UPDATE ON SMALL RUMINANT MEDICINE INDEX Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. Abortion, mycoplasmal, 326-327 Acaricides, for use on sheep and goats, Aerial gunning, to eliminate predation, 279 Agalactia, contagious, conditions caused by, 317 diagnosis of, 317-318 immune response against, 318 management of, 318-319 of small ruminants, as cause of mastitis, 339-340 vaccinations for control of, 318 Agalactia syndrome, contagious, 325-326 Alpha tocopherol, 376 Aminoglycosides, regulations concerning, 416 Anesthetics, regulations concerning, 416 Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act of 1994, 405 Anthelmintics, regulations concerning, 416 use of, nematodes and, 239-240 Antibiotics, in caseous lymphadenitis, 369 regulations concerning, 416-417 Antidotes, regulations concerning, 418 Antimicrobial drugs, for treatment and prevention of mastitis, 349-350 Antioxidant enzymes, 375 Artificial insemination, in sheep, 451-452 Balanoposthitis/vulvovaginitis, ulcerative, 327 Bears, as predators, 274-275 Black flies, 251 Blow flies, 250 Bobcats, as predators, 272-273 Bot flies, 251-252 Breeding soundness, evaluation of, in rams, 436-440 California mastitis test, 345 Calling/shooting, to eliminate predation, 279-280 Calliphorids, 250--253, 254 Caseous lymphadenitis, causative agent in, 359-360 clinical signs of, 361-363 control of disease in, 366-369 diagnosis of, 364-365 etiology and pathogenesis of, 360-361 in small ruminants, 359-371 serologic tests in, 365 transmission of, 363-364 treatment alternatives in, 368-369 zoonotic aspects of, 370 Chlamydial infections, in small ruminants, 301-314 Chlamydiales, classification and characteristics of, 301-302 Chlamydophila abortus, infection with, diagnosis of, 306-308 pathogenesis of, 305-306 prevention and control of, 308-309 reproductive failure caused by, 302-309 transmission of, 304-305 zoonotic potential of, 309 Chlamydophila pecorum, classification of strains of, 309-310 diseases caused by, 309-312 Chorioptic mange, 255 Cloning, in goats, 431-432 Coccidia, 241-242 Coliforms, as cause of mastitis, 337 Compliance Policy Guides of FDA, 414-415 Coyotes, as predators, 270--271 Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, 285 variant, 285 Deer flies, 253 Dimethyl sulfoxide, regulations concerning, 417-418 Dogs, as predators, 271-272 457
458 INDEX Drugs, animal, new, approval of, 404 approved for sheep and goats, in U.s., 235,236 extralabel, establishment of extended withdrawal intervals for, 411-413 illegal use of, 411 maximum allowable residue of, 411, 412 use in small ruminants, 405-413 label, and extralabel, use in small ruminants, 403-420 labeling of, by veterinarians or pharmacists, 410 regulations pertaining to use of, sources of information on, 419-420 used to manipulate reproduction, 417 Eagles, as predators, 273-274 Ectoparasite control, on small ruminants, 254-263 Embryo transfer, in goats, 429-432 Enzymes, antioxidant, 375 Estrone sulfate, in pregnancy diagnosis in goats, 424 Estrus, manipulation of, in sheep, 448-451 synchronization/induction of, in goats, 426-429 Feed additives, regulations concerning, 417 Fencing, to eliminate predation, 276 Feral hogs, as predators, 274 Flies, 250, 251-253 Fluoroquinolones, regulations concerning, 417 Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank, 411 Foxes, as predators, 272 Frightening devices, to eliminate predation, 277 Glutathione peroxidase activity, selenium and,393 Gnat(s), 250, 253, 254 Goats, advanced reproductive techniques in,421-434 contagious pleuropneumonia in. See Pleuropneumonia, caprine, contagious. drugs approved by FDA for use in, 406 embryo transfer in, 429-432 pregnancy in, diagnosis of, 421-424 sheep and, drugs approved for, in U.s., 235,236 insecticides and acaricides for use in, mastitis of, 333-358 synchronization/induction of estrus in, 426-429 Gonadotropins, for ovarian stimulation in goats, 429 "Gotch ear," 260-261 Guard animals, to eliminate predation, 276-277 Hoofstock, predation on. See Predation, on hoofstock. Horse flies, 253 House flies, 253 m thrift, infertility, and impaired immunity, in selenium and vitamin E deficiency, 389-392 Infection, in sheep and goats, as cause of mastitis, 341-342 Insecticides, for use on sheep and goats, Keratoconjunctivitis, 326 chlamydial, causes of, 310 clinical signs of, 310 diagnosis of, 310-311 treatment of, 311 Kuru, 284, 285 Lentivirus infection, in goats, as cause of mastitis, 340 in sheep, as cause of mastitis, 340-341 Lice, as permanent obligatory ectoparasites, 247-248 categories of, 247 infestations of, treatment of, 248-250 spread of, 248 Lipid peroxidation, 364-365 Liver flukes, 240-241 Livestock Protection Collar, to eliminate predation, 279 Luteal regression, premature, in goats, 430 Lymphadenitis, caseous. See Caseous lymphadenitis. Mastitis, acute and chronic clinical, in sheep and goats, 334-335, 336 clinical picture of, in sheep and goats, 333-335, 336 diagnosis of, in sheep and goats, 342-346
INDEX 459 effect on productivity, 348-349 etiologic agents in, of sheep and goats, 337-342 genetic resistance to, 348 peracute, of sheep and goats, 334 prevalence of, in goats, 336 in sheep, 336-337 risk factors for, 346-348 subclinical, of sheep and goats, 335 treatment and prevention of, in sheep and goats, 349-352 Meat quality, in selenium and vitamin E deficiency, 392 Milk, of sheep and goats, zoonotic considerations in use of, 352-353 Minor Use Animal Drug Program, 404-405 Mites, 254 Mosquitoes, 250, 253 Mountain lions, as predators, 273 Mycoplasma-associated syndromes, in small ruminants, 317-327 Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum, 325 Mycoplasma infections, culture site for, 328 diagnosis of, 327-328 in small ruminants, 315-332 pathogenesis of, 315-316 reproductive problems associated with, 327 Mycoplasma mycoides cluster, 320-321 Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri, diagnosis of, 324-325 mycoplasmas encompassed by, 324 pathology of, 324 prevention of, 325 Myodegeneration, nutritional. See Nutritional myodegeneration. National Research Support Program-7, 404-405 Nematodes, control of, recommendations for, 238-240 diagnostics and, 237-238 flock history and, 232-237 significance of, 231-232 species of, 232 Nutritional myodegeneration, cardiac, 385 clinical pathology of, 385-386 clinical signs of, 384-385 in selenium and vitamin E deficiency, 383-389 necropsy findings in, 386-387 risk factors for, 383 treatment of, 387-389 Ovine scrapie. See Scrapie, ovine. Oxidation, 373-374 Parasite-resistant animals, selection of, nematodes and, 240 Parasites, internal, control of, strategies for, 231-244 Pasteurella spp., as cause of mastitis, 337 Pasture management, nematodes and, 238 Pleuropneumonia, caprine, contagious, 321-324 diagnosis of, 322 disease caused by, characteristics of, 322 pathology of, 322 prevention of, 323-324 treatment of, 323 Pneumonia, ovine, nonprogressive, 319-320 Polyarthritis, chlamydial, acquisition of, 311 diagnosis of, 311 treatment of, 312 Predation, on hoofstock, as factor in production, 266 interpreting physical evidence of, 265-282 assessment of predation history in, 270 carcass examination in, 269-270 diagnosis of predator kills in, 267-270 examination of injured animals in, 268 kill site evidence in, 269 precautions for examination of animal carcasses in, 268 search methodology for, 267 species of predators and, 266-267 Predators, coping with, educational materials on, 280 integrated control strategies for, 280 management alternatives for, 275-280 sources of assistance for, 280 kills by, general characteristics of, 270-275 Pregnancy, in goats, diagnosis of, 421-424 Pregnancy-specific protein B, assessment of, in goats, 424 Prion gene, ovine, 291-292 Psoroptic mange, 254 Rams, breeding soundness evaluation of, 436-440 Reactive oxygen species, 364 Reproduction, failure of, caused by Chlamydophila abortus, 302-309
460 INDEX Reproduction (Continued) hormones and drugs used to manipulate, 417 Reproductive techniques, advanced, in goats, 421-434 in sheep, 435-455 Ruminants, small, caseous lymphadenitis in,359-371 Chlamydial infections in, 301-314 ectoparasite control on, 254-263 label and extralabel drugs for use in, 403-420 medicine, update on, 231-455 mycoplasma infections in, 315-332 Sarcoptic mange, 254-255 Scrapie, ovine, 283-300 as prototype of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy, 285-290 association with ovine genetics, 292 diagnosis of, 287-290 antemortem preclinical, 290, 291 by histology, 285 immunohistochemistry of brain in, 288-289 postmortem, using lymphoid tissues, 289-290 Western blot analysis in, 289 eradication of, veterinarians' roles in, 295 genetic susceptibility to, 291-293 pathogenesis of, 287 prevention and control of, 293-295 prions as cause of, 286-287 research on, history of, 283-284 susceptibility genetics and control programs, 293, 294 transmission of, 285-286 Sedatives, regulations concerning, 416 Selenium, absorption of, 379-380 and vitamin E, 373-402 antioxidant roles of, 373-376 biologic roles of, 376-377 blood, serum, and tissue distribution of, 380-381 deficiency of, manifestations of, 383-393 determination of status of, in livestock, 393-396 dietary sources of, 377-378 elimination of, 381 in serum and whole-blood, of sheep and goats, 393-396 metabolism of, 380-382 supplementation of, 397-398 transfer to fetus, colostrum, and milk, 381-382 Semen, collection and evaluation in rams, 438-439 Sheep, and goats, drugs approved for, in U.S., 235, 236 insecticides and acaricides for use in, mastitis of, 333-358 artificial insemination in, 451-452 drugs approved by FDA for use in, 407-408 embryo transfer in, 452-453 manipulation of estrus in, 448-451 reproductive organs of, examination of, 437-438 reproductive techniques in, 435-455 reproductive technologies in, evaluation of, 435-436 Sheep keds, 252-253 "Sheep scab," 254 Shooting, to eliminate predation, 279-280 Skin disease, in goats, in selenium and vitamin E deficiency, 393 Snakes, mortality of hoofstock due to, 275 Snares, to eliminate predation, 277-278 Somatic cell counts, in sheep and goats, in diagnosis of mastitis, 342-345 Spongiform encephalopathy(ies), transmissible, 283 family of, 284-285 human, 285 ovine scrapie as prototype of, 285-290 ruminant, diagnostic tests for, 289 Spotlighting/ shooting, to eliminate predation, 280 Stable flies, 253 Staphylococcus, coagulase-negative, in goats, as cause of mastitis, 338 in sheep, as cause of mastitis, 338-339 Staphylococcus aureus, as cause of mastitis, 337 Streptococcus spp., environmental, as cause of mastitis, 337 Tapeworms, 240 Tick(s), black-legged, 260-261 coriaceus,257-258 deer, 258 dog, 258-259 Gulf Coast, 260 hard, 258-261 life forms of, 255 lone star, 259-260 pajarello, 257-258 Rocky Mountain wood, 255-256, 258 spinose ear, 256-257 winter, 259 wood, 258 zoonotic diseases vectored by, 255 Toxicants, to eliminate predation, 278-279 Traps, foothold, to eliminate predation, 278
INDEX 461 Udder conformation, poor, as risk factor for mastitis, 346 Ultrasonography, for evaluation of male animal, 425-426 reproductive, in sheep, 440-448 to diagnose pregnancy in goats, 421-424 to evaluate female goat, 425 Vaccination, for control of caseous lymphadenitis, 366-368 Vitamin E, absorption of, 382 biologic roles of, 377 deficiency of, manifestations of, 383-393 description of, 375-376 determination of status of, in sheep and goats, 393, 394 dietary sources of, 379 elimination of, 383 in serum and tissue, 382-383 metabolism of, 382-383 requirements for, 396 supplementation of, 396-397 transfer to fetus, colostrum, and milk, 383 Vultures, location of dead livestock and, 267 Vulvovaginitis, granular, 327 Wasting disease, chronic, 284 White muscle disease. See Nutritional myodegeneration. Whiteside test, 345-346 Wolves, as predators, 272 Wool maggots, 250