Topic: Traits, Genes, & Alleles Essential Question: How are an organism s traits connected to its genes? The problem with the gene pool is that there is no lifeguard. - Steven Wright 2/16/16 Genetics
Mendel s Conclusions 1. Traits are inherited in discrete units.
Mendel s Conclusions 2. Organisms inherit two copies of each factor one from each parent.
Mendel s Conclusions 3. The two copies of the factor separate when an organism makes gametes and only one is donated to the offspring.
Most traits are a bit more complicated than the ones Mendel focused one (which is why he chose those, probably).
Terms to know and use: Genes- what we know now. Gene: piece of DNA that codes for a specific protein. Traits are results of protein or protein action. Allele: alternative forms of a gene (like purple or white flowers, wrinkled or smooth peas)
Terms to know and use: A dominant allele is expressed over a recessive allele.
Describing the genetic characteristics of organisms. I do not have hair on my mid-digit portion of my fingers. This is a recessive trait. The physical appearance of a trait (like having NO hair on fingers ) is called the PHENOTYPE.
Examples of phenotypes: Tall peas and Short peas Purple flowers and white flowers Widow s peak and no widow s peak Black fur and brown fur Other examples?
Describing the genetic characteristics of organisms. If my phenotype shows a recessive trait (like no middigital hair), what does that mean about the two copies of my genes? Both copies must be recessive. Since we use lower case letters to identify recessive traits, I would say my genes were hh. This genetic make-up is called GENOTYPE. It is the combination of alleles in an organism.
Phenotype Mid-digital Hair Mid-digital Hair Genotype HH Hh NO mid-digital Hair hh
One of my daughters HAS mid-digital hair. What gene did she get from me? One copy of a h. What gene MUST she have gotten from her mother? One copy of H. My daughter s genotype is Hh.
My other daughter does NOT mid-digital hair. What gene did she get from me? One copy of a h. What gene MUST she have gotten from her mother? One copy of h. My daughter s genotype is hh. My wife s genotype is Hh.
Two more terms to know: Homozygous = when the two copies of the gene are the same. (HH or hh) Heterozygous = when the two alleles are different. (Hh)
Are traits controlled by dominant alleles more common than traits controlled by recessive alleles? Write this question in your notebook, then record a hypothesis reflecting your ideas about this question. Draw a box around them for easy reference.
Survey of Traits Are traits controlled by dominant alleles more common than traits controlled by recessive alleles?
Quick Lab data table.pdf Download into GoodNotes Dominant Trait Class Count Recessive Trait Class Count Cleft Chin No cleft Dimples No dimples Hair above knuckles Hairless fingers Freckles No freckles
For each trait, find which matches your own phenotype. Circle the trait you show. Dominant Trait Class Count Recessive Trait Class Count Cleft Chin No cleft Dimples No dimples Hair above knuckles Hairless fingers Freckles No freckles
Let s record the number of students in the class for each. Dominant Trait Class Count Recessive Trait Class Count Cleft Chin No cleft Dimples No dimples Hair above knuckles Hairless fingers Freckles No freckles
Can you determine your genotype if you know your phenotype for any of these traits? Dominant Trait Cleft Chin Class Count Recessive Trait No cleft Class Count Dimples Hair above knuckles Freckles No dimples Hairless fingers No freckles
Reading - you will need to have read through section 6.5 to understand and answer upcoming discussion questions.
When someone says Dragon what comes to mind? There are many different dragons. All with different traits.
Dragon Genetics Mendelian Genetics in Action Files are in Canvas
Dragon Genetics Open or download Dragon Genetics instructions. Download Dragon Data table Work in pairs each will be one parent dragon. Dragons have 10 chromosomes we are looking at 27 traits. 2 Chromosomes are represented by popsicle sticks one on each side.
We will start today with each parent s green chromosome. Each person should come up and get a green chromosome.
To start the activity Decide which person will be male and which female. Record on table. Each parent gets green popsicle stick. Record the set of letters (A to E) under mom/dad columns (two letters per box) from two sides of stick. Determine the genotype of the baby by dropping by both parents dropping the green stick. For egg, record mom s letter and for sperm, record dad s letter that is face up. Find the phenotype of baby by looking at table on page 3 of instructions. Record.
Topic: Dragon Genetics Essential Question (cont d same from Tues): How are an organism s traits connected to its genes? Yesterday I told a chicken to cross the road. It said, What for?" - Steven Wright 2/18/16 Genetics
Complete the activity (due MON. night) Each parent gets other 4 popsicle sticks. Mom gets pink sex chromosome and Dad gets light blue sex chromosome. Record each parent s genotype. Determine the genotype of the baby by dropping sticks one at a time. Record. Draw the baby. Make phenotypes obvious in drawing. Label phenotypes and genotypes. Answer the questions in your GoodNotes. Turn in paper drawing and use Canvas for table and questions.
What you are learning: 1. Difference between genotype and phenotype. 2. How dominant and recessive traits are expressed or not expressed. 3. How gender is determined (in dragons and humans). 4. How the laws of segregation and independent assortment act to make a unique individual. 5. Some variations in the basic patterns of Mendelian inheritance.
What you are doing today 1. Draw the baby dragon. Phenotypes should be obvious. Label phenotypes and genotypes. Share the load. 2. BEWARE traits of M, R, and T! Read carefully and fully. 3. Individually answer the questions in your GoodNotes. 4. Take a good photo of your dragon. Add a page to your GoodNotes notebook with photo. 5. Export the data table pages, dragon photo, and question answers as a PDF to Canvas. 6. Be sure both partner s names are on data table.