Activities of the Centre for Zoonoses, Animal Bacterial Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance (ZOBA) in Switzerland Gudrun Overesch Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse-Faculty, Bern 6 th EURL-AR workshop 2012, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
Overview Dates and facts of Switzerland Structure and duties of the ZOBA (Centre for Zoonoses, Bacterial Animal Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance) Annual Monitoring of Antimicrobial Resistance Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing in Diagnostic Submissions Outlook 16/04/2012 2
Dates and facts of Switzerland Bilateral agreements Switzerland - EU Legislation national Productive livestock (2010): 5 600 000 broilers (1007 farms) 3 200 000 laying hens (16 500 farms) 1 600 000 cattle (42 000 farms) 1 600 000 pigs (9100 farms) Human population (2010): 7 870 000 inhabitants Source: Swiss Zoonoses Report 2010 16/04/2012 3
Dates and facts of Switzerland Livestock production: www.ladisagroblog.files.com www.stockengut.ch www.agroscope.admin.ch www.ovth.ch 16/04/2012 4
Structure and duties of the ZOBA University of Bern VETSUISSE Faculty Department of Infectious diseases and Pathobiology Institute of Veterinary Pathology Institute of Veterinary Virology Institute of Parasitology Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology Research & Teaching NANT (National Reference Centre for Anthrax) Prof. J. Frey Molecular Epidemiology and Infectiology Prof. Dr. V. Perreten Centre for Zoonoses, Bacterial Animal Diseases and Antimicrobial Resistance (ZOBA) Dr. G. Overesch financed by: Canton of Bern and the Federal Veterinary Office 16/04/2012 5
Structure and duties of the ZOBA Diagnostics Bovine Mastitis Serology Surveillance Clinical Material Necropsy Material and Feaces Projects Antibiotic Suseptibility Testing Development Validation Reference function 16/04/2012 6
Structure and duties of the ZOBA Diagnostics Brucellosis Campylobacteriosis Salmonellosis Yersiniosis Listeriosis Tularaemia Anthrax Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia Bovine Campylobacteriosis Enzootic Pneumonia in swine Swine Actinobacillosis Blackleg Contagious Equine Metritis Infectious Agalactia Leptospirosis Antimicrobial Resistance Development Validation Reference function Providing scientific assistance to the Federal Veterinary Office (FVO) Providing scientific and technical assistance for laboratories Testing of new diagnostics for admission at the FVO Organization of ring trials for approved laboratories in Switzerland Confirmation of isolates from others laboratories (i.e. MRSA) Annual monitoring of antimicrobial resistance for Switzerland 16/04/2012 7
Annual Monitoring of Antimicrobial Resistance Animal species: pigs cattle/calves broilers Bacteria: Campylobacter jejuni / coli Escherichia coli Enterococcus faecalis / faecium MRSA and ESBL Salmonella spp. (diagnostic isolates) Method: Broth microdilution European standard plates ~ 3700 isolations, ~ 1600 MIC testings Interpretation according to ECOFFs (EUCAST) 16/04/2012 8
Annual Monitoring of Antimicrobial Resistance Campylobacter jejuni/coli: 16/04/2012 9
Annual Monitoring of Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring on MRSA: Nasal swabs from slaughter pigs: 2.0% (95%CI 0.9-3.9) in 2009 5.9% (95%CI 3.8-8.7) in 2010 5.6% (95%CI 3.6-8.3) in 2011 16/04/2012 10
Annual Monitoring of Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring on MRSA: Figure 1: Pig density and geographical distribution of the samples and results for MRSA isolated from the nasal cavities of slaughter pigs in 2010 16/04/2012 11
Activities of the National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance in Switzerland Annual Monitoring of Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring on MRSA: Number of isolates 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 ST398-t011 ST398-t034 ST398-t1451 ST49-t208 Genotypes 2009 2010 2011 ST1-t2279 Figure 2: Number of MRSA isolates of different genotypes (MLST, spa type) from slaughter pigs in 2009 2011 16/04/2012 12
Activities of the National Reference Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance in Switzerland Annual Monitoring of Antimicrobial Resistance Table 1: Resistance profile of ST49-t208-V lineage (n=7) and the predominant ST398-t034-V lineage (n=17) MLST Number of isolates Antibiotic resistance genes and resistance breakpoints (mg/l) a FOX PEN TET ERY CLI STR TIA SPC TMP SMX CIP (>4) (>0.125) (>2) (>2) (>0.5) (>16) (>2) (>128) (>2) (>128) (>1) ST49 1 meca meca tet(m) tet(k) erm(c) erm(c) vga(a) + ST49 4 meca meca tet(m) tet(k) vga(a) + ST49 1 meca meca tet(m) tet(k) erm(a) erm(a) vga(a) + ST49 1 meca meca tet(m) tet(k) str vga(a) + ST398 17 meca meca blaz tet(m) tet(k) erm(a) erm(a) str vga(e) ant(9)-ia dfr(g) 16/04/2012 13
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing in diagnostic submissions Animal species dogs/cats horses cattle Bacteria Staphylococci (i. e. S. pseudintermedius, S. aureus) Enterobacteriaceae (i. e. Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp.) Streptococci (i. e. S. canis, S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus, S. uberis) Enterococci/Lactococci (i. e. E. faecalis, L. garviae) Pseudomonas spp. and other Non-Fermenters (i. e. P. aeruginosa, A. baumanii) www.biomerieux.com Method VITEK 2 Compact (microdilution) ~ 3500 isolations and ~ 500 MIC /year No results for critically important antibiotics (i. e. Vancomycin, Imipenem, Linezolid, Quinupristin/Dalfopristin) Interpretation independent from Vitek Software according to clinical breakpoints of EUCAST, whenever possible!! 16/04/2012 14
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing in diagnostic submissions S. uberis: No clinical breakpoints and ECOFFs according to EUCAST! Rare clinical breakpoints according to CLSI! 16/04/2012 15
Outlook Improvement of Monitoring (i. e. ESBL, bulk milk) Creating representative MIC data for relevant veterinarian pathogens (i. e. Arcanobacterium pyogenes, L. garviae, B. bronchiseptica) Submission of MIC data to EUCAST for relevant veterinarian pathogens (i.e. Streptococcus uberis, S. pseudintermedius) Consolidation of Resistance data from human and veterinary medicine www.anresis.ch Cooperation with the EU-RLs 16/04/2012 16
Outlook Thank you for your attention! 16/04/2012 17