Technical Session Super Bugs & Chemical Contaminants Manifestation and Mitigation Strategies By
Milk and Milk Products Meat and Meat Products Fish and Fishery products
Agrochemicals Veterinary Drugs and Antibiotics Environmental Contaminants (Dioxins/PAH) Mycotoxins Disinfectants (Cleaning Agents) Heavy Metals Additives Processing Contaminants
Contaminant means Food contamination refers to the presence of harmful chemicals and microorganisms which can cause consumer illness in food Super Bugs A strain of Bacteria that is resistant to Most Antibiotics
The discovery of penicillin has been attributed to Scottish scientist Alexander Fleming in 1928 and the development of penicillin for use as a medicine is attributed to the Australian Nobel Laureate Howard Walter Florey Dr.T.V.Rao MD 6
Antibiotic resistance is the process by which bacteria become resistant to antibiotics. Humans can have allergic reactions to antibiotics, but we do not become resistant to antibiotics.
Indiscriminate use of Antibiotics or vet drugs Inappropriate Use Repeated use of same Antibiotics rather than identifying root cause of no or less impact Use without knowledge and its impact Dosage quantity and duration not right Use of Low quality Antibiotics dosage Use of cocktail of Antibiotics Lower understanding about its use/efficacy Excess dosing
Scattered / Small farms v/s Big organised sector Milk is secondary source of income for many farmers Operating as Unorganized sector except few players Traditional Beliefs v/s appropriate vet guidance FSSAI is in stage of finalising the MRL s and requirements as of now High cost of testing AB at field levels Use of AB from Open market Difficult to check each Liter of milk at receipt Its better to work on Prevention methodology
Prevention if Better than Cure. Control of Use of Veg drugs/antibiotics programs normally consists of following major actions Awareness and Support in Animal Welfare Practices Hygiene Monitoring and controls Use of Vet Drugs and Antibiotics under vet supervision Verification by Milk Shed Surveys & Confirmation of Milk samples Assurance through Regular controls and checks
Awareness and Support in Animal Welfare Practices A. Understanding of the practices in Milk shed Understand the actual practices of animal hygiene / Vet drugs or AB Basic Economical needs of farmers Practices of feed and schedules B. Support Animal Shed and comforts Protection of Animals from Environment and people Improve the Animal Welfare practices Timely waste removal and upkeep/cleanliness in the animal she Shed design with proper drainage, ventilation and lighting Sufficient and pure water supply ( water sample comply to potability requirement) Provide training in animal shed practices and controls C. Feed Handling Feed practices Feed Quality and Use /Promote best & safe Feed supplies Controls and check of feed samples Mostly economical causes provides an intention to use unethical ways hence it is advised to understand and provide support to farmers on their overall economical growth. E.G.-Provide support in improving the Main farming crop yields Provide Solar systems to reduce their electricity usage
Hygiene Monitoring A. Surveys of Milk shed and farmers Survey of milk shed each individual farmer or group of farmer or atleast village to see the Hygiene monitoring Through Govt or company owned Vet Team, provide training to farmers for basic hygiene controls Regularly visit or audit to check the compliances A survey of Antibiotics being sold in area ( through chemist/druggist) and its verification by Vets B. Surveys of Milk collection centers or chilling centers Check the practices in milk collection centers Control and segregation of milk sourced from animal under treatment Compliances to Other food safety parameters Random checks/audits of Collection center/ chilling center or Bullk coolers
Use of Vet Drugs and Antibiotics under vet supervision A. Animal Health surveys and checks Animal health checks and recommend the Veg drugs/antibiotics Provide training on Administration of Drugs and their dosages Emphasis on prevention through hygiene monitoring and Feed /Water controls Emphasis on Shed controls to protect animal health Animal health checkup camps with support from Feed supplier / Pharma teams Field supervisors and Village team to help in segregating the animal under treatment Train and check the controls of Milk from above such animals B. Checks and controls Random visits to check and control the Use of antibiotics/drugs Random checks to confirm segregation of milk sourced from animal under treatment Traceability systems established Backward/forward from the finished product to Raw milk up to farmer ( recommended) and mock traceability done to check the strength of the same.
Verification by Milk Shed Surveys & Confirmation of Milk samples Milk shed survey verification Survey of Milk shed through data collection from chemists/druggist through an third party agency to collect the data on AB/Vet Drugs sold in the area This provides an list of Vet drugs/ab being sold in area The list can be then compared with list prescribed by Company Vet Team or Govt Vet doctors This would provide AB/Vet drugs which might be given and we can further educate the farmers/farmer s societies to avoid Confirmation of AB/Vet drugs Basis the Above list and FSMS Risk assessment conducted results into a list of probable Vet drugs/ab possibly coming in milk All incoming milk at chillers and Bulk coolers and even at receiving end of food processor can be checked for the absence of these Vet Drug/AB
Analytical HACCP Verification Operational QM Microbiology Pathogens Spoilage Beneficial Chemistry Antibiotics Vet Drugs Food Safety/Quality Contaminants (Chem. Micro bio. Packaging) Risk assessment basis 1) Milk shed survey 2) 2) Identify Key AB/ Vet drugs 3) Risk assessment 4) Final CCP identifications 1. Milk shed surveys at Regular frequency 2. Farm Audits at regular frequency 3. Samples testing at Chillers /bulk Coolers / at receipt at plant level 4. Identify outliers and investigate 5. Finished product sampling at regular frequency to verify compliance 1. Work with farmers association to improve their livelihood 2. Support and train farmers to improve yields 3. Easy /quick Detection kit capabilities development
Sr. no. Antibiotic Group. Trade Name Content PresentationCampany Withdraval Period % of Use 1 Sulphonamides Inj. Sulphadimidine Sulphadimidine Sodium 100 ml. ABC Y Days 40% Inj. Biotrim Sulphadiazine & Trimithoprim 30 ml. BCD 39 Bol. Sulpha Suphadimidine Sodium 500mg. ABC 25% Bol. Biotrim DS. Sulphadiazine & Trimithoprim 2.5 gm. XYZ 14% Bol. Oriprim Sulphamethoxazole & Trimethoprim 2.5 gm. XYZ 10% 2 Penicilline Dicrystcin DS. Procane Penicilline G & Streptomycin 2.5 gm.& 5 gmxyz Y Days 50% 3 Phinicols Inj. Lykacetin Chloramphinicol Sodium Succinate 3 gm. XYZ Y Days 10% Inj. Chlorocitin Chloramphinicol Sodium Succinate 2.5 gm. 4 Semi- Sentetic PenicillInj. R.C. Fort Ampicilline & Dicloxacilline 4 gm ABC Y Days 20% Inj. Amoxcirum Fort Amoxycilline & Sulbactum 3gm &4.5gm ABC 25% Inj. Moxel Amoxycilline & Cloxacilline Sodium 3gm ABC 20% Oin. Mammital Colistin Sulphate & Cloxcilline Sodium 10gm ABC 4% 5 Tetracyclines Inj. Oxytetracycline Oxytetracycline HCL IP 50 mg. 100ml ABC Y Days 19% Inj. Oxy. L.A. Oxytetracycline Dihydrate 200mg. 30 ml. ABC X Days 29% 6 Aminoglycocides Inj. Genta Gentamycin 10 ml ABC X Days 49% Inj. Micasine Amicasine Sulphate 10 ml ABC Y Days 20% Inj. Unimycin Neomycin Sulphate 140 mg. 30 ml ABC X Days 40% Oin. Moxomast200 Cephalaxin & Neomycin 5gm ABC 40% Oin.Mastirid Cephalaxin & Neomycin 5 gm ABC 20%
Assurance through Regular controls and checks Every tanker/container should be checked at Bulk cooler for the said list for qualitative analysis ( Delvo/Charms ) Every tanker/container should be checked at receiving end before unloading In case of any positive, the said tanker/or container can be restricted /rejected basis severity or criticality Sub-compartmental checking for the AB/vet drugs and further traceability Trace back up to Bulk cooler/ chiller and then up to farmer ( recommended) and take appropriate actions. Retrain the farmers / Farmer s co-operations or societies for best practices Regularly check the finished product samples at regular frequency to ascertain compliances
Assurance through Regular controls and checks Continue periodical checks on the Animal welfare and other supports to farmers Continue periodical checks/audits of the farms and chillers/bulk coolers Repeat the Milk shed survey s at regular interval to update AB list to avoid unidentified AB getting detected at receipt Investigate in depth and take appropriate actions