Farm Animal Breeds AF 1101 (1/12:06) Dr. A. M. J. B. Adikari Head and Senior Lecturer Dept. of Animal and Food Sciences

Farm Animal Breeds AF 1101 (1/12:06) Dr. A. M. J. B. Adikari Head and Senior Lecturer Dept. of Animal and Food Sciences

Breed Specific group of (domestic) animals having similar appearance and characteristics that differ from the other animals of the same species Large portion of livestock breeds are crossed or introduced breeds. Local breeds have poor productive ability

European breeds Cattle Breeds Milk Beef Dual Friesian Hereford Short horn Ayrshire Angus Polled short horn Jersey Brahman Red polled Indian breeds Milk Beef Dual Sahiwal Kangayan Hariana Sindhi Malvi Ongole Gir Siri Tharpakar

Classification Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Chordata Class : Mammalia Order : Artiodactyla Family : Bovidae Genus : Bos Species : Bos taurus (European/temperate) Bos indicus (Indian/humped)

1. Friesian Dairy Breeds World s highest production dairy animals Mature body weight: male 580 kg, female 360 kg Black and white distinct patches High milk production Low fat content 3.4%

2. Ayrshire Mature body weight: male 900 kg, female 600 kg Red or brown with varying amount of white Large horns with upward curve Moderate fat content 4% and high protein

3. Jersey Small breed of dairy cattle Body weight: 400-500kg Body color : fawn (light brown) Fat content 4.8%

4. Sahiwal Body color ranges from reddish brown through to more predominant red Males have big hump Drought resistant Lean meat with fat cover

5. Sindhi Red sindhi range in color from a deep reddish brown to a yellowish red, brown to a yellowish red Used to improve beef and dual purpose cattle in many tropical countries

Beef Breeds 1. Devon cattle Origin: England Color: Red Mature bulls weight in good working condition: 770 to 1000kg

2. Angus cattle Developed from cattle native to Scotland They are naturally polled Body color: solid black or red, although the udder may be white Black angus is the most common beef breed of cattle

Buffalo Breeds Main uses Draught power Milk Meat Manure Horns and skin

Classification Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Chordata Order : Artiodactyla Family : Bovidae Genus : Bubalus Species : Bubalus bubalis (water buffalo)

1. Murrah Color: Jet black Weight: bulls 550kg, cows 450kg Good milk producer

2. Surti Body color: black or brown Medium sized breed

3. Niliravi Body color: black and white White markings on the forehead, face, muzzle and lower parts of legs

Goat Breeds Classification Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Chordata Order : Artiodactyla Family : Bovidae Genus : Capra Species : Capra hircus

1. Saanen Body color: white or cream Easy to manage Largest milk producers Performs best in cooler conditions

2. Jamnapari Origin: Indian subcontinent Bred for both milk and meat Coat color: white with patches of tan on the neck and head Mature body weight: male- 65-90kg, female- 40-60kg

3. Boer Developed for meat production High resistant to diseases and well adapted to hot, dry semi deserts Has white body and distinctive brown/black heads Rapid weight gain and heavy muscle development

4. Beetal

Classification of Poultry Chicken Breeds 1. Biological Classification Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Chordata Class : Aves Order : Galiformes Genus : Gallus Species : Gallus gallus Sub species : Gallus gallus domesticus

2. Utilization basis Egg Types High egg production Slow growth Light breeds (low weight) Low feed requirement (small body) Ex : White leghorn Brown leghorn

Meat type Low egg production Heavy breed (compact body) Faster growth Ex : Cornish, Sussex Dual type In between egg and meat type Heavy breeds Ex : RIR (Rhode Island Red)

Miscellaneous type Ornamental Small birds Shank covered with feathers Fancy birds Games/Fight Long neck Long Spur

3. Place of origin Mediterranean class Egg type (high egg production white eggs) Small body Light breeds Leghorn Ancona

English class Breeds that originated from United Kingdom and Australia Meat type (Ex : Sussex, Cornish) Heavy breeds Faster growth Australop Sussex Cornish (Dual purpose)

American class Originated from Canada or United States Dual type Heavy breeds Lay brown eggs New hampshire Plymoth Rock RIR

Asiatic class Originated from China Light breeds Low production Not suitable for commercial purpose Cochin Brahma

1. Belgian red Rabbit Breeds Fancy breed of domestic rabbit Averaging 6-9 pounds in weight Has long slender body Coat color: deep red, chestnut color

2. Californian white Good meat breed Second most popular meat-producing breed in the world Weight: 7-12 pounds White body and black on feet, nose, ears and tail Has pink or red eyes

3. Flemish giant One of the largest breed of domestic rabbits Has long body and powerful with relatively broad hind quarters Used for meat

4. New Zealand white Most popular for meat production Eyes are pink or red

Angora

Classification Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Chordata Order : Artiodactyla Family : Bovidae Genus : Ovis Species : Ovis aries Sheep Breeds

1. Jaffna local Indigenous breed Color : variable black, brown and white Resistance to disease

Origin: India Bannur Coat colour: White with brown head and neck Body weight: male = 30-35 kg, female = 25 kg Lambing rate: 1 lamb/year Suitable for meat

Bikaneri Origin: India Coat colour: White body with brown or black face Body wt.: male = 35-65 kg, female = 25-40 kg Lambing rate: 1 lamb/year Wool - suitable for carpets

Red madras Origin: India Coat colour: Brown Mature body wt.: male = 30-45 kg, female = 20-30 kg Lambing rate: 1 lamb/year

Dorset Origin: England Coat colour: White with brown head and neck Mature body weight: male = 80-100 kg, female = 60-75 kg Lambing rate: 1.4-1.6 lamb/year

Southdown Origin: England Coat colour: Gray or light brown Body weight: male = 80-90 kg, female = 60 kg Lambing rate: 1.2-1.5 lamb/year

Swine Breeds Classify into 3 groups Bacon type Large White, Landrace Pork type Middle White, Berkshire Dual type Duroc, Large Black

Originated in UK Large White Erect ears Bacon type Litter size = 11 Good mother, good milker Use as females in crossing

Originated in Denmark Droopy ears Litter size = 11 piglets Good mother Bacon type Less black fat Landrace

Middle White Native to UK A short nose that makes it ideally is suited for grazing Meat - outstanding eating qualities with a good taste and flavour

Originated in UK Berkshire Short head, curved face Erect ears Litter size = 9 Pork type

Duroc Originated in USA Dual purpose Good muscle quality Low back fat Poor mothering ability Litter size = 9-10 Good meat type

Large Black A large swine breed Native to British Entirely black Foraging ability Useful for extensive farming

Local Domesticated wild type Smaller Dark colour Early Sexual maturity Litter size = 3-6

Wild Boar Small in size Hardy, ferocious Genetic potential - high Less fat content Devastating animal

Miscellaneous Poultry Species

Breeds White Holland Blue slate Spanish Black Naraganset Bourbon red Royal palm