MICRO-ORGANISMS by COMPANY PROFILE 2017 1
SAPROPHYTES AND PATHOGENES SAPROPHYTES Not dangerous PATHOGENES Inducing diseases Have to be eradicated
WHERE ARE THERE? EVERYWHERE COMPANY PROFILE 2017 3
MICROORGANISMS INVISIBLE ELECTRONIC MICROSCOPE OPTICAL MICROSCOPE HUMAN EYE Atom Amino acid Protein Virus Bacteria Cell Ant
3 ESSENTIAL CONDITIONS Temperature Humidity Organic matter 4
MICROORGANISMS EVERYWHERE
HUMANS CARRY GERMS A big source of microorgansims Nose-throat (secret) 10 6-10 7 /ml Mouth (Saliva) 10 6-10 7 /ml Skin (back) 5 x 10 2-10 3 /cm2 Stomach 10 3-10 5 /g Rektal ca. 10 11 /g (10-20% of feces) Skinhead 1.5 x 10 6 /cm2 Skin (front) 0.2 x 10 6 / cm 2 Centers of sweet (armpit) 2.4 x 10 6 /cm 2 Hand 10 3-6 x 10 3 /cm 2 Genitals (Urin) 0 - < 10 3 /ml Feet 10 2-10 3 /cm 2 COMPAY PROFILE 2017
RISKS ARE MULTIPLE SEASONAL Rotavirus Norovirus Parvovirus Clostridium ACCIDENTAL Tuberculosis Leprosy Typhus Plague Tetanus Cholera PERMANENT Staphylococcus a. Escherichia c. Pseudomonas a. Streptococcus Enterococcus 8
ORO-FECAL TRANSMISSION Bad or no disinfection leads to severe diseases Urogenital infections, septicemia... diarrhea, meningitis, gastroenteritis,
WHO IS GUILTY?
MICROORGANISMS Targeted microorganisms Bacterias Virus Fungi Spores Are all microorganisms a threat? Saprophytic Germs present in the environment, feed from environmental organic matter Commensal germs = human specific Some are opportunistic pathogens Pathogens Germs infecting Pathogen a host to cause a disease
BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS Blood, excrements, urine, sweat, saliva HIGH RISK of CROSS CONTAMINATION in critical environment
WHAT RISKS? Cutaneous transmission Mucous membrane transmission Aerosols breathing Digestive faecal and oral ways Blood transmission
SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION No mask no glasses Hands poor disinfection No ambiant al fumigation Bad disinfection procedure
LEGIONELLA SOURCE
BE RISKY OR NOT RISKY
IN ANY CASE THERE ARE CONSEQUENCES
NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS
1 9 GERMS ARE SILENT They don t warn
RISKS OF A POOR DISINFECTION Death, amputation or illness of a victim (patient) Claim and trial procedure against the responsible Bad press releases Bad reputation, loss of customers and employments Degradation of goods Multi-resistance of germs Health department inspection Conviction for professional fault
SPREAD OF MICROORGANISMS A visually clean surface/hand is NOT germ-free Germs transmission is mainly by HAND CONTACT Healthy carrier ( patient / staff / visitor) CROSS- CONTAMINATION
SPREAD OF MICROORGANISMS Contamination is INVISIBLE, EASY TO OCCUR and FAST
SPREAD OF MICROORGANISMS A visually clean surface/hand is NOT germ-free Germs transmission is mainly by HAND CONTACT ALIVE, waiting favourable conditions to grow What are favourable conditions? Nutrients Moisture Temperature Escherichia coli (bacteria): - doubling time = 20 minutes - 1 bacteria more than 280 000 000 000 000 bacterias after 16 hours (overnight incubation)
SPREAD OF MICROORGANISMS A visually clean surface/hand is NOT germ-free Germs transmission is mainly by HAND CONTACT ALIVE, waiting favourable conditions to grow Risk of healthcare-associated infection Weak immune system (sick, surgery )
HEALTHCARE ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS: the problem of antimicrobial resistance «Antimicrobial resitance is TODAY S REALITY everywhere in the world, COMPROMISING our ability to cure common infections» (WHO, Antimicrobial resistance, Global report on Surveillance, 2014) Extended spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae Methicillin-resitant Staphylococcus aureus Vancomycin-resistant enterococci Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae
ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae
ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE: Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae
ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE: Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Number of cases involving CREs in France (January 2004 September 2015)
ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE: Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae - 30 years of antibiotic DISCOVERY VOID - Antibiotics MISUSE - Carbapenem = antibiotic of LAST RESORT to kill multiresistant microorganisms - Risk of THERAPEUTIC DEAD-END with inefficient antibiotics
MICROORGANISMS Invisible AND everywhere ALIVE on surfaces and hands, waiting favourable growing conditions Contamination is INVISIBLE, EASY TO OCCUR and FAST Transmission is mainly by HAND CONTACTS Risk of HEALTHCARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS with antimicrobial resistance Hygiene = prevention of infectious risk transmission
WHAT IS DISINFECTION? «A process that eliminates UNDESIRABLE microorganisms on INANIMATE objects, to ELIMINATE the transmission of infections» UNDESIRABLE microorganisms = pathogens + some commensals (specific list for each application) Achieved disinfection eliminates biological risk in a SPECIFIC SITUATION Reduction of microbial load sterilization (elimination of all life forms)
LEVELS OF DISINFECTION Strong Weak Bacterial spores (Clostridium difficile) Mycobacterias (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) Targeted microorganisms Small non-enveloped viruses (Polioviruses) Gram negative bacterias (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) Fungi (Candida albicans) Bacterias Virus Large non-enveloped viruses (Adenoviruses) Gram positive bacterias (Staphylococcus aureus) Enveloped viruses (HIV) Fungi Spores Low Intermediate High Disinfection levels
PREVENTION OF MICROORGANISMS SPREAD Surface/Instruments disinfection Hand disinfection CROSS- CONTAMINATION