LAMINITIS INDEX Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. Aconitum napellus, in chronic laminitis Acupuncture, in chronic laminitis management, 505-514 acupuncture points in, 506-514. See also Acupuncture points, in chronic laminitis management. concepts of, 505-506 principles of, 505-506 techniques, 506-514 Acupuncture points, in chronic laminitis management, electrostimulation, 507 for "white needling," 506 hemoacupuncture points or points for bleeding, 507 listing of, 509-510 ~-Adrenoceptor agonists, for 351 cx1adrenoceptor antagonists, for 349-350 Aguadura. See Laminitis. Anesthesia/anesthetics, for pain in chronic laminitis, 497 Anticoagulants, for developmental and acute laminitis, 353-354 Antihistamines, for developmental and acute laminitis, 351-352 Anti-inflammatory drugs, for pain in chronic lanruitritis,496-497 nonsteroidal, for developmental and acute laminitis, 355-357 Antimonium crudum, in chronic laminitis Apis mellifica, in chronic laminitis Arnica, in chronic laminitis management, 501-502 Atropa belladonna, in chronic laminitis management 502 Belladonna, in chronic laminitis Bellis perenis, in chronic laminitis Biotin, in chronic lanruitritis management, 499 Bryonia alba, in chronic lanruitritis Calcarea fluorica, in chronic laminitis Calcium fluoride, in chronic laminitis Calendula officinalis, in chronic laminitis Deep digital flexor tenotomy, for acute laminitis, 373 Diet, in chronic laminitis management, 498-499 Dietary fatty acid supplementation, for Digital displacement, versus digital instability, 452-453 Digital instability, in chronic lanruitritis, 451-453 origins of, 451-452 versus digital displacement, 452-453 Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), for 357- Distal phalanx, displacement of, 445-446 loads on, 443-445 DMSO. See Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Dysplasia(s), metabolic, in laminitis, 421-431 Electrostimulation, in chronic laminitis management, 507 517
518 INDEX Endocrine system, laminitis effects on, 485-491 Felon, defined, 301 Foot (feet), anatomy of, 363-364 evaluation, in trimming and shoeing of horse with chronic laminitis, 465 468 functions of, 364 ground reaction force to, 364-366 normal, loading of, 440-442 structure and strength of, 438-439 structural failure of. See also Laminitis, digital collapse in. biomechanical concepts critical to, 438-443 consequences of, 453-458 coronary region, 453-454 laminar interface, 456 solar surface, 454-456 subsolar regions, 456-458 mechanisms and consequences of, 437-461 Founder rings, in chronic laminitis evaluation, 380 Fourbature. See Laminitis. Gait, variations in, in laminitis, 313 Graphites, in chronic laminitis Hemoacupuncture points, in chronic laminitis management, 507 Heparin, for developmental and acute laminitis, 353-354 Herbal remedies, in chronic laminitis management, 506, 508 Homeopathy, in chronic laminitis management, 500-505 Aconitum napellus, 502 Antimonium crudum, 502 Apis mellifica, 502 arnica, 501-502 belladonna, 502 Bellis perenis, 503 Bryonia alba, 503 Calcarea fluorica, 503 Calendula officinalis, 503 concepts of, S00-501 definitions of, 500-501 graphites, 503 guidelines for administration of, 505 Nitricum acidum, 503 Nux vomica, opium, Pulsatilla Nigricans ammona, pyrogen, Rhus toxicodendron, sabina, secale, siliceous earth, 505 sulphur, 505 Hoof, anatomy of, 363-364 Hufentziindung. See Laminitis. Immune system, laminitis effects on, 491 Isoxsuprine, for developmental and acute laminitis, 353 Kidney(s), laminitis effects on, 485 Laminitis, acute, 289 causes, 314-315, 321-323 clinical history of, 314 coffin-bone displacement in, 318 complications, 315 diagnosis, 314-315 hypotheses for mechanisms of, toxic/ metabolic, 338-339 traumatic, 339-340 vascular, 324-327 clinical findings in, 336-337 clinical implications in, 337 digital circulation in, 324-326 epidermal cell damage in, 332 inflammatory response in, 334 loss of sensation and ischemia in, 333-334 reduced digital perfusion and ischemia in, 326-332 reperfusion injury in, 334-335 structural failure in, 336 mechanisms of, hypotheses for, 323-340. See also Laminitis, acute, hypotheses for mechanisms of pathophysiology, 321-343 physical examination, 315-317 predisposing factors for, 321-323 prognosis, 317-319 stance in, 311-312 therapeutic response in, 319 treatment, 363-374 pharmacologic agents in, 345-362 anticoagulants, 353-354 classification of, 347 dietary fatty acid supplementation, digital vascular perfusion promotion by, 348-353
INDEX 519 DMSO, 357- doses of, 347 metalloproteinase inhibitors, ~SPUIT)s,355-357 oxygen-radical scavengers, 357- phlebotomy, 359 regional nerve blocks, removal of primary cause by, 347-348 rheologic agents, 352-353 steroids, 357 vasoactive agents, 348-352 xylazine,359 supportive, 367-373 appliances in, 368-369 applying principles of, 371-373 cold and hot therapy in, 371 deep digital flexor tenotomy in, 373 dietary considerations in, 371 heel elevation in, 369-370 hoof wall resection in, 369 shoe removal in, 367-368 stall rest in, 367 toe beveling in, 369 as systemic disease, 481-494 basic concepts of, 287-290 cardiovascular pathologies of, 482-485 chronic, 290,375-394 basement membrane/metalloproteinases in, 429-431 cell envelope formation of, 423 clinical history of, 377-379 clinical presentation, 375-376 conditions mimicking, 376-377 control of normal hoof wall growth and metabolism in, 424-425 cyclical lameness and pain in, 378 deposition of extracellular matrix in, 424 differential diagnosis, 376-377 digital instability in, 390,451-453 digital pathologies of, 419-436 duration of disease, 377-378 gross pathologies of, 399-406 histopathology of, 409-414 clinical status correlation with, 414 416 hoof wall growth alterations during, 420-421 keratinization in, 422-423 lameness associated with, clinical scoring system of, 396 Obel scoring system grading of, 396 metabolic derangements associated with, 426-428 metabolic dysplasias in, 421-431 noxious stimuli associated with, 495 498 nutritional history in, 379 pain associated with, 495-498 treatment, 496-498 pain in, 397-399 pathologies related to, 390-391 pathophysiology, 395-417 physical assessment, 379-384 altered foot shape in, 380-381 founder rings in, 380 nerve blocks in, 379-380 seedy toe in, 383 sinking coronary band in, 382 sole in, 382 wall separation at coronet in, 381 382 prognosis, 391, 393 radiographic evaluation, 385-390 air lines and air spaces in, 388-389 capsular rotation in, 386 digital phalanx remodeling in, 389-390 dorsal hoof wall changes in, 388 hoof contracture in, 388 importance of, 385-386 phalangeal rotation in, 386-387 technical aspects of, 385-386 vertical displacement in, 387-388 radiolucent air lines and air spaces in, 406-409 rate of progression of, 378-379 sepsis in, 391, 432-434 therapeutic history in, 378 thrush in, 383 treatment, 495-516 acupuncture, 505-514. See also Acupuncture, in chronic laminitis management. antimicrobial, 498 dietary management, 498-499 herbal remedies, 506, 508 homeopathic, 500-505. See also Homeopathy, in chronic laminitis management. thyroid supplementation in, 500 trimming and shoeing of horse with, 463-480 alteration of dorsal toe in, 472 altering heel angle in, 472-473 capsular rotation in, 470-471 conformation assessment in, 466 decreasing laminar interface forces in, 472-473 evaluation prior to, 465-468 general approaches to, 465 goals of, 464-465, 468-478 increasing stability of distal phalanx in, 473-476 maximizing foot's mechanical function in, 470-472 pain source in, 466
520 INDEX Laminitis (Continued) phalangeal rotation in, 471-472 promoting normal growth and circulation by, 476-477 radiographic evaluation in, 466-468 structural integrity in, 466 unloading painful areas of foot by, 477-478 vascular insufficiencies and, 390 vascular pathologies of, 431-432 versus white line disease, 377 clinical pathology of, 482 clinical presentations, 311-313 developmental, 288-289 causes, 321-323 pathophysiology, 321-343 hypotheses for, 323-340. See also Laminitis, developmental, hypotheses for mechanisms of predisposing factors for, 321-323 treatment, pharmacologic agents in, 345-362 anticoagulants, 353-354 classification of, 347 dietary fatty acid supplementation, digital vascular perfusion promotion by, 348-353 DMSO, 357- doses of, 347 metalloproteinase inhibitors, NSAIDs, 355-357 oxygen-radical scavengers, 357- phlebotomy, 359 regional nerve blocks, removal of primary cause by, 347-348 rheologic agents, 352-353 steroids, 357 vasoactive agents, 348-352 xylazine,359 digital collapse in, 437-461, 443-447. See also Foot (feet), structural failure of clinical consequences of, 458-459 patterns of, 447-451 rotational displacement in, 448-450 vertical displacement in, 450-451 endocrinopathies associated with, 485 491 from renaissance to seventeenth century, 298-299 gait variations in, 313 historical perspectives on, 295-309 immune system effects of, 491 in Byzantium, 296-298 in Egypt, 296-298 in eighteenth century, 300-301 in Greece, 296-298 in nineteenth century, 301-303 in Rome, 296-298 in twentieth century, 304-306 loading patterns in, 443 metabolic alterations caused by, 491-493 nutritional alterations caused by, 491-493 pathophysiology, laminar damage in, 366 review of, 366-367 rotation and sinking in, 366-367 renal complications, 485 research advances in, 306-307 significance of, 290-292 subacute, 290 terminology related to, 287-290 Metabolic dysplasias, in laminitis, 421-431 Metabolism, laminitis effects on, 491-493 Metalloproteinase inhibitors, for Metastatic founder, defined, 301-302 Methionine, in chronic laminitis Mineral(s), trace, in chronic laminitis Nerve blocks, in chronic laminitis evaluation, 379-380 regional, for developmental and acute laminitis, Nitric acid, in chronic laminitis Nitric oxide, for pain in chronic laminitis, 497 Nitricum acidum, in chronic laminitis Nitrovasodilators, for developmental and acute laminitis, 350-351 NSAIDs. See Anti-inflammatory drugs, nonsteroidal. Nutritional status, laminitis effects on, 491-493 Nux vomica, in chronic laminitis management, Opiate(s), for pain in chronic laminitis, 498 Opium, in chronic laminitis management, Oxygen-radical scavengers, for 357- Pain, in chronic laminitis, 397-399, 495-498
INDEX 521 physiopathology of, 495-496 treatment, 496-498 Pentoxifylline, for developmental and acutelanrurrutis,352-353 Phlebotomy, for developmental and acute lanrurrutis, 359 Points for bleeding, in chronic lanrurrutis management, 507 Potassium, in chronic lanrurrutis Pulsatilla Nigricans ammona, in chronic lanrurrutis management, Pyrogen, in chronic laminitis management, Steroid(s), for developmental and acute laminitis, 357 Sulphur, in chronic laminitis management, 505 Tenotomy, deep digital flexor, for acute laminitis, 373 Thrush, in chronic laminitis, 383 Thyroid supplementation, in chronic laminitis management, 500 Trace minerals, in chronic lanrurrutis Regional nerve blocks, for developmental and acute lanrurrutis, Rheologic agents, for developmental and acute tanrurrutis, 352-353 Rhus toxicodendron, in chronic laminitis management, Rifondimento. See Laminitis. Sabina, in chronic lanrurrutis management, Secale, in chronic laminitis management, Seedy toe, in chronic laminitis evaluation, 383 Silecea, in chronic lanrurrutis management, 505 Sodium, in chronic lanrurrutis management, 499 Vasoactive agents, for developmental and acute lanrurrutis, 348-352 Vitamin(s), in chronic lanrurrutis Warfarin, for developmental and acute laminitis, 354 White line disease, versus chronic lanrurrutis, 377 "White needling," acupuncture points for, 506 Xylazine, for developmental and acute laminitis, 359