do these terms really mean? Rev Sci Tech Off Int Epiz, 31(1): 33-41 Sulistyaningrum, N.F. 2016. Pola Kuman dan Uji Sensitivitasnya Terhadap Antibiotik pada Penderita Infeksi Luka Operasi (ILO) di RSUD dr. Moewardi Periode Januari Juli 2015 (Skripsi). Surakarta, Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Tambunan, T. 2009. Kebijakan Pengendalian Resistensi Antimikroba. Jakarta, Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo. Tong, S.Y.C., Davis, J.S,, Eichenberger, E., Holland, T.L., Fowler, V.G.Jr., 2015. Staphylococcus aureus infections: epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management. Clin Microbiol Rev, 28(3): 603-661. Triyono, E.A., 2013. Implementasi Program Pengendalian Resistensi Antibiotik dalam Mendukung Program Patient Safety. CDK-208, 40(9): 674-678. Vysakh, P.R. dan Jeya, M., 2013. A Comparative Analysis of Community Acquired and Hospital Acquired Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. JCDR, 7(7): 1339-1342. Zaman, R., Inam, M., Afsheen, Z., 2013. Sensitivity Pattern of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates to Commonly Used Antibiotics. PJMHS, 7(3): 651-654. 64