Truvaux du Muskurn National d'histoire Naturelle ((Grigore Antipa)) Vol. XLIII pp. 79-84 2001 ANSPHYRAPUS, A NEW GENUS OF THE FAMILY SPHYRAPIDAE (CRUSTACEA: TANAIDACEA, APSEUDOMORPHA) MODEST GUTU Abstract. The new genus Ansphyrapus (subfamily Sphyrapinae Gup, 1980), is described and illustrated, with the type-species Sphyrapzis tudes Norman and Stebbing, 1886. A comparison is made between the main features of the new genus and Sphyrapus Norman and Stebbing, 1886 and Sphyrapoides Gup and Iliffe, 1998 which also belong to the same subfamily. A key to the genera and the species of the subfamily Sphyrapinae is presented. RBsumk. On dkcrit et illustre le nouveau genre Ansphyrapus (sous-famille Sphyrapinae Gup, 1980), ayant comme esphce-type Sphyrapus tudes Norman et Stebbing, 1886. On commente aussi les diffkrences entre le nouveau genre et les autres deux (Sphyrapus Norman et Stebbing, 1886 et Sphyrapoides Gup et Iliffe, 1998), appartenant A la mcme sous-famille. Dans la partie finale du travail on prksente la clt d'identification des genres et des especes de la suos-famille des Sphyrapinae. Keywords: Ansphyrapus n.g., Ansphyrapus tudes (Norman and Stebbing, 1886), comb. nov. Before 1980 the genus Sphyrapus Norman and Stebbing, 1886 (then included in the family Apseudidae Leach, 18 14), with the five known species - S. anomalus (G. 0. Sars, 1869), S. dispar Lang, 1968, S. malleolus Norman and Stebbing, 1886, S. serratus G. 0. Sars, 1882, and S. tudes Norman and Stebbing, 1886 - was perceived to be well defined and homogenous. However, studies made after the description of family Sphyrapidae Gup, 1980 (and the two subfamilies, Sphyrapinae and Pseudosphyrapinae) proved the existence of a significant heterogenity. So, in the genus Sphyrapus (subfamily Sphyrapinae) only S. malleolus and S. tudes remained, although Gutu and Iliffe (1998) considered that the last species could belong to the genus Sphyrapoides Gup and Iliffe, 1998. As regards the other three species (in the subfamily Pseudosphyrapinae), they were included in genera Kudinopasternakia Gup, 1991 (for Sphyrapus dispar) and Pseudosphyrapus Gutu, 1980 (for Sphyrapus anomalus and S. serratus). On further investigation, I was to discover that Sphyrapus tudes did not belong to Sphyrapus or Sphyrapoides as it had been thought previously. Careful study of morphological characters such as the number of articles of the antennule inner flagellum, the presence or absence of antenna1 squama and features of the pereiopods, in comparison with the other Sphyrapinae genera, lead us to the conclusion that Sphyrapus tudes belongs to a distinct superspecific taxon, established here as a new genus. SUBORDER APSEUDOMORPHA Sieg, 1980 Family SPHYRAPIDAE Guw, 1980 Subfamily Sphyrapinae Gup, 1980 The principal morphological feature which defines the subfamily Sphyrapinae is the absence of the mandible palp (Gup, 1980, Gup and Iliffe, 1998); this is unlike the other subfamily that is currently assigned to the Sphyrapidae
80 MODEST GUTU Fig. 1 - Sphyraprrs malleolus (A, D) and Ansphyrapus tudes comb. nov. (B, C, E, F, G), females: A, antennule; B, ibid; C, antenna; D, labium; E, ibid; F, right mandible; G, maxilliped.
ANSPHYRAPUS, A NEW GENUS OF THE FAMILY SPHYRAPlDAE (TANAIDACEA) 81 (Pseudosphyrapinae), where a udi- or three-articulated mandible palp is present. By the absence of the mandible palp, the species within the Sphyrapinae are separated not only from those of its close relatives, but also from all the other apseudomorphs, being the only group that has this feature. However, when a consensus is reached on the validity and appropriateness of key characters for use in an objective phylogenetic analysis, the relationship between some of these higher sphyrapid taxa may prove more tenuous. Ansphyrapus n.g. Type-species: Sphyrapus tudes Norman and Stebbing, 1886, by monotypy. Diagnosis: Carapace fused with the first free pereonite. Ocular lobes well developed, rounded anteriorly. Antennule with inner flagellum multiarticulate. Antenna with four-segmented peduncle; squama or pseudosquama absent. Mandible without palp. Cheliped and pereiopod I1 with exopodite. Pereiopod I1 very long, and strong. Pereiopods VI and VII very similar, with long setae on both sides of the basis, merus and carpus. Pleopods biramous, in five pairs. Uropods biramous, filifonn. Sexual dimorphism low, male with large chela. Etymology. From the Greek an, "not" or "without", and Sphyrapus the name of the genus to which the new taxon resembles. Gender, masculine. Remarks. A character of the type-species of genus Ansphyrapus n.g. is the presence of one to three curved, more or less strong spines or spiniform processes on the basis of pereiopods I1 (Fig. 3 A), 111, IV, (the distal one being very large, Fig. 3 B, C) and VI (Fig. 3 E). It is possible that this feature might be generic but, adopting a cautious approach, I have not included it in the generic diagnosis, considering that it could be specific only to A. tudes; spiniform processes similar to these also occur widely, although not ubiquitously, in metapseudid genera such as Calozodion Gardiner, 1973, Synapseudes Miller, 1940, Julmarichardia Gup, 1989, and Cryptapseudes Bgcescu, 1977, as well as the pagurapseudid Pagurapseudopsis gracilis Shiino, 1963. Through a comparison of morphological characters of the three Sphyrapinae genera it is apparent that Ansphyrapus n.g, combines different feature belonging to Sphyrapoides and Sphyrapus. Thus, while in Sphyrapus (Fig. 1 A), the inner fagellum of the antennule is reduced to a small tubercle (without taking into consideration the article common with the outer flagellum), in Ansphyrapus the inner flagellum is formed of two articles (Fig. 1 B), as in the species Sphyrapoides bicornis (Gup and Iliffe, op. cit., fig. 2 A). At the same time, with the absence of antennal squama in Ansphyrapus (Fig. 1 C), the relationship between the three genera is inverse in comparison with the previous example: species of Sphyrapoides have the antennal squama (Gup and Iliffe, op. cit., fig. 2 B), in Ansphyrapus, as I have mentioned, and in Sphyrapus, the squarna is absent. Important differences and similarities between the genera also exist at the level of pereiopods 111, IV, and VI and VII. For example, genus Sphyrapus has very many fine setae on the sternal margin of carpus and propodus of pereiopods I11 (Fig. 2 A) and IV, without any robust spine (only thin setiform spines on propodus, easily confounded with the adjacent setae), conversely, Ansphyrapus (Fig. 3 B) and Sphyrapoides (Gup and Iliffe, op, cit., fig. 5 C) have thick, strong spines, among them being inserted one or two setae. The tergal margin of the propodus of the pereiopod I11 (Fig. 2 A) and pereiopod IV has very many fine setae in Sphyrapus,
82 MODEST GUTU Fig. 2 - Sphyrapus malleolus, female: A, pereiopod 111; B, pereiopod VI; C, propodus and dactylus of pereiopod VII. while in Ansphyrapus (Fig. 3 B) and Sphyrapoides (Gutu and Iliffe, op. cit., fig. 5 C), setae are fewer and much stronger. At the level of pereiopods VI and VII (which are very similar) in Ansphyrapus (Fig. 3 E, F) and Sphyrapoides (Guv and Iliffe, op. cit., fig. 6 A, B) the basis and merus have long setae on both sides, setae which are absent in the genus Sphyrapus (Fig. 2 B). On the other hand, the propodus of the last two pereiopods of the genus Sphyrapus has a row of setae distributed along its distal half, on the medial margin (Fig. 2 B, C) these setae are not present in the other two genera, Ansphyrapus (Fig. 3 E, F) and Sphyrapoides (Gutu and Iliffe, op.cit., fig. 6 A, B). The mothparts also show some differences between Sphyrapus and Ansphyrapus and a few similarities between the latter and Sphyrapoides. In this way, the lobe of labium in Sphyrapus is large and oval, with two apical spines (Fig. 1 D), but in Ansphyrapus (Fig. 1 E) and Sphyrapoides (Gup and Iliffe, op. cit., fig. 3 A), it is small and spiniforme. Also, the second article of the maxillipedal palp has a small spine in the distolateral angle in Ansphyrapus (Fig. 1 G) and Sphyrapoides (Guty and Iliffe, op. cit., fig. 4 A). Superficially, this distribution implies a closer phylogenetic affinity between the pair Ansphyrapus and Sphyrapoides than exists between either of these and Sphyrapus.
ANSPHYRAPUS, A NEW GENUS OF THE FAMILY SPHYRAPIDAE (TANAIDACEA) 83 Fig. 3 - Ansphyrapus tudes comb. nov., female: A-F, pereiopods 11-VII, respectively.
84 MODEST GUTU -- ~ Key of the genera and species of the subfamily Sphyrapinae 1 - Antennule with inner flagellum reduced to a tubercle... Sphyrapus... with the species S. malleolus) Antennule with inner flagellum multiarticulated... 2 2 - Antenna without squama... Ansphyrapus... with the species A. tudes) Antenna with squama (reduced in size)... Sphyrapoides... (with the species S. bicornis). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The author express his entire gratitude to Dr. Graham Bird (England) for the sent material as well for reading the paper and the made suggestions. Also, sincere thanks to Mrs Mihaela Achim from the "Grigore Antipa" National Museum of Natural History for the English translation, as well as to the anonymous referees. ANSPHYRAPUS, UN NOU GEN DIN FAMILIA SPHYRAPIDAE (CRUSTACEA: TANAIDACEA, APSEUDOMORPHA) REZUMAT fn lucrare este descris genul Ansphyrapus n.g. (subfamilia Sphyrapinae Gup, 1980). avlnd ca specie-tip pe Sphyrapus fudes Norman $i Stebbing, 1886. Noul gen se caracterizeazl prin flagelul intern al antenulei, multiarticulat, absenfa scvamei sau a pseudoscvamei antenei $i prezenp unor sete penate Iungi, dispuse pe bazisul, merusul ~i carpul pereiopodelor VI ~i VII. De asemenea, sunt comentate deosebirile dintre noul gen $i celelalte doul (Sphxrapus Norman $i Stebbing, 1886 $i Sphyrapoides Cup $i Iliffe, 1998), aparfinlnd aceleia~i subfamilii. In partea final2 a lucrlrii este prezentat2 cheia de determinare a genurilor ~i speciilor aparfinlnd subfamiliei Sphyrapinae. REFERENCES GUTU, M., 1980 - Pseudosphyr~pus, a new genus of a new family (Sphyrapidae) of Monokonophora (Crustacea,Tanaidacea). Travaux du Museum d'histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa", 23: 393-400. GUTU, M., T. M. ILIFFE, 1998 - Sphyrapoides bicornis, a new genus and species from a submarine escarpment in the Bahamas, and some remarks on Sphyrapinae (Crustacea, Tanaidacea). Travaux du Museum National d'histoire Naturelle "Grigore Antipa", 40: 21 1-225. NORMAN, A. M., T. R. R. STEBBMG, 1886 - On the Crustacea Isopoda of the "Lighting", "Porcupine" and "Valorous" Expeditions. Transactions of the Zoological Society, London, 12 (4): 77-141. Received: May 29, 2001 Accepted: September 28, 2001 Muzeul National de lstorie Nafurala' "Grigore Antipa" Soseaua Kiselelj nr.1, 79744-Bucure~ti 2 Romitlia e-mail: mgutu@antipa.ro