Reproduction in exotic birds Problems of reproduction of birds construction of breeding pair Disorders of reproduction in breed of exotic birds Winter term 2012 securing of matting and nesting - disorders of matting - disorders of laying - developement of embryos during nesting Reproduction in exotic birds Reproduction in exotic birds Determination of sex species of bird is dimorfic Eclectus King parrot Determination of sex species of bird is monomorfic laparoscopically determination of sex by using molecular biology 1
Reproduction in exotic birds Laparoscopical determinantion of sex Advantage direct visualisation of gonads by using endoscope possibility of detection other problems Disadvantage need general anestesia risk of surgical damaging posibillity of mistake in case investigation very young birds or birds in the time of period sexual rest Reproduction in exotic birds Reproduction in exotic birds 2
Reproduction in exotic birds Reproduction in exotic birds Determination of sex by using molecular biology Male ZZ Female ZW from Avian medicine: Principles and Aplication 1994 Reproduction in exotic birds Determination of sex by using molecular biology Male ZZ Female ZW Reproduction in exotic birds Diorders mechanically defend matting fracture of legs papilomatosis in amazons lipoma in male of galah 3
Fracture of tibiotarzus in female bluefronted amazona Reproduction in exotic birds Papilomatosis trouble by defecation viral etiology of disease necessary surgical treatment possibility of repeated appearance 4
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Reproduction in exotic birds Lipoma in galah tumor overgrowt of adipocyts Predisposition: - obesity - age of birds - species of parrot - budgie, cockatoo, amazons - excess of energy in diet Reproduction in exotic birds Lipoma in galah localisation: - abdomen, wings, back - can be in the body cavity solution: - in start management change of diet - in advanced cases with thoroughgoing preoperation investigement change in the liver tussue 6
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Matting Disorders of nestling in exotic birds Introduction very common problem in female of birds - budgie, cockatiel, kakariky, rosela in connection with numerous numbers of eggs in this species very often pure diet - deficite of calcium, vitamin E, selenium sometimes in females on the first nestling Disorders of nestling in exotic birds Possible problems: Chronic egg laying Egg binding and dystocia Salpingitis and metritis Oviductal impaction Oviductal rupture Egg-related Septic Peritonitis Characterization Chronic egg laying hen lays repeated clutches or larger than normal clutch size without regard to the presence of a mate or accurate breeding season. this process often physically exhausts the reproductive tract and is a serious metabolic drain, particularly on calcium stores, all of which may predispose the hen to egg binding, yolk coelomitis and osteoporosis affected species include cockatiels, finches and lovebirds 8
Therapy I Chronic egg laying focuses on stopping egg production while altering any predisposing stimuli Pharmacologic, behavioral, nutritional, environmental and surgical options are used alone or in combination depending on the needs of the individual. Medroxyprogesterone acetate, though often effective, may cause serious side effects such as polyuria/polydipsia, obesity, lethargy, hepatic lipidosis, diabetes mellitus, hepatic cirrhosis and death Therapy II Chronic egg laying Environmental stimuli should be altered, including decreasing the photoperiod to 8-10 hours of daylight per day. Nest sites, toys and other items toward which the bird has a sexual affinity should be removed from the enclosure removal of eggs from the nest should be avoided for the normal incubation period for each species to discourage the hen from laying further eggs to replace those removed Stimulatory petting such as rubbing the pelvis, dorsum and cloacal regions and kissing the beak should be avoided Feeding calorically dense diets should be avoided Egg binding and dystocia Characterization Egg binding is defined as the failure of an egg to pass through the oviduct within a normal period of time Causes of egg binding chronic egg laying oviductal muscle dysfunction secondary to excessive egg laying calcium metabolic disease malformed eggs mechanical tears or damage to the oviduct oviductal infections Causes of dystocia developing egg in the distal oviduct obstructs the cloaca oviductal torsion Egg binding and dystocia Clinical sings Depended on severity and secundary complication acute depression, abdominal straining, persistent tail wagging, a wide stance, failure to perch, abdominal distension, dyspnea, and/or sudden death most common in cockatiel, budgie and canary 9
Egg binding and dystocia Diagnosis history of nesting behavior, production of eggs clinical investigation palpation of abdomen supportive diagnostic test X- ray Ultrasound investigation of reproductive tract 10
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Egg binding and dystocia Treatment stabilisation of patients and removing of causis aplication of fluid, parenterally calcium borogluconicum prostaglandins, oxytocin past verification of clearness ovocentesis in budgie laparotomy in ventral medial linea Vica Morvay 12
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Ectopic egg Characterization egg in the shell is free in the body cavity Require surgical intervention Causes Rupture of uterus Reversion peristaltics 15
Scarlet macaw (Ara macao) 16
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Prosinec 2011 září 2012 18
Salpingitis Characterization inflamation of oviduct, mostly present yolk mass connection with previous disorders of laying 19
Yolk peritonitis Characterization terminal state of reproductive disorders presence of yolk conglobates in oviduct in the great mount 20
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Surgical method of treatment of yolk peritonitis in cockatiel 22
Yolk peritonis in Derbyan parakeet 23
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Cloacal prolapsus Hatching of eggs Follow past succesfull laying of biologically full valued fertilized eggs. naturally egg is hatched under female artificial incubation in hatchery 25
Hatching of eggs Poor quality of eggs systemic diseases of females during laying poor quality of shell d e f o r m i t e s deficite of nutrition, minerals and vitamins disruption of shell during wrong manipulation unsuitable or too long storage of eggs before incubation Hatching of eggs Problems of natural hatching wrong, inadequate sitting of female - disturbation - people, beast, rats - direct abandonment of sitting unsuitable nest - unsuitable great, material, construntion - draught - excessive moisture Incubation period of some species of parrot Hatching of eggs Species budgerigard cockatiel african grey parrot amazona macaw cockatoo Number of days 18 days 21 days 26-28 days 24-28 days 24-28 days 24-30 days Artificial incubation in hatchery using suitable and verified systems Problems with regulation of temperature and moisture in hatchery Record of value during hatching period Alternative source of power Poor hygiene and clening of hatchery between hatching 26
Hatching of eggs respecting of specific requirement of species Good lead breeder evidention Candling of eggs Hatching of eggs Nonfertilized eggs wrong constitution of breeding pair difficulties with matting infertile male Evaluation of motility of semen Evaluation of morfological changes of sperms 27
Hatching of eggs Other unhatching eggs Analyse of causis unsuccessful hatching Goal 85-90% hatchability from fertile eggs 28
Successful preparation for examination!! 29