TRANSACTIONS AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY RESEARCH ARTICLE The genus Phyllomyza Fallén (Diptera, Milichiidae) from China, with descriptions of five new species YUQIANG XI & DING YANG [YQX, DY] Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China Email: yuqiangxi2012@126.com (YQX); dyangcau@126.com, dyangcau@aliyun.com (DY). (DY: corresponding author) TAES 141: 44-55 ISSO 0002-8320 http://taes.entomology-aes.org/ ABSTRACT The following five species of the genus Phyllomyza Fallén from China are described as new to science: Phyllomyza emeishanensis sp. nov., Phyllomyza latustigenis sp. nov., Phyllomyza planipalpis sp. nov., Phyllomyza tibetensis sp. nov. and Phyllomyza dicrana sp. nov. A key to the known species of Phyllomyza from China is presented. Key words. Diptera, Milichiidae, Phyllomyza, new species, China INTRODUCTION The genus Phyllomyza Fallén was established by Fallén in 1810. It belongs to the subfamily Phyllomyzinae of the family Milichiidae and most species are characterized by the following characteristics: three lateroclinate orbital setae; occiput not strongly concave in dorsal view; palpus and first flagellomere in male usually greatly enlarged, longer than broad; lunule usually with a pair of setae (Brake 2000). Phyllomyza is distributed globally with exception of the Neotropical region, with 38 known species of which 15 species are distributed in the Palaearctic Region and 18 species in the Oriental Region. The major references dealing with the Palaearctic and Oriental species of the genus Phyllomyza are as follows: Brake 2000; Hennig 1937, 1967; Iwasa 2003; Malloch 1914a; Papp 1976, 1984; Papp & Wheeler 1998; Xi & Yang 2013; Yang 1998. Larvae of some Phyllomyza are saprophagous and live in decaying plants, and others have been reared from nests of ants (Donisthorpe 1927; Sabrosky 1983). Adults of some species are kleptoparasites; adults can be collected in open landscapes, such as steppes or meadows, in wadis, at the edges of forests, inside forests, in the forest canopy, in stables or houses, or even in caves (Brake 2000; Sivinski & Stowe 1980). Adults are often collected more commonly than larvae, sweep net and Malaise traps have been the most successful collection methods. The Chinese species were reviewed with nine known species, of which four species were distributed in Taiwan (Hendel 1914; Malloch 1914b; Yang 1998; Xi & Yang 2013). In the present paper, five species of the genus from China are described as new to science. Key to the known species of Phyllomyza from China is presented. MATERIALS AND METHODS Types are deposited in the Entomological Museum of China Agricultural University, Beijing (CAU). Terms used for adult structures follow those of McAlpine (1981) and Brake (2000). The following abbreviations are used: asc = apical scutellar seta(e), bsc = basal scutellar seta(e), dc = dorsocentral seta(e), h = humeral seta(e), ia = intraalar seta(e), kepsts = katepisternal seta(e), npl = notopleural seta(e), pa = postalar seta(e), pos = postsutural seta(e), ppl = propleura seta(e), prs = presutural seta(e), prsc = prescutellar seta(e), sa = supraalar seta(e), S = sternite, T = tergite. Publication date: 5 May 2015 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:88d7b837-e4db-4dce-bc6a-9338975e05cb
45 PHYLLOMYZA OF CHINA TAXONOMY Key to species (males) of Phyllomyza from China 1 Palpus almost bare, without setulae...2 Palpus with short setulae at tip and ventral side...4 2 Palpus yellow, protruding, but not much broadened, 4.5 times as long as wide........... P. luteipalpus Palpus black, much protruding (stretched forward more prominent) and broadened......3 3 Palpus very long, 1.5 times as long as height of head, parallel-sided; halter black, yellowish at base... P. nudipalpus Palpus broad, 2 times as long as wide, leafshaped, tapering to apex; halter yellow......... P. dilatata 4 Halter orange brown; cercus with ventral appendix.........................p. epitacta Halter yellowish white; cercus lacking ventral appendix.................................. 5 5 Palpus length 0.2 mm, pointed apically; first flagellomere hammer-shaped....... P. claviconis Palpus inflated, blunted apically; first flagellomere approximately circular... 6 6 M 1 between r-m and dm-cu as long as dm-cu....7 M 1 between r-m and dm-cu longer than dmcu......................................... 8 7 Vibrissal angle relatively flat in lateral view; gena narrow, approximately one-eleventh of eye height; palpus long, 5 times as long as wide.... P. angustigenis Vibrissal angle relatively acute in lateral view; gena relatively broad, approximately oneseventh of eye height; palpus long,.7 times as long as wide................. P. euthyipalpis 8 M 1 between r-m and dm-cu at least 1.5 times longer than dm-cu......................... 9 M 1 between r-m and dm-cu less than 1.2 times longer than dm-cu... 11 9 Vibrissa located at level of lower eye margin.... P. clavellata Vibrissa located below level of lower eye margin...10 10 Gena approximately one-seventh of eye height; knob of halter yellowish; surstylus with upper blade of bifurcated tip extremely enlarged and apical margin flat and blunt, lower one longer (Fig. 11)..................... P. emeishanensis sp. nov. Gena approximately one-fifth of eye height; knob of halter with upper half white and lower half dark brown; surstylus with upper blade of bifurcated tip swollen and blunt at tip, lower one shorter (Fig. 12)................. P. latustigenis sp. nov. 11 First flagellomere irregularly circular... 12 First flagellomere irregularly trapezoid...... P. dicrana sp. nov. 12 Vibrissal angle relatively acute, its tip less than 60 degree angle...p. cuspigera Vibrissal angle flat and blunt... 13 13 Palpus wide, knife-shaped, 2.6 times longer than wide; knob of halter with upper half brownish and lower half dark brown...........p. planipalpis sp. nov. Palpus basally wide and apically narrowed; knob of halter with upper half yellow and under half yellowish... P. tibetensis sp. nov. Phyllomyza emeishanensis sp. nov. Figs. 1, 6, 11, 16 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1d62ca87-5188-452c-b633- E9EE7C70408D Diagnosis Gena approximately oneseventh of eye height. Surstylus with upper blade of bifurcated tip extremely swollen and apical margin flat and blunt, lower blade longer than
XI AND YANG 46 upper one, thin and with sharp tip. Description Male. Body length 2.8 mm; wing length 2.5 mm. Head black with grayish microtomentum; orbital plate shiny black, with microtomentum, ocellar triangle blackish without microtomentum; lunule strap-shaped, dark brown. Posterior eye margin ventrally diverging from head margin; eye 1.4 times as high as long, gena approximately oneseventh of eye height. Setae and setulae on head black; ocellar triangle with 2 ocellar setae and 3 short setae; frons with 3 orbital and 2 frontal setae on dark brown orbital stripe, orbital setae lateroclinate and frontal setae medioclinate, 6 interfrontal setae; postocellar setae cruciate. Lunule with 2 setae. Vibrissal angle relatively flat; vibrissa strong, located below level of lower eye margin. Antenna dark brown with microtomentum; pedicel with black setulae at middle and margin, setulae at margin longer than others, longest one about 3.5 times longer than others; first flagellomere with pubescence, irregularly circular; arista 2.5 times as long as first flagellomere, black, distinctly pubescent. Proboscis slender, grayish white at apical half and the rest blackish, with sparse black setulae. Palpus straight with blunt apex in lateral view, 3.5 times as wide as apex at posterior 2/3, anterior 1/3 gradually narrowed; dark brown with short dense black pubescence, margin with short sparse setulae. Thorax dark brown with grey microtomentum, except mesonotum shiny black with sparse black microtomentum; scutellum dark brown with gray microtomentum. Setae and setulae on thorax black; 1 h, 2 dc, 1 prsc, 2 npl, 1 prs, 1 pos, 1sa, 1 pa, 1 ia, 1 kepsts (a row of setulae at forward position); scutellum 1.3 times wider than long, with pair of asc and bsc, asc 3 times longer than bsc. Legs slender, coxae and femora dark brown, tibiae dark yellow except hind tibia dark brown, tarsi yellowish. Setae and setulae on legs black, mid tibia with 1 black preapical dorsal seta. Wing hyaline, unspotted; veins brown; Sc strong; M 1 between r-m and dm-cu longer than dm-cu. Calpter yellowish, with dense brownish microtrichae, margin with black setulae. Knob of halter yellowish. Abdomen brown with gray microtomentum. Setae and setulae on abdomen black; T2-T5 with long setae at posterior margin; sternites with sparse setulae. Posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 weak; S2 generally triangular, S3 and S4 generally subquadrate, S5 rectangular, with a membraneous pocket. Male genitalia: epandrium with strong black setae at middle; upper blade of bifurcated tip of surstylus extremely swollen and apical margin flat and blunt, lower blade longer than upper one, thin and with sharp tip; cercus with short sparse setae. Female. Unknown. Types Holotype male,china, Sichuan: Emeishan, 2012. VI 10, Xiao Zhang. Paratypes 2 males, CHINA, Tibet: Motuo, Beibeng, 2013. IX. 16, Gang Yao. Distribution China (Sichuan, Tibet). Remarks This species is similar to Phyllomyza clavellata Xi et Yang, but differs in the eye 1.4 times as high as long, vibrissal angle relatively flat, knob of halter yellowish, M 1 between r-m and dm-cu at least 1.5 times longer than dm-cu (Xi & Yang 2013). Etymology The specific name, emeishanensis, is derived from the type locality. Phyllomyza latustigenis sp. nov. Figs. 2, 7, 12, 17 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:09574dce-de6c-4197-adfc- 0213375EC385 Diagnosis Gena approximately onefifth of eye height. Surstylus with upper blade of bifurcated tip swollen and apically blunt, lower one shorter and sharp. Description Male. Body length 1.8 mm; wing length 1.7 mm. Head black brown with grayish microtomentum; orbital plate subshiny black, with microtomentum; ocellar triangle dark without microtomentum; lunule strap-shaped, brownish black. Posterior eye margin ventrally diverging from head margin; eye 1.4 times as high as long, gena approximately one-fourth of eye height. Setae and setulae on head black; ocellar triangle with 2 ocellar setae and 3 short setae; frons with 3 orbital and 2 frontal setae on dark brown orbital stripe, orbital setae lateroclinate
47 PHYLLOMYZA OF CHINA and frontal setae medioclinate; 4 interfrontal setae; postocellar setae cruciate. Lunule with 2 short setae. Vibrissal angle relatively rectangular; vibrissa strong, located below level of lower eye margin. Antenna blackish brown with microtomentum; pedicel with black setulae at middle and margin, setulae at margin longer than others, longest one about 2.5 times longer than others; first flagellomere with pubescence, almost being the same length and width; arista 3.5 times as long as first flagellomere, black, distinctly pubescent. Proboscis geniculate, dark yellow, with short sparse setulae. Palpus flat in lateral view, 4.5 times longer than wide; dark brown with short dense black pubescence, margin with short sparse setulae. Thorax dark brown with grey microtomentum, except mesonotum shiny black with sparse black microtomentum; scutellum dark brown with gray microtomentum. Setae and setulae on thorax black; 1 h, 2 dc, 1 prsc, 2 npl, 1 prs, 1 pos, 1 ia, 1sa, 1 pa, 1 ppl, 1 kepsts (a row of setulae at forward position); scutellum 2 times wider than long, with pair of asc and bsc, asc 3 times longer than bsc. Legs slender, coxae and femora dark brown, tibiae yellow except hind tibia dark brown, tarsi yellowish. Setae and setulae on legs black. Mid tibia with 1 black preapical dorsal seta. Wing hyaline, unspotted; veins brown; Sc weak; M 1 between r-m and dmcu longer than dm-cu. Calpter yellowish, with yellowish microtrichae, margin with brownish setulae. Knob of halter with upper half white and lower half dark brown. Abdomen dark brown with gray microtomentum except T1 dark yellow. Setae and setulae on abdomen black; T2-T5 with setae at posterior 3/4, marginal setae longer than others; sternites with sparse setulae. Posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 strong; S2 wider than long, S3 rectangular, two times longer than wide, S4 trapezoid, S5 generally saddleshaped. Male genitalia: epandrium with strong black setae at middle; surstylus with upper blade of bifurcated tip swollen and apically blunt, lower one short and sharp at tip; cercus arched with short sparse setae. Female. Unknown. Types Holotype male,china, Neimenggu: Ke erqinyouyihouqi, Daqinggou, 2012. VII. 31, Yang Li. Distribution China (Neimenggu). Remarks This species is similar to Phyllomyza mongolica Papp, but differs in the gena very wide, the upper blade of bifurcated of surstylus wider and linger than the lower one, the upper blade of bifurcated more enlarged and the apical slightly sharp (Papp 1976). Etymology. The specific name refers to the gena very wide, approximately one-fourth of eye height. Phyllomyza planipalpis sp. nov. Figs. 3, 8, 13, 18 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1dd0dd35-1d15-4e20-a918- BAC634F296B6 Diagnosis Gena narrowed, approximately one-tenth of eye height. Surstylus with upper blade of bifurcated tip swollen and lower one smaller than upper one. Description Male. Body length 1.3 mm; wing length 1.4 mm. Head black with grayish microtomentum; orbital plate subshiny black, with microtomentum, ocellar triangle dark without microtomentum; lunule strap-shaped, dark brown. Posterior eye margin ventrally diverging from head margin; eye 1.6 times as high as long, gena approximately one-tenth of eye height. Setae and setulae on head black; ocellar triangle with 2 ocellar setae and 3 short setae; frons with 3 orbital and 2 frontal setae on dark yellow orbital stripe, orbital setae lateroclinate and frontal setae medioclinate, 3 interfrontal setae; postocellar setae cruciate; lunule with 2 short setae. Vibrissal angle relatively blunt; vibrissa strong, located at level of lower eye margin. Antenna blackish brown with microtomentum; pedicel with black setulae at middle and margin, two longer setae, longest one about 2.5 times longer than the other one, about 6 times longer than others; first flagellomere with pubescence, irregularly circular; arista 4.5 times as long as first flagellomere, black, distinctly pubescent. Proboscis yellowish, with short sparse black setulae. Palpus wide knife-shaped in lateral
XI AND YANG 48 view, 2.6 times longer than wide; dark brown with short dense black pubescence, margin with short sparse setulae. Thorax yellowish brown with grey microtomentum, except mesonotum shiny black with sparse black microtomentum; scutellum dark brown with gray microtomentum. Setae and setulae on thorax black; 1 h, 2 dc, 1 prsc, 2 npl, 1 prs, 1 sa, 1 pa, 1 ppl, 1 ia, 1 kepsts (a row of setulae at forward position); scutellum 1.5 times wider than long, with pair of asc and bsc, asc 3 times longer than bsc. Legs slender, coxae and femora dark brown, tibiae yellow except hind tibia dark brown at basal 1/2, tarsi yellowish. Setae and setulae on legs black. Mid tibia with 1 black preapical dorsal seta. Wing hyaline, unspotted; veins brown; Sc strong; M 1 between r-m and dm-cu longer than dm-cu. Calpter yellowish, with brown microtrichae, margin with blackish setulae. Knob of halter with upper half brownish and lower half dark brown. Abdomen brownish yellow with gray microtomentum except T1 and T2 dark yellow. Setae and setulae on abdomen black; T2-T5 with setae at posterior 3/4, marginal setae longer than others; sternite with sparse setulae. Posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 strong; S2 and S3 rectangular, S4 and S5 generally square. Male genitalia: epandrium with strong black setae at middle; surstylus with upper blade of bifurcated tip swollen, lower one slightly swollen and smaller than upper one. Female. Unkown. Types Holotype male,china, Tibet: Motuo, Beibeng, 2012. VII. 26, Xuankun Li. Paratypes 3 males, CHINA, Tibet: Motuo, Beibeng, 2013. IX. 17, Gang Yao. Distribution China (Tibet). Remarks This new species is somewhat similar to Phyllomyza securicornis Fallén, but differs in the surstylus with the upper blade of the bifurcated tip swollen, the lower one slightly swollen and smaller than the upper one. In Phyllomyza securicornis, the surstylus has the upper blade of the bifurcated tip swollen and the apical margin flat, the lower one shorter and thin (Iwasa 2003). Etymology The specific name refers to the palpus wide, knife-shaped, 2.6 times longer than wide. Phyllomyza tibetensis sp. nov. Figs. 4, 9, 14, 19 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:50918408-9cf0-4b21-9e9a- D7FCAB6FAC19 Diagnosis Gena approximately oneeighth of eye height. Surstylus without blades of bifurcated tip, apical margin flat and blunt Description Male. Body length 1.3 mm; wing length 1.4 mm. Head black with grayish micromentum; orbital plate subshiny black, with microtomentum; ocellar triangle dark without microtomentum; lunule strap-shaped, blackish brown. Posterior eye margin ventrally diverging from head margin; eye 1.3 times as high as long, gena approximately one-eighth of eye height. Setae and setulae on head black; ocellar triangle with 2 ocellar setae and 3 short setae; frons with 3 orbital and 2 frontal setae on dark yellow orbital stripe, orbital setae lateroclinate and frontal setae medioclinate, 3 interfrontal setae; postocellar setae converging. Lunule with 2 short setae. Vibrissal angle relatively flat; vibrissa strong, located at level of lower eye margin. Antenna blackish brown with microtomentum; pedicel with black setulae at middle and margin, setulae at margin longer than others, longest one about 3 times longer than others; first flagellomere with pubescence, irregularly circular, apically wider; arista 3.5 times as long as first flagellomere, black, distinctly pubescent. Proboscis dark yellow, with short sparse black setulae. Palpus basally wide and apically narrowed in lateral view, 2 times longer than wide at base; dark brown with short dense black pubescence, margin with short sparse setulae. Thorax yellowish brown with gray microtomentum, except mesonotum shiny black with sparse black microtomentum; scutellum dark brown with gray microtomentum. Setae and setulae on thorax black; 1 h, 2 dc, 1 prsc, 2 npl, 1 prs, 1 sa, 1 ppl, 1 ia, 1 kepsts (a row of setulae at forward position); scutellum 1.5 times wider than long, with pair of asc and bsc, asc 3 times
49 PHYLLOMYZA OF CHINA longer than bsc. Legs slender, coxae and femora dark brown, tibiae dark yellow except hind tibia dark brown at middle 2/3, tarsi yellowish. Setae and setulae on legs black. Mid tibiae with 1 black preapical dorsal seta. Wing hyaline, unspotted; veins brown; Sc strong; M1 between r-m and dm-cu longer than dm-cu. Calpter yellowish, with brown microtrichae, margin with blackish setulae. Knob of halter with upper half yellow and lower half yellowish. Abdomen brownish yellow with gray microtomentum except T1 and T2 yellowish dark. Setae and setulae on abdomen black; T2-T5 with setae at posterior 3/4, marginal setae longer than others; sternite with sparse black setulae. Posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 strong; S2 and S3 rectangular, S4 square, S5 arched. Male genitalia: epandrium with strong black setae at middle; surstylus darker than epandrium, with apical margin flat and blunt. Female. Unknown. Types Holotype male,china, Tibet: Motuo, Beibeng, 2012. VII. 26, Xuankun Li. Paratype 1 male, CHINA, Tibet: Motuo, Beibeng, 2013. IX. 16, Gang Yao. Distribution China (Tibet). Remarks This new species is distinctly different from other species of the genus in the surstylus without blades of bifurcated tip, its apical margin flat and blunt. Etymology The species name, tibetensis, is derived from the type locality. Phyllomyza dicrana sp. nov. Figs. 5, 10, 15, 20 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:d12d7983-2ede-497d-bc17- BAFB6C31E8DC Diagnosis Gena approximately one-sixth of eye height. Surstylus with blades of bifurcated, both blades thin and short, the upper blade a little longer than the lower one. Description Male. Body length 1.4 mm; wing length 1.3 mm. Head blackish yellow with grayish microtomentum; orbital plate subshiny black, with microtomentum, ocellar triangle dark without microtomentum; lunule strap-shaped, yellowish brown. Posterior eye margin ventrally diverging from head margin; eye 1.2 times as high as long, gena approximately one-sixth of eye height. Setae and setulae on head black; ocellar triangle with 2 ocellar setae and 3 short setae; frons with 3 orbital and 2 frontal setae on brownish yellow orbital stripe, orbital setae lateroclinate and frontal setae medioclinate, 4 interfrontal setae; postocellar setae cruciate. Lunule with 2 short setae. Vibrissal angle relatively obtuse angle; vibrissa strong, located at level of lower eye margin. Antenna blackish brown with microtomentum; pedicel with black setulae at middle and margin, setulae at margin longer than others, two longer setae, longest one about 2 times longer than the other one, about 5.5 times longer than the others; first flagellomere with pubescence, irregularly trapezoid; arista 6 times as long as first flagellomere, black, distinctly pubescent. Proboscis short and fold, dark yellow, with sparse black setulae. Palpus short and slightly curved upward in lateral view, 2.6 times longer than wide; dark yellow with short dense black pubescence, margin with sparse setulae. Thorax brownish yellow with grey microtomentum, except mesonotum shiny black with sparse black microtomentum; scutellum dark brown with gray microtomentum. Setae and setulae on thorax black; 1 h, 2 dc, 2 prsc, 2 npl, 1 prs, 1 sa, 1 pa, 1 ppl, 1 ia, 1 kepsts (a row of setulae at forward position); scutellum 2.5 times wider than long, with pair of asc and bsc, asc 3 times longer than bsc. Legs slender, coxae and femora dark brown, tibiae yellow except hind tibia 2/3 with dark brown, tarsi yellowish. Setae and setulae on legs black. Mid tibia with 1 black preapical dorsal seta. Wing hyaline, unspotted; veins brown; Sc weak; M 1 between r-m and dmcu a little longer than dm-cu. Calpter yellowish, with brown microtrichae, margin with yellowish setulae. Knob of halter dark yellow. Abdomen brownish yellow with gray microtomentum except T1 and T2 dark yellowish. Setae and setulae on abdomen black; T2-T5 with setae at posterior 3/4, marginal setae longer than others; sternites with sparse setulae. Posteromedial triangular projection of T1 into T2 strong; S2 and S3 rectangular, S4 and S5 square.
XI AND YANG 50 Male genitalia: epandrium with strong black setae at middle, surstylus dark brown, both blades of bifurcated tip thin and short, the upper blade a little longer than the lower one. Female. Unknown. Types Holotype male,china, Chongqing: Liangping, Dahebashuiku, 2012. VIII. 10, Liang Wang. Paratypes, 1 male, CHINA, Yunnan: Yingjiang, Nabang, 2012. V. 3, Yuanye Liu; 1 male, CHINA, Yunnan: Baoshan, Dahaoping, 2012. V. 11, Yuanye Liu. Distribution China (Chongqing, Yunnan). Remarks This new species is somewhat similar to Phyllomyza amamiensis Iwasa, but differs in the surstylus with the upper blade of bifurcated tip slightly longer and the lower one shorter, both blades of the bifurcated tip thin. In Phyllomyza amamiensis, the mesonotum has 4 dc; the surstylus is protruded posteriorly, both blades of the bifurcated tip are slightly swollen (Iwasa 2003). Etymology The specific name refers to the surstylus with both blades of bifurcated tips thin and slightly sharp. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Authors expressed their sincere thanks to Mr. Xuankun Li, Mr. Gang Yao, Mr. Xiao Zhang and Ms. Yang Li (Beijing) for their kind help and collecting the specimens. The research was funded by the National Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Science & Technology Support (2012BAD19B00) and the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People s Republic of China (2012FY111100). REFERENCES Brake I (2000) Phylogenetic systematics of the Milichiidae (Diptera, Schizophora). Entomologia Scandinavica 57 (Suppl.): 1 120. Donisthorpe HSK (1927) The guests of British ants: their habits and life-histories. George Routledge & Sons, London. p. 244. Hendel F (1914) H. Sauter s Formosa-Ausbeute. Acalyptrate Musciden (Dipt.). III. Supplementa Entomologica 3: 90 117. Hennig W (1937) Milichiidae et Carnidae. In: Lindner, E. (ed.). Die Fliegen der Palaearktischen Region 6 (1): 1 91. Schweizerbart, Stuttgart. Hennig W (1967) Neue Acalyptratae aus dem Baltischen Bernstein. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde 175: 1 27. Iwasa M (2003) The genus Phyllomyza Fallén (Diptera: Milichiidae) from Japan, with descriptions of four new species. Entomological Science 6: 281 288. Malloch JR (1914a) A synopsis of the genera of Agromyzidae, with descriptions of new genera and species. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 46: 127 154. Malloch JR (1914b) Formosan Agromyzidae. Annales Historico-Naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici 12: 306 336. McAlpine JF (1981) Morphology and terminology - adults. In: McAlpine JF, Peterson BV, Shewell GE, Teskey HJ, Vockeroth JR, Wood DM, (coord.). Manual of Nearctic Diptera. Vol. 1, Agriculture Canada Monograph 27: 9 63. Papp L (1976) Milichiidae and Carnidae (Diptera) from Mongolia. Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 22: 369 387. Papp L (1984) Family Milichiidae. In: Soós A, Papp L (eds.). Catalogue of Palaearctic Diptera, Vol. 10, Akadémiai Kaidó, Budapest. p. 110 118. Papp L, Wheeler TA (1998) In: Papp L, Darvas B (eds.). Family Milichiiae. Vol.3. Contributions to a Manual of Palaearctic Diptera, Science Herald, Budapest. p. 315 324. Sabrosky CW (1983) A synopsis of the world species of Desmometopa Loew (Diptera, Milichiidae). Contributions in American Entomologica Insects 22(8): 1 69. Sivinski J, Stowe M (1980) A kleptoparasitic cecidomyiid and other flies associated with spiders. Psyche 87: 337 348. Xi YQ, Yang D (2013) Four new species of Phyllomyza Fallén from China (Diptera, Milichiidae). Zootaxa 3718 (6): 575 582. Yang CK (1998) In: Shen XC, Shi ZY (1998) The family Milichiidae new to Henan, with description of a new species (Diptera: Acalyptratae). Fauna and Taxonomy of Insects in Henan. Vol. 2. China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, Beijing. p.
Insects in Henan. Vol. 2. China Agricultural Science and Technology Press, Beijing. p. 95 96. XI AND YANG 51
52 PHYLLOMYZA OF CHINA Figs. 1 5. Head, lateral view (male). 1. Phyllomyza emeishanensis sp. nov.; 2. Phyllomyza latustigenis sp. nov.; 3. Phyllomyza planipalpis sp. nov.; 4. Phyllomyza tibetensis sp. nov.; 5. Phyllomyza dicrana sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
XI AND YANG Figs. 6 10. Wing (male). 6. Phyllomyza emeishanensis sp. nov.; 7. Phyllomyza latustigenis sp. nov.; 8. Phyllomyza planipalpis sp. nov.; 9. Phyllomyza tibetensis sp. nov.; 10. Phyllomyza dicrana sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.1 mm. 53
54 PHYLLOMYZA OF CHINA Figs. 11 15. Epandrium, cerci, and surstyli in posterior view (male). 11. Phyllomyza emeishanensis sp. nov.; 12. Phyllomyza latustigenis sp. nov.; 13. Phyllomyza planipalpis sp. nov.; 14. Phyllomyza tibetensis sp. nov.; 15. Phyllomyza dicrana sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
XI AND YANG 55 Figs. 16 20. Epandrium, cerci, and surstyli in lateral view (male). 16. Phyllomyza emeishanensis sp. nov.; 17. Phyllomyza latustigenis sp. nov.; 18. Phyllomyza planipalpis sp. nov.; 19. Phyllomyza tibetensis sp. nov.; 20. Phyllomyza dicrana sp. nov. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.