Alliance pour une politique de bon usage.et contre le developpement des bactéries multi-résistantes ( ACdeBMR)

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Transcription:

Alliance pour une politique de bon usage.et contre le developpement des bactéries multi-résistantes ( ACdeBMR) Jean CARLET Consultant pour l OMS Président de ACdeBMR

K.pneumoniae: Proportion of Invasive Cephalo-3 Resistant Isolates, 2009 Source: EARS-Net 2010 The symbols and indicate a significant increasing or decreasing trend for the period 2006-2009

Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to carbapenems. EARS-net ECDC 2010

Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to carbapenems. EARSS-net ECDC 2010

Eurobact study Tabah A, Timsit JF 20 most frequent pathogens during bacteremia Acinetobacter baumannii Staphylococcus coagulase neg Klebsiella pneumoniae 130 Pseudomonas 127 Staphylococcus aureus 105 Escherichia coli 92 Enterococcus faecium 68 Enterococcus faecalis 60 Candida albicans 51 Enterobacter cloacae 41 Candida non albicans 37 Staphylococcus sp 30 Burkholderia cepacia 25 Serratia marcescens 24 Streptococcus sp. 22 Enterobacter aerogenes 20 Proteus mirabilis 17 Enterobacter sp. 12 Bacteroides fragilis 11 Klebsiella oxytocca 9 8 143 157

Total outpatient antibiotic use (J01), 32 countries, 2009 ESAC 40 38.6 DID Other J01 classes (J01B+J01G+J01R+J01X) 35 Sulfonamides and trimethoprim (J01E) Quinolones (J01M) DDD per 1000 inhabitants and per day 30 25 20 15 10 5 Median=19.0 DID Macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramins (J01F) Tetracyclines (J01A) Cephalosporins and other beta-lactams (J01D) Penicillins (J01C) 0.2% 10.2 DID 0 GRCY*FR IT LU BE SK PL PT IL MT HR IE LT*ES** IS BG CZ FI UK HU DK AT NO DE SI SE RU NL EE LV RO 25.5% 28.7% * Cyprus, Lithuania: total use, including the hospital sector. ** Spain: reimbursement data, does not include over-the-counter sales without prescription. 66.0% 6

Pre ESVAC data. Published sales data retrieved from national reports for 2007 (Germany 2005) and normalized for biomass at risk 10 fold differences Grave et al., J Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 2010, 65, 2037-2040. Criticised for not taking into account Differences in dosing between the various substances All animals species at risk of being treated (e.g. horses, sheep and goat) Biomass animals transported to other countries for fattening or slaughter

Alliance contre le developpement des bactéries multi-résistantes ( ACdeBMR) Assiciation loi 1901, créée en 2011 370 membres, dont 80 médecins étrangers Multidisciplinaire, multiprofessionnelle ( Medecins, vétérinaires, pharmaciens, spécialistes environnement, députés ) Forte participation des usagers ( LIEN, CISS, Patients for patient safety-oms, ADVIN- Quebec) Soutenu par 51 sociétés savantes, ou groupes professionnels

Campagne d information «Citoyens et antibiotiques» Inpes Professionnels de santé et usagers sont tous deux concernés par la prescription: traiter les patients comme ses proches Limiter les AB aux infections bactériennes: tests diagnostiques. Place prépondérante des virus Intensifier la campagne de la CNAM Campagne simultanée sur hygiène et transmission croisée

Rationaliser l acte de prescription: mesures structurelles Ville et hôpital, homme et animal Renforcer le rôle des médecins référents (Statut, ratio, décret) Réseaux régionaux ville hôpital. Astreintes téléphoniques Informatisation du dossier médical Outils d aide à la prescription ( antibio-clic) Réserver l usage de certains AB à l homme AB au patrimoine mondial de l UNESCO

Rationaliser la prescription: Mesures structurelles (suite) Limiter les prescriptions animales de Céphalosporines et quinolones : Ref 26 Pb de la prescription/délivrance : Ref 29 Directives européennes Thême prioritaire de DPC Valorisation dans le cadre du PalP Projet E bug: formation dans les écoles

Rationaliser la prescription Mesures techniques Liste d antibiotiques protégés Role majeur des référents Séniorisation de la prescription AB à faible impact écologique Réduction des durées de traitement Ré-évaluation systématique à J2/J3 Délivrance de la quantité exacte d AB Ordonnances dédiées pour céphalosporines et quinolones, en ville

Prevenir la transmission croisée Péril fécal Désinfection des mains( HRAS) Search and destroy ( isolement pré-emptif) Précautions standard Hygiène dans les locaux d élevage Effluents et stations d épuration Recherche de BMR dans l eau et les aliments Dosages antibiotiques ( eau et aliments)

Antibiotiques Contamination de l environnement Antibiotiques dans l environnement Animaux Élevage BMR / AB Humains Environnement - Nappes phréatiques - Rivières -Lacs -Bactéries - Gènes de résistance Effluents Eau potable Eau propre Sols Plantes Arbres Stations d épuration Boues Épandage

Evaluation du programme Objectif: baisse de 30% de la consommation antibiotique en 3 ans Objectif résistance 1% pour pneumocoque R 10% pour SARM 10% pour coli BLSE Rares et épidémiques pour ERV et carbapenemases

CONCLUSIONS La résistance des bactéries aux antibiotiques est un problème majeur de santé publique, qui menace l espèce humaine Les antibiotiques sont à traiter comme des médicaments «à part» car leur cible est VIVANTE. Ils doivent être protégés activement ( espèce en voie de disparition, développement durable) Mode de prescription spécifique, professionnalisé, et controlé Les mesures concernent également la médecine vétérinaire, et l agriculture