1 Standbild Cost of National Wildlife Rabies Eradication Programmes Dr. Hans-Joachim Bätza
2 The long history of rabies control in Germany
3 The very beginning First mentioning of rabies in the Act relating to the control and suppression of animal diseases of 23 June 1880 (Imperial Law Gazette. I p. 153) Notifiable animal diseases Rabies in those times meaning rabies in domestic animals = no attempts to heal animals = ban on slaughtering of infected animals = immediate culling = dogs to be leashed in zones at risk = ban on skinning; safe disposal
The 1970s Introduction of protective regulations for rabies control in wild animals starting in the 1970s = increased shooting of foxes = fumigation of fox dens = holders of hunting rights required to notify any fox and badger dens Virtually no financial support for rabies control in those days; in individual cases, premiums (of up to EUR 50) were paid for each shot fox 4
The 1980s From the mid-1970s onwards research on immunisation of foxes in the wild (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health) The first chicken heads with vaccine capsules were laid from 1983 onwards Objective: large-scale immunisation of foxes Financing through research funds Oral immunisation of foxes against rabies became practicable from 1983 onwards (but still required chicken head baits), thus limiting the bait delivery area 5
6 1989-1992 Council Decision 89/455/EEC of 24 July 1989 introducing Community measures to set up pilot projects for the control of rabies with a view to eradication or prevention = minimum area national/cross border 6,000 sqkm = duration of the measure 3 years = financing = of anti rabies oral vaccine plus bait (0.5 ECU per vaccine/bait) = small scale preservation and conservation schemes up to 10,000 ECU per project = costs for laying baits up to 50 % of the costs
7 1989-1992 Germany presented a 3-year-plan which also included the former GDR and the neighbouring (former) third countries Austria and Czechoslovakia.
1989-1992; Number of baits and costs in Germany, Austria and Czechoslovakia 1989 Autumn 1990 1991 1992 Germany Austria Czchoslowakia GDR 1,5 Mio baits 44.000 baits 49.600 baits 40.918 baits 1,68 Mio Euro 46.144 Euro 52.012 Euro 42.912 Euro 3,28 Mio baits 152.800 baits 436.000 baits 1,43 Mio baits 3,64 Mio Euro 158.766 Euro 453.854 Euro 1,5 Mio Euro 6,67 Mio baits 328.800 baits -- -- 7,36 Mio Euro 331.546 Euro -- -- 7,97 Mio baits 461.600 baits -- -- 8,32 Mio Euro 466.612 Euro -- -- 19,42 Mio baits 987.200 baits 485.600 baits 1,47 Mio baits 21 Mio Euro 1 Mio Euro 505.866 Euro 1,54 Mio Euro Indirect costs are not included in these costs: staff, diagnostic testing, incentives for hunters, facilities for storing, cooling and transportation of the baits 8
9 1993 onwards 1993 no financial contribution from EEC; but national oral vaccination campaign with 8 million baits (approx. 8 million EUR). From 1994 onwards financing of rabies eradication was covered by Council Decision 90/424/EEC of 26 June 1990 on expenditures in the veterinary field providing a 50 % reimbursement for vaccine-costs and distribution of the vaccine baits.
10 1997 2003 including Poland and Czechoslovakia Between 1997 and 2003 the oral vaccination campaigns in the neighbouring third countries Poland and Czechoslovakia were co-financed by 50 % out of the German budget until accession of these two states to the EEC. Last oral vaccination campaign in Germany 2008
11 1994-2008; number of baits and costs in Germany, Poland and Czechoslovakia Year Germany Poland Czechoslovakia No. baits costs No. baits costs No. baits costs 1994 7.316.350 7.511.538,10 1995 9.142.140 7.177.495,07 1996 7.824.170 6.236.382,25 1997 6.217.630 4.810.670,87 2.463.200 774.123,74 841.500 198.060,08 1998 4.624.700 3.622.483,80 2.443.600 702.906,38 717.400 174.641,54 1999 3.418.400 2.725.949,98 687.923 427.064,28 208.900 84.229,34 2000 3.399.200 2.641.541,96 616.778 431.111,90 291.600 98.569,90 2001 3.446.080 2.207.907,28 646.240 229.037,08 555.218 120.293,86 2002 2.859.900 1.873.236,46 1.166.680 337.903,46 620.426 110.814,48 2003 2.177.000 1.373.880,46 548.460 294.375,58 302.594 148.515,78 2004 1.895.455 1.200.000,00 2005 2.682.660 1.701.378,04 2006 1.352.000 867.763,16 2007 804.800 1.000.589,64 2008 216.000 444.387,22 Total 57.376.485 45.395.204,29 8.572.881 3.196.522,42 3.537.638 935.124,98
12 Diagnostic tests 2000-2008 Costs for diagnostic tests, testing of bait intake and serotyping of rabies virus isolates could only be estimated in retrospective. Between 1994 and 2006 costs for diagnostic tests were not covered by EEC co-financing.
13 Costs for diagnostic tests 2000-2008 No. of tests price per test purpose total costs 77.675 8,20 prove of bait intake 636.935,00 71.365 prove of 14,00 seroconversion 999.110,00 714.538 21,50 prove of infection 15.362.567,00 9.782 prove of field 41,60 or vaccine virus 406.931,20 873.360 17.405.543,20 Costs were cofinanced by EU from 2007 onwards (2007 + 2008 = 42.144 )
14 Total costs 1989-2008 The total costs for eradication of rabies in Germany amounted to EUR 102.7 million (1983 2008), which consist of = EUR 85.3 million for the purchase of baits and bait distribution (1983-2008), with a co-financing of approx. EUR 34 million by the European Community = EUR 17.4 million for serological testing (2000-2008), with a co-financing of approx. 42,000 Euro by the European Community
15 Still costs despite being free of rabies Germany has been officially declared as a country free from rabies in 2008. Serological testing of foxes (found dead, hit on roads, ) continues ever since in order to document the freedom of rabies and also to ensure that rabies infections in foxes are detected as early as possible these costs were completely covered by public authorities: prove of infection (21,5 EUR/test) Virusisolation (41,6 EUR/test) No. of tests costs No. of tests costs 2009 17.833 383.409,50 298 12.396,80 2010 14.824 318.716,00 314 13.062,40 32.657 702.125,50 612 25.459,20